西北地区矿产资源潜力地球化学评价中成矿元素异常的圈定方法

地球化学方法是矿产资源潜力评价的重要手段,特别是在资源潜力预测评价的潜力区优选中尤为重要。但在工作实践中发现,用统一的异常下限圈定异常,常常会出现“有矿无异常或有异常无矿”的信息错位,给资源潜力地球化学评价工作中的异常定位造成困惑。经过对比分析认为：应用经滑动平均处理得到的滑动平均衬值数据绘制等量线图和相应的异常图,是解决区域性地球化学评价工作中异常信息错位的有效手段。在西北地区(包括各省区),滑动平均窗口大小选择49km×49km为宜。经过这种数据处理后圈定的异常图可以有效地解决异常信息错位现象,明显压制高背景异常,突出低背景区的弱小异常,同时也很好地显示了区域异常带的展布规律,间接地反映了区域构造和控矿构造的空间特征。     

冀西北水泉沟碱性杂岩体成岩时代研究

采用高分辨率离子探针 (SHRIMP)对水泉沟碱性杂岩体锆石U Pb的分析结果表明 ,东坪金矿区二长岩和后沟金矿区正长岩年龄分别为 ( 390± 6)和 ( 386± 7)Ma ,两者几乎同时形成 ,并构成了一个大的复式岩基 ,即水泉沟碱性杂岩基。结合有关矿床形成的年代学资料 ,认为水泉沟碱性杂岩仅仅作为金矿床的围岩 ,与东坪和后沟等金矿床之间不存在直接的成因联系。     

Ore-forming fluids in the dongping gold deposit, northwestern Hebei Province

The Dongping gold deposit is contained within an inner contacting zone of the Hercynian Shuiquangou alkali syenite. The ores occur as veins or as replacement bodies. Fluid inclusion observation shows that in early and main mineralizing stages inclusion types are gas and gas-liquid inclusions, respectively. Gas inclusions occur in isolation in vein quartz, their homog-enization temperature is 372-306°C, and salinity 3.7-1.0 wt% NaCl. Gas-liquid inclusions occur in clusters or healed fractures but do not cut quartz boundary with homogenization temperature 342-267°C and salinity 1.9-0.8 wt% NaCl. Stable isotope measurements show that at main gold mineralization, hydrogen and oxygen isotopic ratios of the mineralizing fluids are -70.8‰-108.4‰ and 2.44‰-4.05‰, respectively. Primary ore fluids in Dongping are higher temperature and lower salinity NaCl-CO₂-H₂O fluids, and come from Yanshanian granitic magmatism. Fluid im-miscibility, fluid-rock interactions and meteoric water adding were main reasons for gold deposition.     

滇西北兰坪盆地金满脉状铜矿床绢云母^40Ar-^39Ar年龄对成矿时代的约束

处于印度大陆与亚洲大陆主碰撞带北东侧的兰坪盆地西缘的金满铜矿床，产于中生代陆相沉积砂岩、泥岩中，以其属新类型陆相喷流铜矿床而引起人们的关注。关于其成矿时代至今仍然存在争论。采用常规^40Ar/^39Ar阶段升温测年法对金满铜矿床主矿体旁侧的含铜热液蚀变矿物绢云母进行了测试，获得3组视平均年龄分别为88Ma、67Ma、37Ma。结合兰坪盆地区域地质成矿背景，认为金满铜矿成矿经历了早期67Ma的成矿作用和晚期37Ma的成矿叠加作用，后者代表了金满铜矿的主要形成年龄。金满铜矿床的2期成矿年龄可能是印～藏碰撞(古新世)和走滑～拉分(始新世)等重大地质构造事件在矿床中留下的同位素年龄信息．暗示着古新世时期的构造作用和始新世时期的构造-岩浆-成矿活动对兰坪盆地的作用。     

The attenuation mechanism of seismic waves in northwestern Himalayas

We analysed local earthquake waveforms recorded on a broad-band seismic network in northwestern Himalayas to compute the intrinsic and scattered attenuation parameters from coda waves. Similar to other tectonically active and heterogeneous regions, attenuation-frequency relation for western Himalaya is   Q ⁻¹ _c = (113 ± 7)  f ^(1.01±0.05)  where   Q_c   is the coda Q parameter. Intrinsic  ( Q ⁻¹ _i )  and scattering  ( Q ⁻¹ _s )  attenuations was separated using   Q_c   and direct S -wave Q data  ( Q_d )  . It is observed that estimated   Q ⁻¹ _c   is close to   Q ⁻¹ _i   and both of them are much larger than   Q ⁻¹ _s   suggesting that coda decay is predominantly caused by intrinsic attenuation. At higher frequencies, both the attenuation parameters   Q_c   and,   Q_d   are similar indicating that coda is predominantly composed of back-scattered S waves at these frequencies.     

