Paleohydrology and paleoclimate records in a saline prairie lake core: mineral,isotope and organic indicators

This pilot study examines the potential of obtaining a sedimentary record of paleoenvironmental/climatic/hydrologic conditions for saline Redberry Lake in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. The tools are mineralogy, stable isotopes and pigments. The upper meter of an offshore sediment core contains 10 to 20% by weight aragonite (CaCO₃), which apparently precipitated in the water column. The ¹⁸O and ¹³C of the bulk aragonite (corrected for content of detrital calcite) vary by 4 to 5. Enrichment in ¹⁸O in aragonite is significantly correlated with pigment concentrations (chlorophyll a, phaeophytin). The ¹⁸O and pigment data provide evidence for relatively dry and/or warm conditions and high limnetic productivity for the period 2500 to 1500 yrs B.P. After 1500 B.P., the climate was apparently similar to the present, with two episodes of relatively enhanced productivity, dryness and/or warmth, at around 1000 to 900 and 500 to 200 B.P. During the past century, Redberry Lake has decreased approximately 8 m in depth and its salinity has doubled. No clear sedimentary signal was observed in response to these recent hydrologic trends. These changes have not been associated with a significant climate trend in the region, but may have been induced by land use changes in the catchment.This publication is the third of a series of papers presented at the Conference on Sedimentary and Paleolimnological Records of Saline Lakes. This Conference was held August 13–16, 1991 at the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. Dr. Evans is serving as Guest Editor for this series.     

腾格里沙漠地区水化学特征

水资源极为匮乏的腾格里沙漠区内所赋存的水主要有两种类型。一种是沙下潜水 ,主要是周边山区由高向低缓慢地向沙漠区运移所致 ,分布较为普遍 ;另一种是沙漠湖水 ,它是在沙漠区内之低洼地段 ,由于沙下潜水的长期溢出汇集于大小不等的长条状湖泊之中 ,以湖表水 (咸水和卤水 )的形式存在。沙下潜水矿化度在 0 .5～ 1 g/L之间 ,为本区的饮用水。湖表水咸苦 ,矿化度较高 ,就同一湖区而言 ,也有咸水和卤水之分 ,咸水矿化度为每升数十克 ,卤水则在 1 0 0～ 440 g/L之间 ,已达到了盐湖类沉积阶段     

有关湖泊沉积137Cs深度分布资料解译的探讨

讨论了国内有关湖泊沉积^137Cs断代资料解译的一些问题。一些高寒地区的湖泊,上世纪60年代主核爆期以后,入湖泥沙的^137Cs含量变化不大,因此沉积剖面^137Cs浓度达峰值后无明显降低趋势。一些浅水湖泊,由于人类活动扰动湖底表层泥沙,剖面表层泥沙的^137Cs浓度比较均一。根据核尘埃沉降监测资料,中国湖泊沉积应存在明显的1963年^137Cs蓄积峰,不应存在所谓的1974年^137Cs次蓄积峰,可能存在不很明显的1986年次蓄积峰。沉积剖面中^137Cs浓度的深度变化,不仅和”’CS大气沉降通量变化有关,也和流域内近几十年来的环境变化有关,1963年以后的^137Cs次蓄积峰的确定要慎重。黔中红枫湖沉积物^137Cs面积活度高于滇西湖泊,主要是由于石漠化严重的喀斯特山地,裸岩面积大,裸岩坡地几无土壤吸附^137Cs尘埃,核爆期间^137Cs降尘随降雨径流直接流失进入湖泊比例高的缘故,不是青藏高原的大气污染物散落屏蔽效应的结果。     

云南洱海炭屑记录揭示的近千年来古火演化历史

中国云南地区是森林火灾多发的典型区域, 了解该地区近千年来古火灾的演化历史及其驱动机制对于未来区域森林火灾的防护与治理以及生物多样性的保护具有重要的科学意义。本研究以滇西北地区洱海湖泊的3个沉积岩芯(EHB1岩芯, 58.5 cm; EHN1岩芯, 78.5 cm; EHB2岩芯, 80 cm)为研究对象, 通过对沉积物中高分辨率炭屑记录的分析, 基于 ²¹⁰Pb/¹³⁷Cs和加速器质谱法(AMS)¹⁴C测年技术建立的年代序列, 重建了洱海地区近千年来的古火演化历史。研究结果表明, 基于洱海湖泊沉积岩芯上部大炭屑指标重建的火事件与现代森林火灾记载资料的对比, 确定了大炭屑指标反映湖泊周围约10 km范围即大理市的古火活动情况, 验证了炭屑记录在重建古火灾活动方面的可靠性。古火历史的重建结果显示近千年来洱海地区共发生20次火事件, 其主要集中在1200~1350 A.D.期间和1540~2000 A.D.期间; 近千年来, 洱海地区古火活动的强度整体上呈现先降后升的趋势, 其中火事件的发生频率及其强度在近100年均达到千年来的最高值, 分别对应10次/300年和652.4粒/cm²/peak。炭屑记录和古火活动与区域高分辨率气候记录、植被状况以及人口历史资料的相关分析、冗余分析(RDA)和对比分析结果表明, 大理州人口变化是洱海地区近千年来古火活动最重要的驱动因子, 其次为区域降雨量和植被类型, 温度和植物量则对区域古火活动的影响较小。

