Assessment of man-made and natural hazards in the surroundings of hydropower projects under construction in the beas valley of northwestern Himalaya

Mountain ecosystem,on the earth,has plenty of natural resources. In Himachal Pradesh all the rivers are snowfed and therefore rich in water resources. These resources have been supporting enough for the generation of electricity through introducing hydropower projects since the last decade. However,every developmental activity has its own negative impacts on the surrounding environment. Due to the fragile nature of topography and delicacy of ecology of the Himalaya,it results in lot of disturbances because of high degree of human interferences like construction of major hydropower projects. The increased extent of geological hazards,such as landslides,rock fall and soil erosion,have mainly due to alike developmental interventions in the natural ecosystem. So understanding and analysing such impacts of the hydropower projects have mainly been on the environment in various forms but natural hazards have been frequent ones. The present study,therefore,focuses mainly on the Parbati Stage Ⅱ (800 MW) and the Parbati Stage Ⅲ (520 MW) hydropower projects; both of which fall within the Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. Based on the perception survey of the local communities,the existing land use pattern,status of total acquired land of the residents by hydropower projects,frequent natural hazards and resultant loss to the local communities due to upcoming construction of hydropower projects surrounding to the Parbati Stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ have been analysed in the paper. Also,the preventive measures to mitigate these adverse impacts have been suggested to strengthen these projects in eco-friendly manner in the mountain context.     

四川省旅游景区空间分布差异研究

以四川省为研究区域,利用数理统计方法及GIS技术,采用资源丰裕度指数、变异系数、均衡度指数及均衡比系数,对A级旅游景区空间分布差异进行测度。结果表明：整体层面,旅游景区空间分布均衡程度由大到小依次是5A级景区、4A级景区、3A级景区、所有景区、2A级景区;市际层面,各州市旅游景区空间分布差异较大,旅游景区分布最多、丰裕度最高的是成都;四类均衡比系数显示,交通均衡比系数较小,其次是经济均衡比,表明交通和经济因素对四川省旅游景区空间分布影响最大,经济越发达,交通越通达,旅游景区空间分布越均衡;在此差异测算基础上,提出四川省旅游景区空间布局优化建议。     

湘西北海相含铀磷块岩中硒汞矿和晶质铀矿的发现及其地质意义

在扬子陆块东南缘湘西北武陵地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组海相黑色岩系下部鲕粒磷块岩中,首次发现了似纳米级的硒汞矿和晶质铀矿。通过电子探针化学成分测定和微区解剖,显示海相磷块岩中硒汞矿和晶质铀矿的产出状态、形态特征和占位特征。研究认为,同沉积期伴随火山热液喷出形成海相沉积鲕粒状磷块岩(鲕粒中包含球滴状硒汞矿),似纳米级硒汞矿在海相磷块岩中占位于鲕粒磷结核的内部和中心。其形成后期,海底热液作用持续,磷块岩经部分溶蚀、热液脱碳,在磷块岩的微裂隙中晶质铀矿、石英共沉淀析出。海相磷块岩中硒汞矿和晶质铀矿的发现和空间占位特征的研究,对探讨磷块岩中硒汞矿和晶质铀矿的形成与海底喷流(热水)沉积作用的发生方式和成因联系有启示意义,进一步佐证扬子陆块东缘陆缘裂陷喷气沉积是发生大规模铀成矿作用的机制。     

滇西北金沙江带中基性火山岩的地球化学特征

对滇西北金沙江带出露的东竹林火山岩、辉长岩和奔子栏、维西攀天阁、石鼓地区中基性火山岩进行了系统的主量元素、微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素的地球化学研究,并对东竹林辉长岩进行了Sm-Nd等时线年龄的测定,以探讨金沙江地区的大地构造背景及其演化.研究表明,金沙江带出露的从泥盆纪到三叠纪的火山岩形成于弧后盆地、初始裂谷和岛弧等各种不同的构造环境.研究为金沙江带构造演化的多次裂开,多次俯冲消减的多岛洋模式提供了新的证据.     

多层次模糊数学法在湘西北页岩气有利区块优选中的应用

湘西北下寒武统牛蹄塘组海相页岩热成熟度高,且经历了多期复杂构造运动,这种有机质高热演化程度及复杂构造条件下的页岩气有利区块优选面临挑战。本研究对影响页岩气勘探开发潜力的各种因素进行了综合研究,确定了页岩气勘探开发潜力评价的4个二级指标(生成条件、储集条件、保存条件和综合配套条件)及相应的三级指标。采用模糊数学方法对各级因素指标赋予了权重,建立了用于页岩气勘探开发潜力评价的多层次模糊数学评判模型。利用该模型,综合评价湘西北地区鹤峰复背斜、桑植复向斜、古丈隆起、沅麻盆地和洞庭坳陷5个Ⅲ级构造单元的页岩气资源勘探开发潜力。研究表明,桑植复向斜最具勘探开发潜力,其次是鹤峰复背斜,沅麻盆地、古丈隆起与洞庭坳陷则相对最差。建立的评价体系,可以作为有机质高热演化程度及复杂构造条件下的页岩气资源开发潜力评价的参考体系。      

