Diagenesis impact on a deeply buried sandstone reservoir (Es1 Member) of the Shahejie Formation,Nanpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,East China

Diagenesis has a significant impact on reservoir quality in deeply buried formations. Sandstone units of the Shahejie Formation (Es₁ Member) of Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, East China is a typical deeply buried sandstone with large hydrocarbon accumulations. The methodology includes core observations and thin section studies, using fluorescence, scanning electron microscope (SEM), cathodoluminescence (CL), fluid inclusion and isotope and electron probing analysis as well as the numerical determination of reservoir characteristics. The sandstones consist of medium to coarse-grained, slight to moderate sorted lithic arkose and feldspathic litharenite. Porosity and permeability values range from 0.5 to 30% and 0.006 to 7000 mD, respectively. The diagenetic history reveals mixed episodes of diagenesis and deep burial followed by uplift. The main diagenetic events include compaction, cementation alteration, dissolution of unstable minerals and grain fracturing. Compaction resulted in densification and significantly reduced the primary porosity. Quartz, calcite and clay are the dominant pore-occluding cement and occur as euhedral to subhedral crystals. Alteration and dissolution of volcanic lithic fragments and pressure solution of feldspar grains were the key sources of quartz cement whereas carbonate cement is derived from an external source. Clay minerals resulted from the alteration of feldspar and volcanic lithic fragments. Porosity and permeability data predict a good inverse relationship with cementation whereas leaching of metastable grains, dissolution of cement and in some places formation of pore-lining chlorite enhanced the reservoir quality. The best reservoir is thicker sandstone bodies that are medium to coarse-grained, well-sorted sandstone with low primary ductile grains with a minor amount of calcite cement. The present study shows several diagenetic stages in the Es₁ Member, but the overall reservoir quality is preserved.     

塔里木盆地阿克库勒地区石炭系卡拉沙依组成岩作用

阿克库勒地区卡拉沙依组碎屑岩储层的成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较低．储层的次生溶蚀孔隙所占比例远高了：原生孔隙，次生孔隙是储层的主要储集空间．样品数据统计显示，卡拉沙依组储层属于低孔、低渗储层类型．根据岩石薄片、铸体薄片观察及储层样品的扫描电镜和阴极发光分析结果，本区石炭系储层主要经历的成岩作用有压实（压溶）作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用和交代作用，其中碳酸盐矿物的沉淀和溶蚀作用是本区卡拉沙依组储层所经历的最重要的成岩作用．成岩作用已达到晚成岩B期，早期方解石交代石英颗粒并发生大量溶蚀，生成大量次生孔隙，晚期方解石没有发生溶蚀．     

陕北新庄地区延长组长2油层组储层特征

一般河道砂体的正粒序性决定了其下部物性条件优于上部,但新庄地区长2油层组河道砂体的物性特征截然相反,而是中上部物性条件好,下部物性条件普遍差.在储层岩石学特征、孔隙类型等研究的基础上,对此进行了探讨,认为造成其特殊性的原因主要是由于压实、胶结、次生加大等作用.指出河道边滩砂体中上部储层为该区的主力储层.     

基于地震相分析的孔隙度预测

这里主要讨论在地震相分析下的孔隙度预测。其基本原理是：首先对研究区块进行前期常规解释（合成记录、层位追踪、构造及断层解释）,在此基础上利用地震相分析技术,并结合测井及岩芯资料对研究区进行沉积相带划分,将地震信息转化为地质信息;然后根据相带划分结果,对单一相带中的密度、声波速度与孔隙度井资料进行统计,拟合获得相关最好的波阻抗与孔隙度关系公式,这样多个相带就有不同的孔隙度计算公式;最后通过反演得到的波阻抗计算获得孔隙度。由于在横向上加入了地质解释,所以通过这种方法能够有效结合地质规律,提高三维孔隙度预测精度,还能更好地进行孔隙流体预测及储层评价。     

