Plio-Pleistocene climatic transition and the lifting of the Teton Range, Wyoming

Fine-grained lacustrine, riverine and ash-fall sediments of the Shooting Iron Formation, whose late Pliocene age is established by Blancan gastropods and vertebrates, yield a pollen flora that is essentially similar in composition to the modern pollen rain in the Jackson Hole area. The Pliocene assemblage suggests a climate like that of the Jackson valley and foothills today. These spectra also resemble a Pliocene pollen flora from Yellowstone Park dated at ∼ 2.02 Ma. However, the underlying Miocene Teewinot sediments differ by containing pollen of four exotic deciduous hardwoods (Tertiary relicts) that suggest a summer-moist climate, unlike that of today. The Shooting Iron sediments lie with an angular unconformity on and above the Miocene lake sediments of the Teewinot Formation. Both of these deposits probably preceded the main uplift of the Teton Range based on the absence of Precambrian clasts in the Tertiary valley deposits. Because the Pliocene floras were modern in aspect, a Plio-Pleistocene transition would be floristically imperceptible here. The sequence denotes a protracted period of relative stability of climate during Teewinot time, and a shift in vegetational state (summer-wet trees drop out) sometime between the latest Miocene and latest Pliocene. The Pliocene spectra suggest a dry, cooler climate toward the end of Shooting Iron time.     

南海北部印度无齿鲳的资源变动

根据1997—1999年南海北部底拖网调查的最新资料,结合1964—1965年和1978年历史调查资料,综合分析了南海北部印度无齿鲳的资源变动情况。结果表明,该资源已明显衰退,拖网出现率由36.6%减为22.8%,出现站次平均渔获率由2.38kg·h-1减为0.53kg·h-1,渔获百分组成由1.37%减为0.40%,渔获个体明显变小,平均体重只有33g·ind-1,渔获率无明显季节变化,捕捞汛期消失。该资源衰退的速度与南海区总资源量衰退的速度差不多,资源衰退的主要原因是过度捕捞。     

大兴安岭北段宝兴沟金矿床成矿流体特征及矿床成因

宝兴沟金矿床是大兴安岭北部上黑龙江成矿带内大型金矿床之一,矿体主要产于下侏罗统二十二站组砂岩与早白垩世石英闪长岩、闪长玢岩内外接触带内,其热液成矿作用可划分为：黄铁矿±毒砂-石英（Ⅰ）、多金属硫化物-石英（Ⅱ）及少硫化物-碳酸盐（Ⅲ）3个阶段。流体包裹体岩相学研究表明：Ⅰ阶段矿石主要发育气液两相（LV）、少量含CO₂三相包裹体（H_CO2）及富气相包裹体（FV）;Ⅱ阶段矿石中主要发育LV及少量H_CO2包裹体;Ⅲ阶段矿石中只发育LV包裹体。测温结果显示：Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段包裹体总体均一温度峰值集中于225.00~300.00℃,盐度（w（NaCl））为2.00%~10.00%;Ⅲ阶段均一温度峰值集中于175.00~225.00℃,盐度为4.00%~8.00%;成矿流体为简单的含CO₂中低温、低盐度的NaCl-H₂O热液体系,总体具有从成矿早期到晚期均一温度、盐度逐渐降低的特征。氢、氧同位素分析结果显示,Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段成矿流体δD_SMOW为-131.00‰~-108.00‰、δ¹⁸O_SMOW为1.00‰~4.00‰,Ⅲ阶段δD_SMOW为-108.00‰、δ¹⁸O_SMOW为-1.89‰,表明早期以岩浆水为主,晚期逐渐演化为与大气降水混合热液。矿石中黄铁矿（毒砂）δ³⁴S_V-CDT为1.50‰~4.20‰,显示其物质来源以深源岩浆为主。综合分析认为,区内金成矿作用与早白垩世（石英）闪长岩、闪长玢岩侵入活动有直接关系,矿床属中低温岩浆热液成因类型。     

Geochemistry of Renuka Lake and wetland sediments,Lesser Himalaya (India): implications for source-area weathering,provenance, and tectonic setting

