扬子陆块北缘上两地区二长花岗岩成因：锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素及地球化学制约

本文通过对扬子陆块北缘上两地区二长花岗岩年代学、Hf同位素及地球化学研究,限定其形成时代、物质来源以及所处的大地构造环境。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明上两地区二长花岗岩形成于新元古代早期,年龄为909±5Ma。锆石Hf同位素显示二长花岗岩的ε_(Hf)(t)既有正值也有负值,在-6~+3.4之间,变化较大。tDM2变化于1570~2156Ma,平均值为1802Ma,当ε_(Hf)(t)为最小负值-6.0时,tDM2为2156Ma。表明其物源主要是约1800Ma新生地壳的部分熔融,混染了部分古老地壳。地球化学显示,二长花岗岩的SiO_2含量较高,平均值达75.46%,均属亚碱性系列,且均为铝质过饱和(A/CNK=0.93~1.29);轻稀土富集,微量元素原始地幔蛛网图中显示富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)、具有明显的Nb、Ta负异常,并具有与上部陆壳非常相似的蛛网图曲线,在花岗岩的构造环境判别图解中落入弧花岗岩区,其应是扬子陆块北缘大陆边缘弧岩浆的产物。     

柴达木盆地北缘西段嗷唠山辉长闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及岩石地球化学特征

本文对柴达木盆地北缘西段嗷唠山辉长闪长岩进行了系统的年代学和地球化学研究,分析其成因,并对晚古生代柴北缘构造属性特征给予补充。研究表明,嗷唠山辉长闪长岩具低SiO_2、K_2O值,富钠、富铝、高Mg#等特征。测试样品富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K等,亏损高场强元素Ta、Nb、Ti、P等,∑LREE/∑HREE和(La/Yb)N值均较低,具有较微弱的负Eu异常至正Eu异常。稀土元素配分曲线显示,相对同期中酸性岩浆岩而言,曲线更为平坦,轻重稀土分异程度较低。通过锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb定年,获得了辉长闪长岩样品加权平均年龄为370.4±3.4Ma,对应于古生代晚泥盆世岩浆活动。主、微量元素地球化学特征分析表明,岩石具有岛弧或活动大陆边缘岩浆岩的属性,可能起源于受地壳物质混染,并受俯冲流体交代的岩石圈地幔区。总结前人对柴北缘新元古代—古生代洋壳俯冲、陆陆碰撞的构造背景分析,并结合本次地球化学构造环境判别,认为嗷唠山辉长闪长岩形成于造山期后岩石圈拆沉所导致的拉张、伸展、减薄的构造环境,标志着柴北缘地区加里东期造山作用的结束。     

西昆仑北缘沙拉吾如克铜铅矿地质特征及矿床成因浅析

西昆仑北缘沙拉吾如克铜铅矿是区域内较为典型的矿床类型之一,矿体主要赋存于加里东期阿勒玛勒克杂岩体中,受沙拉吾如克断裂的控制。矿石矿物主要有黄铜矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿等,矿石铜铅品位相对较贫,一般Cu含量为0.50%~1.33%(平均0.7%),Pb为0.60%~5.99%(平均0.9%)。铜铅矿石的稀土总量(ΣREE)为83.5×10~(-6)~122×10~(-6),相对围岩(ΣREE为257×10~(-6)~342×10~(-6))来说,明显偏低。铜铅矿石的δEu为0.90~1.04,δCe为0.95~0.96,表现为铕和铈的无异常。含矿岩系稀土元素含量及配分模式显示出成矿元素直接来源于阿勒玛勒克杂岩体,特别是来自晚序次的似斑状石英二长岩或二长花岗岩(均为埃达克岩),矿床类型属于斑岩型矿床,为区域上加里东期成矿事件的产物,与大同一带加里东期铜钼矿的形成具有一致的大陆动力地质学过程,即原特提斯洋(西昆仑北洋)向南俯冲消减,进而引起花岗质岩浆活动并成矿。     

Formation of the Permian Taipinggou igneous rocks,north of Luobei (Northeast China): implications for the subduction of the Mudanjiang Ocean beneath the Bureya–Jiamusi Massif