高温后花岗岩力学性质及微孔隙结构特征研究

采用MTS815液压伺服试验系统及9310型微孔结构分析仪对花岗岩在温度作用下（常温～1 300 ℃）的宏观力学性质及微孔隙结构特征进行了较为系统的研究。结果表明：①在800 ℃之前,岩样力学性质变化规律不明显;超过800 ℃,岩样强度迅速劣化;达到1 200 ℃,岩样基本失去了承载能力。②岩样孔隙率随温度升高而增大,孔隙率的阀值温度在800 ℃左右,与岩样在该温度点强度突然降低相一致。③岩样孔隙率较小,但连通性好,在阶段进汞曲线上显示为不同宽度微裂隙并存的特征,累计进汞曲线呈台阶状,温度超过800 ℃,超微孔逐渐向微孔隙转化,岩样连通性增强。④岩样孔隙分布分形维数随温度的升高反而降低。在高温作用下,岩样中的热损伤由初始非规则的裂隙结构逐渐向均匀化的孔穴结构转化,非均匀性弱化是导致岩样孔隙分布分形维数降低的根本原因。     

浅述次生孔隙的成因

生油岩生成的油气,必须运移到储集层中贮存起来,这样油气才可成藏,而岩层的孔隙度是其储集性好坏的重要标志,次生孔隙在此更是有极重要的意义(因为随着岩层的埋深,成岩作用不断在进行,原生孔隙将减少,次生孔隙将在储油方面扮演重要角色),因此,笔者着重论述次生孔隙的成因及其相关问题。     

平顶山矿区原生结构煤和构造煤孔渗实验对比

为了研究构造煤孔渗变化特性, 利用平顶山矿区原生结构煤和构造煤, 进行了不同围压、温度、湿度和煤体结构类型等条件下孔隙度及渗透率的实验测定, 对煤层孔渗特性在不同条件下的变化趋势进行了分析.结果表明: 围压、温度、湿度和煤体结构类型4种因素对煤的孔隙度和渗透率均有较大影响, 当温度和围压同时作用时, 围压的作用效果大于温度的作用效果.并用Origin软件对部分实验数据进行了数据拟合, 得出原生结构煤和构造煤的渗透率-孔隙度函数关系.      

南方地区城市生活垃圾导热系数的试验研究

温度场对垃圾填埋场的衬垫系统、气体运移和垃圾土工程特性等存在显著影响,导热系数是研究填埋场内温度场的重要参数。以台州卢岙里垃圾填埋场为研究对象,采用DRCD-3030型智能化导热系数测定仪,测定了不同孔隙率和含水率条件下的垃圾导热系数。试验中,垃圾试样的含水率分别取0%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%和50%;垃圾的孔隙率分别取77.8%、75.0%、71.4%和66.7%。试验结果表明：干垃圾导热系数较小,仅为标准状态空气导热系数的2.5～3.5倍,并随孔隙率的增大而减小;非饱和垃圾的导热系数随含水率的增加而增大,当含水率相等时,孔隙率越小,垃圾的导热系数越大。根据垃圾导热系数的实测数据,利用修正几何加权平均模型和线性拟合技术,建立了垃圾导热系数的计算公式,可以为垃圾填埋场温度场的研究提供重要参考。     

Transport properties of rocks from statistics and percolation

Two simplified microstructural models that account for permeability and conductivity of low-porosity rocks are compared. Both models result from statistics and percolation theory. The first model assumes that transport results from the connection of 1D objects or pipes; the second model assumes that transport results from the connection of 2D objects or cracks. In both cases, statistical methods permit calculation of permeability k and conductivity , which are dependent on three independent microvariables: average pipe (crack) length, average pipe radius (crack aperture), and average pipe (crack) spacing. The degree of connection is one aspect of percolation theory. Results show that use of the mathematical concept of percolation and use of the rock physics concept of tortuosity are equivalent. Percolation is used to discuss k and near the threshold where these parameters vanish. Relations between bulk parameters (permeability, conductivity, porosity) are calculated and discussed in terms of microvariables.     

规则球粒堆积体的孔隙度

以椭球堆积体为模型，求出圆球、扁球、长球、椭球４种堆积体的理论孔隙度极值相同，并导出了政府孔隙度的通式。认为理论孔隙度的大小仅与规则球粒的排列方式有关，当某一规则球粒堆积体受压而使该规则球粒变形为另一种规则球粒时，只要排列方式不变，其理论孔隙度也不变。