北山成矿构造背景概论

北山地区可划分为星星峡-明水-旱山微板块和敦煌微板块,二者以红柳河-牛圈子-洗肠井缝合带为界。古陆裂解初期的寒武纪浅海具有形成磷钒铀锰沉积矿产的有利背景;奥陶纪洋盆和弧后盆地具备形成海相火山-沉积岩系有关铜锌矿的有利背景,被动陆缘裂谷具备形成海相沉积岩系有关铅锌银矿的有利背景;志留—泥盆纪岛弧火山建造具备形成斑岩铜矿的有利背景;石炭—二叠纪陆内裂谷具备形成火山沉积铁矿、斑岩铜矿、基性-超基性岩有关铜镍矿的有利背景;各单元古陆壳活化重熔型花岗岩具形成钨锡稀有金属矿的有利背景。     

ArcGIS证据权模型在铜矿成矿预测中的应用 ——以博格达-哈尔里克成矿带为例

本文选择博格达-哈尔里克一带作为研究区,从区域成矿地质背景入手,鉴于该地区已知成型铜矿床较少,成矿规律研究薄弱,故作者采用ArcGIS平台下的证据权模型(WofE),以数据驱动方式为主,从断裂构造、沉积岩相与建造、火山岩建造、侵入岩岩性等方面,以学生化反差S(C)作为有利因子衡量指标,对各控矿因素进行影响程度分类,利用加权逻辑斯回归模型计算成矿后验概率,根据后验概率值的大小进行成矿远景区的圈定和分级,在博格达-哈尔里克成矿带内共圈定7个成矿远景区。最后结合区域化探资料进行了验证,结果显示所圈定的铜矿成矿远景区内化探异常明显,与Cu元素异常套合较好,说明ArcGIS证据权模型能很好地为区域矿产预测提供良好的技术支撑,为研究区铜矿找矿方向提供理论依据,文中所总结的基于ArcGIS平台的证据权计算方法流程也为区域矿产预测提供了方法借鉴。     

Structure and metamorphism of the Calliope Volcanic Assemblage: Implications for middle to Late Devonian orogeny in the northern New England Fold Belt

The Late Silurian to Middle Devonian Calliope Volcanic Assemblage in the Rockhampton region is deformed into a set of northwest‐trending gently plunging folds with steep axial plane cleavage. Folds become tighter and cleavage intensifies towards the bounding Yarrol Fault to the east. These folds and associated cleavage also deformed Carboniferous and Permian rocks, and the age of this deformation is Middle to Late Permian (Hunter‐Bowen Orogeny). In the Stanage Bay area, both the Calliope Volcanic Assemblage and younger strata generally have one cleavage, although here it strikes north to northeast. This cleavage is also considered to be of Hunter‐Bowen age. Metamorphic grade in the Calliope Volcanic Assemblage ranges from prehnite‐pumpellyite to greenschist facies, with higher grades in the more strongly cleaved rocks. In the Rockhampton region the Calliope Volcanic Assemblage is part of a west‐vergent fold and thrust belt, the Yarrol Fault representing a major thrust within this system.

A Late Devonian unconformity followed minor folding of the Calliope Volcanic Assemblage, but no cleavage was formed. The unconformity does not represent a collision between an exotic island arc and continental Australia as previously suggested.     

粉质粘土中的刚性桩在横向载荷作用下失稳的模型试验研究

为解释横向载荷作用下刚性桩的失稳机理,针对桩头自由的刚性桩做了一系列横向加载试验。基础土为粉质粘土,含水量介于9.85 %～13.85 %之间。由载荷-位移全过程曲线发现,刚性桩在横向载荷达到一定值时会失稳;由试验录像及土体剖面发现,由于土体的软化破坏,在桩后土体内会出现贯穿的局部破坏并形成一楔体,同时在土面伴随一不完全的椭圆形鼓包及一条平行于加载方向的拉伸裂缝,而在桩前土中,由于桩的挤压会形成一条侵彻沟。分析认为,对大位移刚性桩桩后土体的破坏是桩失稳的根本原因。     

Metamorphic petrology and zircon geochronology of high-grade rocks from the central Mozambique Belt of Tanzania: crustal recycling of Archean and Palaeoproterozoic material during the Pan-African orogeny

New data on the metamorphic petrology and zircon geochronology of high‐grade rocks in the central Mozambique Belt (MB) of Tanzania show that this part of the orogen consists of Archean and Palaeoproterozoic material that was structurally reworked during the Pan‐African event. The metamorphic rocks are characterized by a clockwise P–T path, followed by strong decompression, and the time of peak granulite facies metamorphism is similar to other granulite terranes in Tanzania. The predominant rock types are mafic to intermediate granulites, migmatites, granitoid orthogneisses and kyanite/sillimanite‐bearing metapelites. The meta‐granitoid rocks are of calc‐alkaline composition, range in age from late Archean to Neoproterozoic, and their protoliths were probably derived from magmatic arcs during collisional processes. Mafic to intermediate granulites consist of the mineral assemblage garnet–clinopyroxene–plagioclase–quartz–biotite–amphibole ± K‐feldspar ± orthopyroxene ± oxides. Metapelites are composed of garnet‐biotite‐plagioclase ± K‐feldspar ± kyanite/sillimanite ± oxides. Estimated values for peak granulite facies metamorphism are 12–13 kbar and 750–800 °C. Pressures of 5–8 kbar and temperatures of 550–700 °C characterize subsequent retrogression to amphibolite facies conditions. Evidence for a clockwise P–T path is provided by late growth of sillimanite after kyanite in metapelites. Zircon ages indicate that most of the central part of the MB in Tanzania consists of reworked ancient crust as shown by Archean (c. 2970–2500 Ma) and Palaeoproterozoic (c. 2124–1837 Ma) protolith ages. Metamorphic zircon from metapelites and granitoid orthogneisses yielded ages of c. 640 Ma which are considered to date peak regional granulite facies metamorphism during the Pan‐African orogenic event. However, the available zircon ages for the entire MB in East Africa and Madagascar also document that peak metamorphic conditions were reached at different times in different places. Large parts of the MB in central Tanzania consist of Archean and Palaeoproterozoic material that was reworked during the Pan‐African event and that may have been part of the Tanzania Craton and Usagaran domain farther to the west.     