     

Effect of a thermokarst lake on soil physical properties and infiltration processes in the permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China

Changes in the hydrological processes in alpine soil constitute one of the several key problems encountered with studying watershed hydrology and ecosystem stability against the background of global warming. A typically developing thermokarst lake was chosen as a subject for a study using model simulation based on observations of soil physical properties, infiltration processes, and soil moisture. The results showed that the selected thermokarst lake imposed certain changes on the soil infiltration processes and, with the degree of impact intensifying, the initial infiltration rate decreased. The greatest reduction was achieved in the area of moderate impact. However, the stable infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration gradually increased in the surface layer at a depth of 10 and 20 cm, both decreasing initially and then increasing, which is correlated significantly with soil textures. Moreover, the cumulative infiltration changed in line with steady infiltration rate. Based on a comparative analysis, the Horton model helps better understand the effect on the soil infiltration processes of the cold alpine meadow close to the chosen thermokarst lake. In conclusion, the formation of the thermokarst lake reduced the water holding capacity of the alpine meadow soil and caused the hydraulic conductivity to increase, resulting in the reduction of runoff capacity in the area of the thermokarst lake.     

THE HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND WATER BUDGET OF QINGHAI LAKE DRAINAGE BASIN

The rapid shrinkage of the surface area reflects the long-term deficit water budget of Qinghai Lake. Study of the yearly hydrology and meteorology in the lake catchment basin and the hydrologic factors as well as water budget led to the conclusion that evaporation exceeding the water input resulted in the drop of lake level, thai the obvious decrease of runoff to the lake and precipitation on the catchment accelerated the falling of lake level before 1987. and that increase of about 6.7% in rainfall on the whole basin will balance the lake's water budget.     

马海盐湖高含泥、低品位地表固体钾矿矿浆絮凝沉降试验研究

研究了非离子聚丙烯酰胺、阴离子聚丙烯酰胺、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺、聚氧化乙烯、聚合氯化铝等絮凝剂对马海盐湖泥湖高不溶物矿浆的絮凝沉降效果,给出了研究结果。此项研究对高不溶物可溶盐矿物母液的回收利用有一定的参考价值。     

即墨地区莱阳群底部止凤庄组地质特征及其碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄地质意义

为了了解盆地沉积初期的物源特征,对位于胶莱盆地东缘即墨地区早白垩世莱阳群止凤庄组沉积特征、物质组成及碎屑锆石进行了U-Pb同位素测年研究。野外调查表明,止凤庄组为一套陆源碎屑沉积,具有近源沉积的特点。南泊一带止凤庄组底部碎屑岩碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄介于233~734 Ma,年龄分布于5个区间,呈现明显的幕式特征,至少记录了2次重要的构造热事件。侵入于止凤庄组石英二长岩的锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为(123.50±0.95)Ma,限定了止凤庄组地层沉积上限年龄为123.50 Ma。综合分析认为,止凤庄组物源主要来自苏鲁造山带,部分来自扬子板块。这有助于了解胶莱盆地沉积初期其物源区苏鲁造山带的地体情况。     

基于地理探测器的喀斯特不同地貌形态类型区土壤侵蚀定量归因（英文）

The formation mechanism and influencing factors identification of soil erosion are the core and frontier issues of current research. However, studies on the multi-factor synthesis are still relatively lacked. In this study, the simulation of soil erosion and its quantitative attribution analysis have been conducted in different geomorphological types in a typical karst basin based on the RUSLE model and the geodetector method. The influencing factors, such as land use type, slope, rainfall, elevation, lithology and vegetation cover, have been taken into consideration. Results show that the strength of association between the six influencing factors and soil erosion was notably different in diverse geomorphological types. Land use type and slope were the dominant factors of soil erosion in the Sancha River Basin, especially for land use type whose power of determinant(q value) for soil erosion was much higher than other factors. The q value of slope declined with the increase of relief in mountainous areas, namely it was ranked as follows: middle elevation hill> small relief mountain> middle relief mountain. Multi-factors interactions were proven to significantly strengthen soil erosion, particularly for the combination of land use type with slope, which can explain 70% of soil erosion distribution. It can be found that soil erosion in the same land use type with different slopes(such as dry land with slopes of 5° and above 25°) or in the diverse land use types with the same slope(such as dry land and forest with a slope of 5°), varied much. These indicate that prohibiting steep slope cultivation and Grain for Green Project are reasonable measures to control soil erosion in karst areas. Based on statistics of soil erosion difference between diverse stratifications of each influencing factor, results of risk detector suggest that the amount of stratification combinations with significant difference accounted for 55% at least in small relief mountain and middle relief mountainous areas. Therefore, the spatial heterogeneity of soil erosion and its influencing factors in different geomorphological types should be investigated to control karst soil loss more effectively.