基于土壤氡气测量识别甘肃北山南缘隐伏断裂

我国高放废物地质处置库首选预选区位于甘肃北山南缘，区内分布有多条大型非活动断裂构造，这些断裂很可能成为未来放射性核素迁移的主要通道。断裂在向地表延伸过程中，受第四系覆盖等因素影响，造成关键构造部位隐伏地下而难以识别。本文以北山地区新场地段南部红旗山和前红泉断裂为研究对象，采用土壤中氡气测量方法，探讨了大型断裂构造中隐伏段落的识别及其指示的水文地质意义。结果表明：土壤中氡气测量对于识别北山南缘隐伏断裂具有很好的指示意义，是传统地质调查方法的一种重要补充；红旗山和前红泉断裂裂隙系统整体开启性均较差，裂隙系统不发育，影响范围较小，不具备形成较大规模储水空间的可能性。不同断裂带土壤氡浓度背景值差异较大，可根据土壤氡浓度累积频率分布图确定背景值；土壤氡浓度等值线分布图对判断隐伏断裂位置具有一定的指示作用。对于压剪性断裂而言，主断裂多沿氡气高异常与低异常边界分布或表现为氡气中等异常，而两侧的次级断裂表现为氡气高异常。     

采用分数槽绕组降低直线感应电机的温升

低速直线感应电机极距小、气隙大,导致无功电流大,电机的温升很高。研究了每极每相槽数略大于1的分数槽对谐波导致的无功电流的影响,指出在电机结构和工艺能接受的前提下,采用分数槽绕组可显著降低电机的无功电流,达到降低温升的目的。     

有机固体废物快速发酵剂的制备及其效果研究

从发酵的垃圾、淀粉厂污泥、腐烂桔杆等样品中，分离、纯化、诱变、筛选出分解纤维素、淀粉能力较强的4种菌株，按不同比例混合制备出有机固体废物发酵剂。从4种菌抹中选择出有较强分解能力的一组最佳配比为快速发酵剂，对有机固体废物进行分解性能实验，有机固体废物加入发酵剂后，温度迅速升高，2—3d就可以保持在70℃，提高了对纤维素、本质素及蛋白质的分解率，大大缩短了发酵周期。     

山谷型垃圾卫生填埋场堆埋体稳定性评价

山谷型卫生填埋场是我国卫生填埋场建设的主要形式之一。本文借鉴无粘性坝体边坡的容许安全系数，反算求得不考虑内聚力的垃圾可能最小内摩擦角。利用这个内摩擦角计算坝体所受的主动压力，从而计算垃圾坝的抗滑、抗倾覆及坝基的稳定状态。初步建立了一套评价此类型填埋场堆埋体安全稳定性的方法，并通过对一工程实例的分析，证明了该方法是可行的。     

城市固体废物(MSW)填埋场中单元覆盖层防渗研究进展

根据世界各国的经验，在未来相当长的时期内，填埋仍将是城市固体废物（MSW）的主要处置方式，但MSW渗滤液的产生及处理不仅加大了填埋场的建设及运行成本，而且也增大了发生二次污染的风险。MSW填埋结构中的单元覆盖层具有防止降水入渗、减少（或消除）渗滤液数量的重要作用，而这种作用能否充分发挥则取决于其渗透性能，因此，单元覆盖层的防渗研究具有重要的实用价值。文章重点介绍了该领域研究已取得的进展，包括阳离子、阴离子、pH及氧化物等对饱和土体渗透性的影响、非饱和土体胀缩行为与渗透性变化的描述及饱和、非饱和土体隔水性能优化等；提出了该领域研究中存在的问题及未来发展方向。     

Structure-configurational entropy and its effect on the thermodynamic stability of uranyl phases: With special application for geological disposal of nuclear waste

Uranyl phases are found as the alteration products of uraninite under oxidizing condi- tions[1—3]. They are also expected to be the dominant alteration products of spent UO2 fuel in an oxidizing environment, such as at nuclear waste repositories[4—8]. …     

Geoenvironmental protocol for site and waste characterization of former manufactured gas plants; worldwide remediation challenge in semi-volatile organic wastes

The most common and difficult of all hazardous waste sites are those that historically produced artificial (manufactured) gas; for gas-making was international in scope and at the very core of the industrial revolution. With former manufactured gas plants (FMGPs), virtually no geologic region in the industrialized or urbanized world or its trade centers and ports escaped the gas industry. These plants applied pyrolysis of organic matter (roasting to drive off volatiles in the form of useful gases) to illuminate the world and to fuel all manner of progress.

Gas was and is the universal fuel. Its prominence stemmed from the omnipresence of organic matter and the universal process for the extraction of its volatile contents to manufacture useful gas. Furthermore, for most of the century and a half-long history of manufactured gas, natural gas was unavailable to slow or daunt the production of man-made gas and the universal creation of its toxic tar residues and other harmful waste residuals.

Today we face the presence of toxic organic gas manufacturing residuals as a unique threat to both the health and welfare of contemporary society, as well as being a long-term threat to the environment that is dominantly geologic in character. Most of these tar residuals are highly resistant to natural degradation or attenuation in the environment and their lives, therefore, they are measured in geologic time. Given its environmental persistence, potential problems associated with tar may exist centuries to thousands of years.

Engineering geologists and geological engineers are, by training and experience, particularly well equipped to plan, manage and conduct site and waste characterization efforts for FMGPs and related coal-tar sites.     

Determination of hydraulic conductivity of sand-bentonite mixtures for engineering purposes

Pollution of the environment due to leakage from waste repositories is a well-known and wide spread problem. Emphasis has therefore been put on design of liners for such repositories, focusing on hydraulic conductivity and its variation with time, liner composition, water content, compaction etc. The paper addresses the hydraulic conductivity of sand/bentonite mixtures, especially the variation of the hydraulic conductivity as a function of bentonite content, compaction and degree of saturation. In order to better understand the variation of the hydraulic conductivity of a sand–bentonite mixture a new parameter k ₁ has been proposed. The parameter reflects the amount of bentonite per pore volume and can easily be calculated based on the amount of bentonite and the dry density of the soil mixture. Thereby, the hydraulic conductivity can be predicted as a function of different degres of compaction. This method can be used for engineering purposes to predict the hydraulic conductivity at an early stage of a design to get an idea of the required design and hence, cost.