四川省旅游景区空间分布差异研究

以四川省为研究区域,利用数理统计方法及GIS技术,采用资源丰裕度指数、变异系数、均衡度指数及均衡比系数,对A级旅游景区空间分布差异进行测度。结果表明：整体层面,旅游景区空间分布均衡程度由大到小依次是5A级景区、4A级景区、3A级景区、所有景区、2A级景区;市际层面,各州市旅游景区空间分布差异较大,旅游景区分布最多、丰裕度最高的是成都;四类均衡比系数显示,交通均衡比系数较小,其次是经济均衡比,表明交通和经济因素对四川省旅游景区空间分布影响最大,经济越发达,交通越通达,旅游景区空间分布越均衡;在此差异测算基础上,提出四川省旅游景区空间布局优化建议。     

1993年7—9月的全球地震动态

１９９３年第三季度，全球地震活动水平为中等偏高，明显高于上半年平均水平。日本北海道西南近海发生７．６级浅源地震，但不属于日本海沟地震。埃及西奈半岛发生５．７级地震，为今年亚欧带西段之最大地震。马里亚纳群岛发生８．１级中深震，使西北太平洋地区地震水平达到全球第一。兴都库什地区接连发生三次较大中深震，可能对我国西部地区地震活动有影响。墨西哥恰帕斯州近海发生７．３级地震，美洲带新的地震活动轮回正式开始。印度南部发生６．３级中强震，属于板内地震。     

Carbonate deposits on submerged seamounts in the northwestern Pacific Ocean

Abstract   The lithology of shallow-water carbonates collected from 19 sites on 16 seamounts in six areas of the northwestern Pacific Ocean using the Deep-sea Boring Machine System are described. The areas include the Amami Plateau, Daito Ridge, Oki-Daito Ridge, Urdaneta Plateau, Kyushu-Palau Ridge and Ogasawara Plateau. Chronological constraint is provided by calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, larger foraminiferal biostratigraphy and strontium (Sr) isotope stratigraphy. Large amounts of shallow-water carbonates accumulated on the seamounts during the Oligocene, a relatively cool period, whereas limited carbonate deposits formed during the Early Miocene, a relatively warm period. This might indicate that deposition of shallow-water carbonates on seamounts in the northwestern Pacific Ocean was not necessarily controlled by climatic conditions, but was related to volcanism and tectonics that served as foundations for reef/carbonate-platform formation. Remarkable differences in biotic composition exist between Cretaceous and Cenozoic shallow-water carbonates. Late Cretaceous shallow-water carbonates are distinguished by the occurrence of rudists, solenoporacean algae and microencrusters. Middle Eocene to Early Oligocene shallow-water carbonates are dominated by Halimeda or nummulitid and discocyclinid larger foraminifers. Scleractinian corals became common from the Oligocene onward. Nongeniculate coralline algae and larger foraminifers were common to abundant throughout the Eocene to the Pleistocene. The replacement of major carbonate producers in the shallow-water carbonate factory during post-Cretaceous time is in accordance with previous studies and is considered to reflect a shift in seawater chemistry.     

滇西北点苍山蛇绿混杂岩的发现及意义

点苍山西坡李子坪村分布有较多橄榄岩，围岩是一套中浅变质岩系，其中有斜长角闪岩、变质钠长花岗岩。这些岩石的岩相学、岩石化学及地球化学均显示蛇绿混杂岩特征，暗示点苍山西坡有古特提斯洋壳的残片存在。     

Hydrography and circulation in the northwestern Bay of Bengal during the retreat of southwest monsoon

The distribution of temperature and salinity in the upper 500 m of the northwestern Bay of Bengal, adjoining the east coast of India, during the retreat of southwest monsoon (September) of 1983 is presented. This study reveals coastal upwelling (limited to the upper 40 m) induced by the local winds. Waters of higher surface salinity near the coast characterize the upwelling. The freshwater influx near the head of the Bay diluted the surface salinity to as low as 26.0 × 10⁻³. The surface circulation was weak and led to a net transport of 2.0 × 10⁶m³.s⁻¹ directed towards northeast.     