The geochemical investigation of sediments deposited in the Renuka Lake basin and its adjoining wetland has shown variation in the distribution and concentration of major, trace and REEs. The major elements are depleted in the lake in relation to wetland and that of Post Archaean Australian, Shale (PAAS), except for CaO which is strikingly in excess and has a dilution effect on SiO₂ and other oxides and trace elements. The Wetland sediments, on the other hand, are enriched in Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, K₂O and TiO₂ and the latter three show a positive correlation with Al₂O₃ in both wetland and lake sediments suggesting their association with phyllosilicates and similar source rocks. The enrichment of Y, Zr, Ni, Th, U and Nb in wetland compared to lake and their similarity with PAAS in the former, suggests more clay fractions in the wetland. A high Zr/Hf ratio in wetland and lake sediments and a positive correlation of Zr with Y and HREE indicate Zr control on HREEs. However, higher Zr/Yb and Zr/Th ratios in wetland compared to lake indicate mineral sorting during the process of lighter particles (clays) being trapped in wetland soil. This is also reflected from negative correlation of Gd_N/Yb_N with Al₂O₃ and a strong positive correlation with SiO₂ in wetland sediments. The wetland in this context has a control on lake sediment chemistry. The chondrite normalized REE patterns are essentially the same for lake as well as wetland sediments but abundance decreases in the former. The similarity of pattern with that of PAAS and negative Eu anomaly indicates a cratonic source of sediments. In a plot of the individual samples, wetland samples cluster while lake samples are separated indicating fractionation of lake sediments. A strong positive correlation of La_N/Yb_N with Al₂O₃ and a positive correlation of Zr-∑LREE and Zr-La_N/Yb_N suggest that LREEs are controlled by both phyllosilicates and zircon. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) indices in lake sediments and in wetland are higher than PAAS indicating moderate chemical weathering in the source area. The petrography, lack of felsic magmatic rock fragments, and negative correlation between Zr-(Gd/Yb)_C indicate sedimentary source rocks for the detritus. This is in conformity with the Lesser Himalayan sedimentary sequence belonging to neo-Proterozoic–Proterozoic age and constituting lake catchment of Renuka. The tectonic delineation and discriminant function plots of lake and wetland sediments indicate their cratonic and/or quartzose sedimentary orogenic terrain source that has been deposited in a passive margin setting.     

南岭高分异花岗岩成岩与成矿

南岭是我国花岗岩研究程度最高的地区。特别是由于这一地区花岗岩与钨、锡、铌、钽、锆、铪、铜、钼、铅、锌、银、铋、锑、铀、锂、铍、稀土等金属成矿作用关系密切而受到国内外学术界关注。一般认为,南岭花岗岩及相关的成矿作用与花岗岩浆的高度结晶分异作用有关,但高分异作用发生的原因却并不明确。本文通过详细梳理南岭中生代燕山早期花岗岩的特征提出,这些花岗岩的结晶分异作用表现为岩浆房内晶粥体和残留岩浆的长期不断分凝。区内大面积的粗粒似斑状花岗岩为岩浆房早期结晶的堆晶体（主体）,而晚期细粒花岗岩则为残留的高硅熔体（补体）。岩浆房发生充分结晶分异作用受控于两个因素：其一是岩浆房自身在演化过程中不断受到来自深部热的补给,使岩浆房内富含金属元素的残留熔体不断发生抽离,并向上运移。花岗岩体顶端的伟晶岩壳是保证抽离的熔体在近封闭环境下不断发生分异的另一个重要因素。这些特征使得南岭花岗岩的分异机制明显有别于喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩,后者以沿大型拆离断层就位并发生分异结晶为主要机制,两者可分别归类为热驱动分异和构造驱动分异类型,构成高分异花岗岩发生的两大重要机制。未来应结合锂资源的国家重大战略需求,对南岭地区高分异花岗岩,特别是晚期钨锡铌钽成矿花岗岩展开全面检查与评价,着重研究铁锂云母花岗岩及云英岩的岩石序列、矿物演变、金属元素富集和岩浆储存机制等,使南岭花岗岩与成矿作用研究再上新台阶。

     

METAMORPHISM IN THE LESSER HIMALAYAN CRYSTALLINES AND MAIN CENTRAL THRUST ZONE IN THE ARUN VALLEY AND AMA DRIME RANGE (EASTERN HIMALAYA)

METAMORPHISM IN THE LESSER HIMALAYAN CRYSTALLINES AND MAIN CENTRAL THRUST ZONE IN THE ARUN VALLEY AND AMA DRIME RANGE (EASTERN HIMALAYA)1　BrunelM ,KienastJR . tudep啨ｔｒｏ structuraledeschevauchementsductileshimalayenssurlatrans versaledel’Everest Makalu (N啨ｐａｌｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌ) [J].CanadianJ .EarthSciences,1986 ,2 3:1117～ 1137. 2　LombardoB ,RolfoF .TwocontrastingeclogitetypesintheHimalayas :implicationsfortheHimalayanorogeny…     

Fluid inclusions,C-H-O-S-Pb isotope systematics,geochronology and geochemistry of the Budunhua Cu deposit,northeast China:Implications for ore genesis