辽宁岫岩地区岫玉成矿规律探讨

岫岩是我国主要蛇纹石玉产地,辽河群大石桥组大理岩层是岫岩玉石矿最重要的蕴矿层位,矿体严格受地层中韧性变形变质构造带和元古宙花岗岩的控制。在岫岩不仅产有蛇纹石岫玉,还产出透闪石岫玉。矿体形态呈不规则脉状及透镜状产出。岫岩地区的岫玉矿床成因应属于热液交代蚀变矿床类型。     

越南西北部地区Sinh Quyen岩组副片麻岩的锆石年龄及其地质意义

在大地构造位置上, 越南西北部地区是古特提斯造山带东段重要的组成部分, 并记录了印支陆块和华南板块碰撞拼合历史.其构造归属是厘定该地区古特提斯板块缝合带位置的关键.报道了出露的基底岩石Sinh Quyen岩组副片麻岩的碎屑锆石年龄, 探讨其沉积物源和归属问题.该岩组主要由长英质副片麻岩和混合岩等岩石类型构成, 被认为是越南西北部中元古代—古元古代基底岩石.采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法分析了3个长英质副片麻岩样品的116粒碎屑锆石.123个分析点锆石年龄的统计结果显示, 碎屑锆石形成时代主要集中在约1.8 Ga左右, 有少量约2.2~3.0 Ga中太古代碎屑锆石, 暗示Sinh Quyen副片麻岩沉积物源主要为早古元古代基底岩石.基底岩石在形成时间上与华南板块古老基底相似, 推断Sinh Quyen岩组在构造归属上可能来自华南板块.部分碎屑锆石边部记录约250 Ma变质增生作用, 可能与华南板块—印支板块的印支期拼合有关, 记录了古特提斯造山作用.      

新疆东天山南缘富钾硝酸盐盐湖成矿带地质特征及资源潜力

新疆东部是中国主要的盐类矿床聚集区,在东天山南缘形成了巨大的富钾硝酸盐盐湖成矿带。文章在系统总结东天山南缘富钾硝酸盐成矿带地质特征、成矿条件特征和晶间卤水特征的基础上,分析了富钾硝酸盐矿床成矿的地质条件、物质来源和气候因素,以及已有矿床的资源状况和资源潜力,指出富钾硝酸盐矿床是一种特殊类型的盐类矿床,特殊的构造条件是该类矿床物质来源和成矿作用发生的重要因素,晶间卤水和层间、裂隙卤水具有较大的资源潜力。加强该区富钾硝酸盐矿床的研究和勘查评价工作,不仅可以丰富中国陆相盐类矿床成盐理论,而且可以为罗布泊钾盐基地提供后续资源保障,同时也有利于新疆新型钾、氮肥工业基地的建立。     

中生代复杂构造体系的成矿过程与成矿作用——以华北大陆北缘西拉木伦钼铜多金属成矿带为例

西拉木伦钼铜多金属成矿带处于华北克拉通与中亚造山带的过渡区,是古生代古亚洲构造域与中生代西太平洋构造域的交汇部位。在中生代受多种构造体系的制约,如中亚造山带造山后期局部伸展、蒙古-鄂霍茨克俯冲-碰撞造山作用、古太平洋板块的向西俯冲和中国东部岩石圈减薄事件的影响等。西拉木伦成矿带成矿斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄和辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄资料显示,钼铜矿成岩成矿主要集中在260～220Ma、180～150Ma和140～120Ma三个时期。结合华北克拉通北缘构造演化历史,推测这三期成矿作用主要与造山后局部伸展、构造体系转折和陆内伸展(岩石圈减薄)过程有关,并相应建立了"车户沟式"、"鸡冠山式"和"敖伦花式"三类斑岩钼铜矿床成矿模式。进一步研究表明,岩石的酸碱性、岩浆来源、岩浆的氧逸度、岩浆演化方式、构造背景等因素,制约了成矿作用的专属性。     

河南焦作云台山早前寒武纪变质基底锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄

应用离子探针技术,对华北太行山南缘钾长石化长英质副片麻岩和钾长石化片麻状奥长花岗岩进行了锆石年龄测定。钾长石化长英质副片麻岩的变质原岩为泥砂质碎屑沉积岩,其形成时代很可能为新太古代。碎屑锆石普遍存在强烈铅丢失,靠近上交点的5个数据点207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为3399Ma±8Ma,代表了物源区组成的时代。钾长石化片麻状奥长花岗岩2组锆石207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄分别为2511Ma±13Ma(岩体形成时代)和2735Ma±16Ma(残余锆石年龄),分别代表该岩体形成时代和残余锆石年龄。新的资料支持了华北克拉通中部造山带太古宙地质体与其东部陆块存在亲缘关系的认识。