川西北磁组构演化及其揭示的应变特征

对龙门山褶皱冲断带北段前锋带至四川盆地边缘的川西北地区进行了磁组构研究.在江油和广元之间,沿着垂直于龙门山构造走向的4条采样路线,在18个采样点钻取了173个定向样品,样品采自侏罗纪和白垩纪砂岩及粉砂质泥岩.综合分析表明川西北磁组构反映的是新生代的变形,并在研究区域内总结出了3类磁组构:沉积磁组构、初始变形磁组构和铅笔状磁组构.除沉积磁组构之外的所有采样点样品的K1优势方向都是NE-SW向,说明研究区域的最大主压应力方向为NW-SE向,主要来源于龙门山褶皱冲断带.在垂直于龙门山褶皱冲断带构造走向上,从四川盆地到龙门山前锋,磁组构由沉积磁组构逐渐变为初始变形磁组构,直至铅笔状磁组构,说明盆地内部应变十分微弱,靠近造山带应变逐渐增强,且侏罗纪、白垩纪以来研究区的构造变形主要集中在造山带边缘或者还未传递到盆地内部.     

冻结期和冻融期土壤水分运移特征分析

西北内陆盆地冻结期和冻融期几乎占全年时间的1/2,该时期土壤水分运移特点与非冻结期存在较大差异.本文根据北疆昌吉平原区土壤水分运移观测试验,分析了冻结期和冻融期土壤水势分布和土壤含水量变化规律及其与潜水的转化关系,并阐述了冻融水的生态环境意义.     

中国西北部南北向伸展构造存在的新证据——酒泉早白垩世半地堑断陷成因初探

酒泉早白垩世半地堑断陷呈南北向或北东向展布，进一步分为多米诺骨牌式、对倾式和背倾式三种。其充填物明显地受近南北向或北东向正断裂控制，其中的火山岩均为碱性玄武岩，可能由地幔熔融形成。初步认为，酒泉半地堑断陷是早白垩世陆内地幔热隆诱发的近南北向伸展构造。在新生代，由于印度板块的挤压作用，北祁连山前展式北向推覆作用可能使早白垩世半地堑断陷的南部地区转换成山脉，现今的半地堑南部边界被掩伏于北祁连山之下；同时，印度板块的挤压作用使控制半地堑沉积体系的近南北向或北东向正断裂转换为逆冲断裂．发生反转。     

Sensitivity of seismic hazard evaluations to uncertainties determined from seismic source characterization

The sensitivity and overall uncertainty in peak ground acceleration (PGA)estimates have been calculated for the city of Tabriz, northwestern Iran byusing a specific randomized blocks design. Eight seismic hazard models andparameters with randomly selected uncertainties at two levels have beenconsidered and then a linear model between predicted PGA at a givenprobability level and the uncertainties has been performed. The inputmodels and parameters are those related to the attenuation, magnituderupture-length and recurrence relationships with their uncertainties.Application of this procedure to the studied area indicates that effects ofthe simultaneous variation of all eight input models and parameters on thesensitivity of the seismic hazard can be investigated with a decreasingnumber of computations for all possible combinations at a fixed annualprobability. The results show that the choice of a mathematical model ofthe source mechanism, attenuation relationships and the definition ofseismic parameters are most critical in estimating the sensitivity of seismichazard evaluation, in particular at low levels of probability of exceedance.The overall uncertainty in the expected PGA for an annual probability of0.0021 (10% exceedence in 50 yr) is expressed by a coefficient ofvariation (CV) of about 34% at 68% confidence level for a distance ofabout 5km from the field of the major faults. The CV will decrease withincreasing site-source distance and remains constant, CV = 15%, fordistances larger than 15 km. Finally, treating alternative models on theoverall uncertainty are investigated by additional outliers in input decision.     

四川资源、环境与卫星遥感应用的战略思考

通过对资源、环境与可持续发展的辩证认识，结合对四川省资源、环境现状的分析，提出卫星遥感应用是四川资源、环境可持续发展的高技术支撑，并对其应用前景和效益进行了预测分析。