The Budunhua Cu deposit is located in the Tuquan ore-concentrated area of the southern Great Xing'an Range,NE China.This deposit includes the southern Jinjiling and northern Kongqueshan ore blocks,separated by the Budunhua granitic pluton.Cu mineralization occurs mainly as stockworks or veins in the outer contact zone between tonalite porphyry and Permian metasandstone.The ore-forming process can be divided into four stages involving stage Ⅰ quartz-pyrite-arsenopyrite;stage Ⅱ quartz-pyrite-chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite;stage Ⅲ quartz--polynetallic sulfides;and stage IV quartz-calcite.Three types of fluid inclusions(FIs) can be distinguished in the Budunhua deposit:liquid-rich two-phase aqueous FIs(L-type),vapour-rich aqueous FIs(V-type),and daughter mineral-bearing multi-phase FIs(S-type).Quartz of stages Ⅰ-Ⅲ contains all types of FIs,whereas only L-type FIs are evident in stage Ⅳ veins.The coexisting V-and S-type FIs of stages Ⅰ-Ⅲ have similar homogenization temperatures but contrasting salinities,which indicates that fluid boiling occurred.The FIs of stages Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳyield homogenization temperatures of 265-396℃,245-350℃,200-300℃,and 90-228℃ with salinities of3.4-44.3 wt.%,2.9-40.2 wt.%,1.4-38.2 wt.%,and 0.9-9.2 wt.% NaCl eqv.,respectively.Ore-forming fluids of the Budunhua deposit are characterized by high temperatures,moderate salinities,and relatively oxidizing conditions typical of an H_2 O-NaCl fluid system.Mineralization in the Budunhua deposit occurred at a depth of0.3-1.5 km,with fluid boiling and mixing likely being responsible for ore precipitation.C-H-O-S-Pb isotope studies indicate a predominantly magmatic origin for the ore-forming fluids and materials.LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb analyses indicate that ore-forming tonalite porphyry and post-ore dioritic porphyrite were formed at 151.1±1.1 Ma and 129.9±1.9 Ma,respectively.Geochemical data imply that the primary magma of the tonalite porphyry formed through partial melting of Neoproterozoic lower crust.On the basis of available evidence,we suggest that the Budunhua deposit is a porphyry ore system that is spatially,temporally,and genetically associated with tonalite porphyry and formed in a post-collision extensional setting following closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean.     

甘肃北山南部活动断裂的发现及其区域构造意义

在河西走廊北侧、 北山南缘新发现属于不同断裂系统的两条晚第四纪活动断裂,分别称之为旧井-板滩断裂和俄博庙断裂.其中,旧井-板滩断裂长约28 km,距玉门市约55 km,由4条分支断裂组成,呈复杂的"Y"字形分布.总体走向北东40°～50°,倾向北西,倾角60°～70°,控制了西侧两个晚新生代盆地的发育.俄博庙断裂长约1...     

中国北方典型强沙尘暴的地面加热场特征分析

选取了中国北方16个典型强沙尘暴事件, 利用NCEP/NCAR的日平均全球再分析网格点资料, 对这些典型强沙尘暴事件的地面感热通量场、潜热通量场的分布特征进行了分析; 同时对该区域中强沙尘暴的不同发生区地面的加热场也进行了对比分析。结果表明, 通常在典型强沙尘暴事件发生区表现为正的感热通量和正的潜热通量; 沙尘暴多发区域的南疆盆地表现为以潜热加热为主, 西北区东部表现为以感热加热为主, 华北地区北部则表现为感热和潜热加热同等重要; 南疆盆地和西北区东部沙尘暴的发生受下垫面的影响较大, 华北区北部沙尘暴的发生受下垫面的影响相对较小。     

陆相前陆盆地层序地层学研究——以塔里木盆地北部下白垩统地层为例

陆相层序地层学是层序地层学今后进一步发展的一个重要研究领域和方向。因此,探索不同构造背景下、不同类型陆相盆地层序的边界性质、内部结构特征、控制因素及其模式将极大地丰富和完善层序地层学的理论与方法。本文通过对塔里木盆地北部早白垩世陆相前陆盆地地层进行层序地层分析,确定出4个层序边界,划分出1个超层序和3个三级层序,识别出冲积体系域(AST)、湖泊扩展体系域(EST)和湖泊萎缩体系域(CST),并探讨了陆相前陆盆地层序地层的特征及其控制因素。研究表明,构造作用是控制该陆相前陆盆地层序形成与发育的首要因素;远离和邻近南天山造山带的盆地南、北两侧构造作用的不均一性,造成层序边界性质、体系域特征等在南、北两侧存在很大差异;层序内部体系域发育的不完整性(即由两个层序界面限定的一个三级层序在全盆范围内仅发育一种或两种体系域),反映了陆相层序的复杂性和特殊性。