Controversy has long surrounded the tectonic framework and evolution of the Mudanjiang Ocean between the Bureya–Jiamusi–Khanka Massif and Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range Massif, which are located in the easternmost segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. To address these issues, we present zircon U-Pb ages, geochemical data, and zircon Hf isotopic compositions of the Taipinggou amphibolite and metagabbro exposed along the boundary area of Bureya–Jiamusi Massif and Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range Massif. Magmatic zircons from the amphibolite and metagabbro yield ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 267 ± 2 Ma and 264 ± 2 Ma, respectively, which are interpreted as protolith ages. The geochemical data of the amphibolite samples show transitional characteristics of calcalkaline to tholeiitic series, with high MgO concentrations (9.44–10.48 wt.%) and Mg-numbers (73–75). These samples are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (e.g. Rb, Ba, and K) and light rare earth elements and are depleted in high-field-strength elements (e.g. Nb, Ta, and Ti) and heavy rare earth elements, with εHf(t) values of ?6.63 to ?3.26. It is inferred that the parental magma originated from an enriched lithospheric mantle that had been metasomatized by fluids derived from subducted oceanic slab. During magma evolution, the magma that formed the amphibolite mainly experienced accumulation with a shallow-level evolutionary process involving fractional crystallization. The Taipinggou metagabbro samples are subalkaline series and also characterized by enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (e.g. Rb, Ba, and K) and light rare earth elements and by depletion in Nb–Ta–P–Ti, with εHf(t) values of ?3.09 to +1.16. The Taipinggou metagabbro and amphibolite have similar geochemical and Hf isotopic compositions, indicating a common parental magma source but with different degrees of magmatic differentiation. Based on the new geochronological and geochemical data presented in this study, we propose that both the Taipinggou metagabbro and amphibolite formed in a Middle Permian continental arc setting, closely related to eastward subduction beneath the Bureya–Jiamusi Massif. Combined with previous studies and regional geological observations, we suggest that a double-side subduction model is favoured for the Late Palaeozoic–Early Mesozoic geodynamic processes along the boundary area of Bureya–Jiamusi–Khanka Massif and Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range Massif.     

基于GIS的小江断裂中北段滑坡灾害危险性评价

小江断裂中北段作为金沙江下游重大水电工程库区内最重要的活动断裂构造,其沿线滑坡地质灾害发育,严重制约了当地的经济和社会发展。在详细调查了小江断裂中北段沿线滑坡地质灾害的基础上,选取了坡度、坡向、工程地质岩组、岸坡结构、断裂构造等9个影响因子作为评价指标,对研究区滑坡灾害的发育分布规律进行了分析研究,并采用AHP-CF法建立了滑坡灾害危险性评价模型,利用GIS空间分析功能得出了研究区滑坡地质灾害危险性分区。通过检验曲线验证滑坡地质危险性评价结果可知,AUC值为80%。     

大兴安岭北段二十一站岩体年代学、地球化学及其找矿意义

大兴安岭北端的上黑龙江盆地具有良好的斑岩型矿床的成矿潜力,本次对二十一站铜金矿区与成矿密切相关的闪长岩、花岗闪长斑岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究。二十一站岩体的U-Pb定年结果显示,闪长岩形成时代为129±2Ma(MSWD=0.41),花岗闪长斑岩形成时代为127±2Ma(MSWD=0.10),均为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。岩石地球化学特征显示,闪长岩SiO_2的含量为57.04%～59.91%,Al_2O_3为15.5%～16.22%,MgO为2.93%～4.02%,Mg~#为51～61;花岗闪长斑岩SiO_2的含量为61.52%～62.77%,Al_2O_3为13.71%～14.54%,MgO为1.91%～2.51%,Mg~#为52～60,岩石为高钾钙碱性系列。岩石的Sr含量高,为595×10~(-6)～1207×10~(-6),Y含量低,介于11×10~(-6)～16.1×10~(-6)之间,Yb含量低,为1.1×10~(-6)～1.62×10~(-6),(La/Yb)_N值为14.5～19.9,δEu值介于0.70～0.85之间,岩石明显富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba)、轻稀土元素和不相容元素U,相对亏损重稀土、高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti),符合埃达克岩的地球化学特征。结合区域地质研究认为上黑龙江盆地二十一站早白垩世岩体为源区存在的榴辉岩或高镁麻粒岩构成的下地壳拆沉、熔融形成,该时期处于蒙古-中朝大陆与西伯利亚大陆后碰撞局部隆升的构造环境。     

青藏高原北部发现印支运动的新证据——来自同构造花岗细晶岩脉的响应

在青藏高原北部昆仑山口-甘德断裂与巴颜喀拉山中央断裂之间发育延伸超过100 km的呈雁列排列的花岗细晶岩脉带,这些花岗细晶岩脉走向多为北西向(118°),少量呈南北向(2°)。通过对其宏、微观特征分析研究,并结合在这两组花岗细晶岩脉中分别采获的224.7±0.64 Ma(南北向)与220.5±1.1 Ma(北西向)的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素年龄数据,指出这些花岗细晶岩脉是印支运动的产物,是早印支期可可西里-巴颜喀拉地块向东昆仑地块斜向俯冲过程中,岩浆沿着昆仑山口-甘德北西向冲掩断层下盘(南盘)形成的北西向与南北向两组"X"型共轭剪节理贯入形成的同构造花岗细晶岩脉。两组"X"型共轭剪节理的展布方向揭示了印支运动的主压应力方向,即NNW-SSE向;北西向雁列排列的节理反映其受右行走滑作用控制的特点;花岗细晶岩脉形成的最早时间(224.7±0.64 Ma)代表了这次俯冲走滑事件的时间,也即昆仑山口-甘德断裂的形成时间。     

