山区聚落与耕地空间耦合关系研究——以北川县为例

探究山区聚落与耕地间的耦合关系,对山区聚落重构与农业发展具有重要意义。本文采用核密度法、局部空间自相关、Ripley k函数和聚耕比指数等方法定量分析了北川县山区聚落与耕地在数量与质量上的空间特征。结果表明:1)北川县聚落属于典型的山区农业聚落,且多为离散型或小规模群体性聚落,加之受地形因素影响,多属于平行于等高线的台阶式聚落。2)由多距离空间聚集指数可看出,小尺度下的聚落聚集特性并不明显,多数聚落呈离散性。3)北川县域聚落与耕地空间分布关系密切,聚落分布呈显著的“耕地指向性”,聚耕比指数差异明显,呈由西北向东南逐渐增大的分布趋势。4)北川县域耕地质量等级较低,但耕地分布空间同质性较好,“高高”质量耕地,与“低低”质量耕地具有明显的聚集特性。本文在传统的以分析聚落与耕地数量关系为中心的基础上,加入耕地质量分析,较全面地反映聚落与耕地的空间耦合关系,为聚落与耕地关系的整体认知提供了新的思路。     

On the nature of regional seismic phases–II. On the influence of structural barriers

The blockage of the L _g wave by crustal barriers such as continental margins and graben structures has long been recognized as providing a very useful tool for mapping large-scale lateral crustal variations along the propagation path. Numerical simulation of L _g -wave propagation in complex anelastic media using the pseudospectral method provides insight into the nature of the propagation process using both snapshots of the wavefield and synthetic seismograms. A variety of 2-D structures have been investigated, including the influence of sediments, crustal thickness and attenuation.
Thick sedimentary basins covering a graben structure can have a major influence, since they remove L _g energy by generating P conversion and scattering–the principal mechanisms for strong L _g attenuation across a graben. The reduction of the L _g energy is reinforced by anelastic attenuation in the sediments as well as the influence of the gradually thinning crustal waveguide associated with an elevated Moho.
The extinction of L _g in a sequence of explosions fired across the central graben of the North Sea can be simulated by numerical calculations for the structure derived from refraction experiments.     

A theoretical and experimental comparison of the anisotropies of magnetic susceptibility and remanence in rocks and minerals

Summary. Susceptibility, thermo-remanent magnetization (TRM) and isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) anisotropy ellipsoids have been determined for several rock samples. The results indicate that the ellipsoid of initial susceptibility is less anisotropic than the TRM and low field IRM ellipsoids which are found experimentally to be of identical shape. This suggests that palaeomagnetic data for anisotropic rocks may be corrected by using the anisotropy ellipsoid determined from magnetically non-destructive low field IRM measurements. Such IRM measurements can also be used to obtain anisotropy axes of samples which are inherently anisotropic but which have a susceptibility which is too weak to be accurately measured. The results for a series of artificial anisotropic samples containing magnetite particles of different sizes (in the range 0.2–90 μm) were very similar to those for the rocks. In contrast, a comparison of the susceptibility and IRM ellipsoids for anisotropic samples containing particles from a magnetic tape gave very different results in accordance with theory. Such results imply that susceptibility and IRM ellipsoids could be used to determine whether anisotropic rocks contain uniaxial single-domain particles (magnetization confined to the easy axis) or whether the particles are essentially multidomain.     

秦岭造山带晚三叠世糜署岭岩体的岩石磁学及磁组构可靠性约束

近年来,针对秦岭造山带晚三叠世花岗岩体侵位机制的巨大争议,一些研究采用磁组构方法分析了岩体的内部组构特征及其与区域构造的关系,提出了具有重要意义的新认识.然而,目前这些研究均缺乏对岩体磁组构本质意义的分析,利用该方法约束岩体内部组构的可靠性并不十分清晰.针对这一问题,本文以秦岭造山带内具典型代表性意义的晚三叠世糜署岭花岗岩体为例,开展了该岩体的磁组构、岩石磁学、矿物形态组构和显微构造的综合研究.结果表明,糜署岭岩体的磁化率总体较低,属钛铁矿系列花岗岩.绝大部分样品的磁化率受控于顺磁性的黑云母等铁镁硅酸盐矿物,部分高磁化率样品包含了少量多畴磁铁矿等铁磁性组分的贡献,且随磁化率增大,铁磁性组分的贡献更为明显.样品的磁组构也主要是黑云母组构或由黑云母与磁铁矿的亚组构复合而成.由于样品中磁铁矿含量较低且与黑云母密切共生,磁组构与黑云母形态组构基本一致,因此,黑云母与磁铁矿的亚组构基本共轴.糜署岭岩体的磁组构本质上等同于黑云母组构,反映了黑云母等页硅酸盐矿物在岩体中的分布,可以有效的指示岩体的内部构造特征.宏观和显微构造观察还显示,糜署岭岩体的内部组构形成于岩浆侵位的晚期阶段,叠加了同岩浆期区域构造的关键信息,是从岩体构造角度开展区域构造演化的良好载体.     

巴基斯坦恰希玛核电站用P300工程核级冷冻机组抗震力学性能计算分析

核电站中的结构、设备的安全可靠性是公众所关注的焦点,国内外的研究人员对此做了大量的工作。对于各种不同的荷载组合,针对某一类结构进行细致的分析研究是必要的。本文采用有限元法对巴基斯坦恰希玛核电站中采用的核级冷冻机组在地震动、结构内压及自重等多种荷载组合作用下的结构抗震性能进行了计算分析。     

海南昌江核电厂两次海域放射性调查结果分析

为了解海南昌江核电厂周围海域放射性水平,两次海域放射性调查分别于2009年和2017年进行。两次调查的调查项目、范围、频次、站位、要素等均依据相关标准规范制定。调查中的采样、预处理和放化分析方法也参照了当时最新的标准规范要求。通过对调查结果的对比分析显示,两次调查中海水、沉积物、海洋生物的绝大部分测量结果基本处于同一水平,可认为海南昌江核电厂1、2号机组的运行未对周围海域环境放射性水平产生明显影响,建议在后续监测工作中进一步关注90 Sr。