原型处置库

论述高放废物地质处置研究中的原型处置库的概念、建造目的和研究的主要内容,以及它在处置库系统性能评价中的作用。原型处置库的研究工作,可以在普通地下实验室中进行（如瑞典的魧sp觟地下实验室）,也可以在特定场址地下实验室中进行（如美国尤卡山的ESF坑道）,它是以往20多年前地下实验室研究中演示阶段的扩展和延伸,是高放废物地质处置研究中最终确认处置库场址的一个必不可少的研究步骤,同时也为处置库地下工程的详细设计提供最接近于当地建库实际的各类技术参数。     

高放废物地质处置元数据设计与编辑模块开发

在对元数据的含义、作用、组成及对高放领域研究的数据内容和特点分析的基础上,对元数据编辑模块的设计进行了详细描述,并在VS2005平台下应用C#语言进行了模块的实际开发,最终实现了便于进行数据共享的XML格式存储功能。元数据编辑模块的应用将促进我国高放废物地质处置信息化工作的进一步深入。     

袖阀管注浆工艺在垂直防渗工程中的应用

日照市某垃圾处理厂周边岩体风化强烈,为减小风化裂隙导致的渗滤液侧渗对下游环境的影响,采用了袖阀管注浆的垂直防渗措施。介绍了袖阀管注浆的施工方法与质量控制要点,概述了施工中容易出现的问题并提出了处理措施。     

中放废液处置场强自然造斜地层钻进的防斜纠斜

核废液的永久性处置是一个世界性难题,其技术和安全可靠性要求极高,因此,对处置场的勘察和钻探技术质量要求极严。我国某压裂场是强自然造斜地层,其场地勘察和监测井的钻探施工孔斜是关键难题。在处置场的勘察和γ监测井的钻探施工中,通过采取相应的防斜纠斜工艺和技术方法,取得了良好的防斜纠斜措施,达到了勘察和监测井设计要求的各项质量指标,保证了勘察和钻探施工质量。     

垃圾填埋场抽水试验及降水方案设计

垃圾填埋场中的渗滤液水位过高会引发一系列环境和稳定问题,工程上可用竖井抽水降低渗滤液水位。通过在填埋场现场进行抽水试验,确定垃圾土的渗透系数和抽水影响半径,在此基础上对填埋场降水的瞬态流问题进行有限元模拟,分析了抽水井口径和间距对填埋场降水的影响,提出了降水方案的设计步骤和方法。抽水试验表明,现场垃圾的渗透系数约为3.6×10-4cm/s,抽水影响半径约为20m。数值分析表明,井径的变化对于降水效果影响不大,而合理选择抽水井间距对降水十分关键。进行抽水方案设计时,应首先根据工期和降水幅度要求计算井间距,按井的出水速度选择水泵,再根据水泵确定井径,最后根据井径和过滤层形式确定钻孔尺寸并选择钻机。     

The use of the deposit-refund framework in port reception facilities charging systems

The European Union set in place Directive 2000/59/EC with the aim of substantially reducing discharges of ship-generated waste into the sea by improving the availability and use of port reception facilities. According to the Directive, port administrations shall ensure that the cost recovery system must aim to discourage ships from discharging their waste into the sea, while simultaneously placing the burden of costs on ships, in line with the "polluter pays principle". The present paper examines the extent to which the deposit-refund framework could be used in charging systems of port reception facilities. This has been realized through a case study involving a Greek port. Specifically, the charging system proposed here seems to approach quite close to the primary target, i.e. to a charging system that motivates ships to act more environmentally responsible manner regarding their waste, without significantly affecting their total cost nor the competitiveness of the port.     

上海市废水排放与处理的现状及对策研究

本文根据上海市1991年到2007年废水排放的统计资料,对比分析了近年来上海市工业和生活及其他领域废水的排放情况。分析结果显示,工业废水的排放量正在逐渐减少,相反生活废水的排放量与日俱增,到20世纪九十年代中期,生活及其他领域的废水年排放量超过工业废水的年排放量,成为上海市废水的主要来源。文章结合同期上海市工业总产值、户籍人口以及人民生活水平等变化情况,探讨了工业废水排放减少、生活废水排放增加的主要影响因素,并以此为依据探寻未来上海市进一步减少城市废水排放的对策。     

Characterization of groundwater flow in the Bailin hazardous waste-disposal site (Huesca, Spain)

 A serious problem in Spain is presented, where the water and soil were contaminated by lindane produced by the chemical industry, at a time when environmental legislation was limited, and the hydrogeological characterization of the low permeability materials was insufficient. The waste-disposal sites where the lindane accumulated lacked suitable sealing and also had notable filtration. The non-existence of a safe waste-disposal site, and the economic and social problems of transporting lindane residues forced the alternative proposal of confining these residues in situ (Government of Aragón, 1995, 1996). Once the surface sealing was carried out, the problem centred on the site's underground confinement. The purpose of this publication is to present the particular hydrogeological behaviour of materials, which were initially considered impermeable because of the presence of very consolidated sandstone beddings and the vertical disposition of the strata, and so allowed the lindane to escape through the groundwater. In addition, this publication describes the procedures carried out in order to achieve effective underground confinement at the waste-disposal site. Received: 12 October 1999 · Accepted: 31 January 2000     

Mineralogical and geochemical signature of mine waste contamination, Tresillian River, Fal Estuary, Cornwall, UK

The mineralized district of SW England was one of the world's greatest mining areas, with mining commencing in the Bronze age, peaking in the 1850s to 1890s, but still continuing to the present day. Consequently, it is not surprising that mining has had a major impact on the environmental geochemistry of SW England. In this study, the mineralogical and geochemical signature of mine waste contamination within the Fal Estuary at Tresillian, Cornwall, has been examined. A pulse of mine waste contamination is recognized at approximately 50?cm below present day sediment surface. Sn, As, Cu, Pb, and Zn are all enriched within this contaminated interval with up to 1800 mg?kg^–1 Sn, 290 mg?kg^–1 As, 508 mg?kg^–1 Pb, 2210 mg?kg^–1 Zn, and 1380 mg?kg^–1 Cu. Within this interval, the dominant minerals present include chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, cassiterite, Fe–Ti oxides (ilmenite and ?rutile), wolframite, sphalerite, baryte, zircon, monazite, tourmaline and xenotime. In addition, man-made slag products commonly occur. The exact timing of the release of mine waste into the estuary is poorly constrained, but probably occurred during or immediately following the peak in mining activity in the nearby Camborne-Redruth district, which was between 1853 and 1893. The mine waste may have entered the estuary either via the Tresillian River and its tributaries or via Calenick Creek and the Truro River and/or the Carnon River which flows into Rostronguet Creek.     

膨润土性能温度效应研究进展

通过文献调研、资料总结和分析,阐述了温度对膨润土诸多性状的影响。膨润土中孔隙水的化学成分因温度变化而发生改变,温度的增加使膨润土中内水、外水的含量发生改变,从而影响土的水合力大小。以OPHELIE膨润土实验为例,介绍了温度对膨润土内部孔隙大小的影响。此外,还对目前膨润土持水能力与膨胀力的温度效应进行了阐述。