黔西北猫猫厂-榨子厂铅锌矿床深部找矿潜力分析

猫猫厂-榨子厂铅锌矿床位于黔西北铅锌矿集区中部,是矿集区内很具代表性的中型矿床。本文从成矿地质条件、矿化垂向变化、岩浆活动、地球物理以及与区内同类型代表性矿床对比等方面分析了矿区深部的找矿潜力。认为该区深部可能存在一定规模的原生铅锌矿体,具有较好的找矿前景。     

四川盆地西北部二叠系栖霞阶层序地层特征及地质意义

基于露头、钻井岩心和测录井资料,采用层序地层学理论与方法,将四川盆地西北部二叠系梁山组+栖霞组作为一个整体予以解剖,识别出梁山组底界面(Ⅰ型)、栖一段与栖二段界面(Ⅱ型)和栖霞组与茅口组界面(Ⅰ型)3个三级层序界面,将中二叠统栖霞阶划分为2个三级层序: 下部的SQ1层序对应梁山组+栖一段,上部的SQ2层序对应栖二段。通过栖霞阶层序地层格架分析,发现栖霞阶地层存在“底超顶削”的充填规律,统计并绘制SQ1与SQ2层序地层厚度等值线图,对研究区栖霞阶SQ1初期和SQ2期构造—古地理格局进行了恢复,在明确SQ2期为栖霞阶主要成滩期的基础上,结合岩溶发育单元及白云岩展布特征,讨论栖霞阶油气储集意义。结果表明:区内栖霞阶存在北西、北东向隆坳分异,汉南隆起、川北隆起、北缘隆起与广元—旺苍凹陷始终控制了区内沉积格局,指出广元—旺苍海槽雏形始于二叠系栖霞阶。研究区岩溶白云岩孔洞型储集层区与环广元—旺苍凹陷周缘的灰岩岩溶型储集层区为有利的勘探区。     

湘西北地区铅锌矿床成矿地质特征及矿床成因研究

湘西北铅锌矿带属于中国16个重点成矿区带之湘西-鄂西成矿带的南西段,区内成矿地质条件优越,形成保靖、洛塔、花垣渔塘、凤凰4个矿田。文章在野外考察和室内研究的基础上,以洛塔矿田中的下光荣、江家垭等铅锌矿床、花垣渔塘矿田中的李梅铅锌矿床为例,从地层、岩性、构造等分析入手,采用同位素测试、包裹体分析等手段,对湘西北铅锌矿带的成矿地质特征及成矿机制进行了探讨,认为区内成矿物质主要来源于寒武纪地层,成矿作用过程中,油田卤水在构造作用下的大规模运移、循环,导致了成矿物质的富集和沉淀,主要成矿时代为加里东期。     

滇西北贡山地区基础地质调研的主要进展

贡山地区的基础地质取得如下主要进展:①贡山地区的上古生界可划分为7个岩组,分属腾冲分区、保山分区施甸小区、保山分区澜沧小区;②独龙江花岗岩可归并为两个超单元,分属壳幔混源花岗岩和壳源花岗岩,分别形成火山弧和同碰撞环境,岩浆活动时期为晚侏罗世—晚白垩世,是班公湖-东巧-怒江结合带俯冲消减和碰撞造山的物质记录;③贡山地区发现一种与韧性剪切带密切相关,与原岩建造类型、地层层位无明显关系,具多相变质特征,构造背景为碰撞造山的区域动力热流变质作用;④位于高黎贡山主峰的韧性剪切带规模较大,明显地控制了该区上古生界和中生代花岗岩的空间分布,应为一条重要的构造分区断裂,可与区域上的班公湖-东巧-怒江结合带相连接。     

Sequence Stratigraphy of the Jurassic Coal Measures in Northwestern China

The sequence stratigraphy of the Jurassic coal measures of northwestern China has been studied based on data from outcrop and borehole sections. Because of the geological background and the diversity of basin types, such as isochronisms of coal seams and recognition of key sequence boundaries, it is rare to summarize and correlate sequence structure and framework. The types and recognition characteristics of the sequence boundaries of the Jurassic coal measures are revealed by comparing climatic characteristics, structural styles and the base level cycle. A total of five third-order sequences and 15 systems tracts have been subdivided and the sequence stratigraphic framework has been reconstructed confirming that the thick coals accumulated in the late stage of transgression system tracts of sequence I (SQ I) and sequence III (SQ III). This idea is of important academic significance for instructing coal resources exploration, and enhancing geological effects of prospecting engineering. It is also of practical significance for guaranteeing construction of the large-scale coal production base in northwestern China, accelerating the westward development of the coal industry stratagem.