堰塞湖溃坝控制和人工排险技术

首先阐述堰塞湖溃坝控制与人工排险的内容、原则和方案.在此基础上分析堰塞湖应急处置中安全监测的原则和内容,以及泄流、渗流控制、滑动体加固等应急工程措施适用性.最后讨论冲切和坝体稳定泄流的工程设计与应急转移措施.     

水泥土搅拌桩在垃圾填埋场地基处理中的应用

水泥土搅拌桩作为加固软土地基的一种成熟方法,适用于多种成因的饱和软粘土与粉土等地基。通过工程实例,介绍了水泥土搅拌桩在用于垃圾填埋场复合地基中,提高地基承载力与减少地基沉降量,保证垃圾堆体及地基整体稳定的作用,供类似工程参考。     

高放废物处置库北山预选区岩体筛选定量研究

以北山预选岩体的地学数据集成为基础、GIS技术为支撑,开展预选区众多岩体筛选特征分析,针对预选区岩体规模、形态与完整性开展定性及定量研究,为北山预选区岩体筛选和评价提供方法与依据。     

云南腾冲科学钻探废弃钻井液固化处理技术研究

根据云南腾冲科学钻探废弃钻井液的特点,确定了先絮凝破胶再固化的技术路线,筛选出絮凝破胶预处理及固化的最优配方。实验结果表明,固化效果良好,经絮凝沉降后分离出的废水、固化物浸出液污染物含量均达到污水综合排放一级标准。     

Potential of Oil Palm Trunk Sap as a Novel Inexpensive Renewable Carbon Feedstock for Polyhydroxyalkanoate Biosynthesis and as a Bacterial Growth Medium

Utilization of cheap renewable carbon feedstock for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production not only brings down its production cost but also ensures sustainability. The scope of this study was to evaluate the potential of sap extracted from felled oil palm trunk (OPT) as a novel inexpensive renewable carbon source for PHA production. OPT sap was found to be nutritionally rich and contained various fermentable sugars (5.5% w/v) as its major constituent. Termite gut isolate, Bacillus megaterium MC1 grew profoundly in mineral medium with OPT sap as carbon source and a cell density of 10.9 g/L was attained after 16 h of cultivation in shake flask cultures. A maximum poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] content (% cell dry weight; CDW) of 30 wt% and a P(3HB) concentration of 3.28 g/L was recorded. Additionally, OPT sap extracted from younger tree trunks with prolonged storage had higher sugar content (10.8% w/v) and, when used as a growth medium without the addition of any nutrients, supported bacterial growth comparable to commercially available media.     

Oreganum Stalks as a New Biosorbent to Remove Textile Dyes from Aqueous Solutions

In the present study, Oreganum onites L. stalks in natural and chemically modified with HNO³ and H³PO⁴ used as adsorbent for removal of both acidic and basic dyes from waters. The adsorption was studied as a function of pH and contact time by batch method. All tested biosorbents were characterized by FT‐IR, scanning electron microscopy, and measuring the pH dependence of the zeta potential. The adsorption isotherms were fitted to Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity of dyes was 280.73 mg g^?1 for Basic Red 18, 147.06 mg g^?1 for methylene blue and 112.36 for Acid Red 111, which is comparable to that of other lignocellulosic materials. The modification process was considerably increased the biosorption capacity of lignocellulosic material, resulting in a 56–63% increase in the biosorption capacity of basic dyes and a 125% increase in the biosorption capacity of acidic dye. The present study illustrated that the most effective factors in the adsorption of basic dye were surface charge and acidic groups on lignocellulosic biosorbents, while non‐electrostatic forces as well as electrostatic forces were also effective in the adsorption of acidic dye. In conclusion, Oreganum stalks can be considered as a very prospective adsorbent for the removal of tested basic and acidic dyes.     

高庙子膨润土与砂混合物的土-水特征曲线

用滤纸法和压力板法对高庙子膨润土与福建砂的混合物进行试验研究,在不同孔隙比和不同膨润土与砂配合比情况下量测脱湿过程的土-水特征曲线,研究土-水特征曲线与孔隙比和配合比之间的关系。试验结果表明：在同一配合比下用饱和度与吸力表示土-水特征曲线时,其曲线随着孔隙比的减小向右上方移动,即当土样的吸力一定时,土样的饱和度随着孔隙比的减小而增大,当吸力小于10 MPa时,这种现象较为显著;在同一孔隙比下膨润土与砂混合物的土-水特征曲线随着膨润土的比例增加而向右上方移动,即混合物的进气值随着膨润土的比例增加而增大;另外,配合比以及孔隙比相同时,膨润土与福建砂的混合物的土-水特征曲线与日本产Kunigel膨润土与丰浦砂的混合物的土-水特征曲线非常接近。     

碱渣改良膨胀土室内试验研究

通过室内试验,探讨利用碱渣作为添加剂对膨胀土改良的可行性和改良效果和碱渣改性土的基本物理力学性质和膨胀性。研究结果表明,随着掺渣率的增加,碱渣改性土的黏性成分的含量降低,粗颗粒含量增加,导致相对密度、液限、塑性指数、自由膨胀率、有荷膨胀量均呈明显减小趋势,这说明碱渣对膨胀土膨胀性的改良有显著效果;碱渣改性土可击实含水率范围较之膨胀土宽,这给碱渣改性土的施工带来很大方便;经过7 d养护后的土样无侧限抗压强度和抗剪强度都显著增加,并在掺渣率为30%时存在一个峰值点。抗剪强度增强主要体现在黏聚力显著增加,而内摩擦角变化不大。     

废旧金属拆解场地浅层地下水芘污染特征与分析

在分析废旧金属拆解场地浅层地下水中芘的检出和分布特征的基础上,对地下水中芘的污染来源、污染途径和污染控制因素进行了探讨.研究结果表明,场地中心和地下水下游2km范围内芘污染明显,垂直于地下水流向芘迁移距离较小,一般小于0.5km.芘在地下水中的迁移转化受地下水中pH、Eh及DO等因素的控制,弱酸性或中性环境以及厌氧强还原条件下,芘易于检出和迁移,一般难以生物降解.