Volcanism of the southern part of the Sredinny Range of Kamchatka in the Neogene-Quaternary

Based on the geochemical characteristics of the Miocene-Quaternary volcanic rocks of the Sredinny Range of Kamchatka, we divide it into northern and southern provinces; the latter comprises the “eastern”, “western”, and “central” flanks. We present new data on the composition of Neogene-Quaternary volcanic rocks in the southern part of the Sredinny Range of Kamchatka: Khangar and Icha volcanic massifs and Mt. Yurtinaya on the “western” flank, Bystrinsky and Kozyrevsky Ridges on the “eastern” flank, and Anaunsky Dol and Uksichan massif located in between. We show systematic differences in the composition of rocks from the “western” and “eastern” flanks. During the Neogene, a typical island-arc volcanism took place within the “eastern” flank. Quaternary volcanic rocks of this area have both island-arc and within-plate geochemical features. We propose to call rocks of this type hybrid rocks. Within the “western” flank, hybrid volcanism has been manifested since the Neogene, while typical island-arc rocks are not found. Magma generation processes on the “western” flank of the Sredinny Ridge are influenced by an enriched mantle source; the effect of fluid is less pronounced here as compared to the rocks of the “eastern” flank, where it is clearly traced.     

Detrital zircon geochronology of the Lützow-Holm Complex,East Antarctica: Implications for Antarctica–Sri Lanka correlation

The Lützow-Holm Complex (LHC) of East Antarctica has been regarded as a collage of Neoarchean (ca. 2.5 Ga), Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1.8 Ga), and Neoproterozoic (ca. 1.0 Ga) magmatic arcs which were amalgamated through the latest Neoproterozoic collisional events during the assembly of Gondwana supercontinent. Here, we report new geochronological data on detrital zircons in metasediments associated with the magmatic rocks from the LHC, and compare the age spectra with those in the adjacent terranes for evaluating the tectonic correlation of East Antarctica and Sri Lanka. Cores of detrital zircon grains with high Th/U ratio in eight metasediment samples can be subdivided into two dominant groups: (1) late Meso- to Neoproterozoic (1.1–0.63 Ga) zircons from the northeastern part of the LHC in Prince Olav Coast and northern Sôya Coast areas, and (2) dominantly Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic (2.8–2.4 Ga) zircons from the southwestern part of the LHC in southern Lützow-Holm Bay area. The ca. 1.0 Ga and ca. 2.5 Ga magmatic suites in the LHC could be proximal provenances of the detrital zircons in the northeastern and southwestern LHC, respectively. Subordinate middle to late Mesoproterozoic (1.3–1.2 Ga) detrital zircons obtained from Akarui Point and Langhovde could have been derived from adjacent Gondwana fragments (e.g., Rayner Complex, Eastern Ghats Belt). Meso- to Neoproterozoic domains such as Vijayan and Wanni Complexes of Sri Lanka, the southern Madurai Block of southern India, and the central-western Madagascar could be alternative distal sources of the late Meso- to Neoproterozoic zircons. Paleo- to Mesoarchean domains in India, Africa, and Antarctica might also be distal sources for the minor ∼2.8 Ga detrital zircons from Skallevikshalsen. The detrital zircons from the Highland Complex of Sri Lanka show similar Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic (ca. 2.5 Ga) and Neoproterozoic (ca. 1.0 Ga) ages, which are comparable with those of the LHC, suggesting that the two complexes might have formed under similar tectonic regimes. We consider that the Highland Complex and metasedimentary unit of the LHC formed a unified latest Neoproterozoic suture zone with a large block of northern LH–Vijayan Complex caught up as remnant of the ca. 1.0 Ga magmatic arc.     

刚果布谷马西矿区钾盐矿北部矿段盐类沉积缺失浅析

根据盐类矿层分布特征,布谷马西钾盐矿床以奎卢河为界可分为南部、北部2个矿段,通过二维地震勘探、钻探、岩矿测试等技术手段对2个矿段进行了较详细勘查,根据对2个矿段的沉积特征、岩性及二维地震特征对比分析,2个矿段虽然同处于刚果盆地内,但沉积特征存在一定差异,南部矿段矿层沉积较稳定,北部矿段受断裂构造影响,盐类沉积上部多发育裂隙、溶蚀、塌陷等,导致北部矿段Ⅲ,Ⅳ岩性段出现沉积缺失。