中国西北夏季降水量与500hPa纬偏场的特征分析

选取中国西北５省区（陕、甘、宁、青、新）具有代表性的、分布相对均匀的１２９个测站、１９５９－１９８９年６－８月总降水量资料，利用ＥＯＦ方法进行分解。以特征向量和载荷量的空间分布特征，将中国西北夏季降水量场分布５种空间分布型，从不同方面反映其空间变化特征。     

Bio-organic Geochemical Characteristics of Gold Deposits in Northwestern Guangxi and Their Metallogenetic Significance

The gold deposits of Triassic period in the northwestern Guangxi are all located in the marine, fine-grained ,fragmental rock series containing organic matter , i.e. the distribution districts of black rock series . The fine-grained gold deposits occur in organic matter-bearing C, D, E, or D, E divisions of the classical Bouma sequences. The evolution degree of organic matters through oil window stage reached the over-mature degree. Both the bio-sources of the organic matters and the distribution of gold in the organic matters disclose the close association between gold, living beings and organic matters. The thermal evolution of organic matters led to the gold to be activized , migrated and enriched , and finally formed gold deposits in the fault belt and crushed zone of black rock series.     

黔西北青山铅锌矿床主要控矿断裂构造岩-岩相分带模式

青山铅锌矿床是黔西北矿集区内威宁-水城成矿亚带的典型矿床之一，矿体产出严格受构造和岩性双重因素控制。含矿断裂带中构造岩既是构造变形作用的载体，也是相应变形环境的受体，其具有显著的分带特征。针对斜落走滑构造环境下弱蚀变构造岩与热液成矿成生联系研究的薄弱环节，基于构造岩-岩相学填图方法以及不同岩相带内节理、裂隙构造解析，系统采集不同构造岩-岩相带内定向构造岩样品，进行显微构造与地球化学分析，剖析不同岩相带内构造岩类型、物质组成、内部结构、构造及其分带特征，构建了该矿床构造岩-岩相分带模式，即从矿体向外，依次为:张裂岩相带→泥化相带（一、三中段及以上）→扭裂岩相带→压裂岩相带。扭裂岩相带内发育黄铁矿化、铅锌矿化、方解石化、弱白云石化，压裂岩相带内主要发育方解石化，矿化蚀变随着远离矿体呈现出从强变弱的变化规律，成矿环境也随着温度逐渐降低，呈现氧化→弱氧化-弱还原→还原的变化特征。同时，结合宏观和显微构造应力场分析，认为矿体外侧不同类型的构造岩是在统一构造应力场作用下，因不同位置的局部应力场变化而形成的不同类型的构造岩，发育在北西向断裂下盘的次级断裂不仅控制了矿体定位和形态产状，也控制了其外侧构造岩-岩相带。      

Inherent relationship of the USLE,RUSLE topographic factor algorithms and its impact on soil erosion modelling

ABSTRACT

The accurate representation of the Earth’s surface plays a vital role in soil erosion modelling. Topography is parameterized in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and Revised USLE (RUSLE) by the topographic (LS) factor. For slope gradients of < 20%, soil loss values are similar for both models, but when the gradient is increased, RUSLE estimates are only half of those of USLE. The study aims to assess the validity of this statement for complex hillslope profiles. To that end, both models were applied at eight diverse mountainous sub-watersheds. The USLE and RUSLE indices were estimated utilizing the SEAGIS model and a European dataset, respectively. LS factors were in a 3:1 ratio (i.e. USLE:RUSLE) considering the entire basin area. For areas with slopes <20%, gross erosion estimates of both models converged. Sites of strong relief (>20%) USLE yielded significantly higher values than RUSLE.     

赣西北修水、武宁地区中新生代“红盆”地质时代和沉积相研究

通过新发现的古生物资料分析,确定了赣西北修水、武宁地区的武宁、三都及马坳盆地的地层时代。对3个盆地的沉积相进行了详细的划分和描述,查明其为冲积扇沉积类型;划分出22个岩相,归属于泥石流、泥流、颗粒流、水道(包括主水道和分枝水道2个次级类型)、片流、筛积和洪泛7个沉积类型。重力流沉积分布在扇根或主要沉积旋回的底部,其类型的差别与邻近物源区的岩性有关;分枝水道、片流及筛积主要分布在扇中,交错层理及砾石叠瓦状构造发育,主要呈现牵引流特征;扇缘主要为洪泛沉积夹少量决口扇成因的砂砾岩透镜体,钙结壳发育,反映了一种干旱强蒸发的古气候环境。