Impact of the shrinking winter wheat sown area on agricultural water consumption in the Hebei Plain简

This study firstly analyzed the shrinkage of winter wheat and the changes of crop- ping systems in the Hebei Plain from 1998 to 2010 based on the agricultural statistic data of 11 cities and meteorological data, including daily temperature, precipitation, water vapor, wind speed and minimum relative humidity data from 22 meteorological stations, and then calcu- lated the water deficit and irrigation water resources required by different cropping systems, as well as the irrigation water resources conserved as a result of cropping system changes, using crop coefficient method and every ten-day effective precipitation estimation method. The results are as follows. 1） The sown areas of winter wheat in the 11 cities in the Hebei Plain all shrunk during the study period. The shrinkage rate was 16.07% and the total shrinkage area amounted to 49.62×10^4 ha. The shrinkage was most serious in the Bei- jing-Tianjin-Tangshan metropolitan agglomerate, with a shrinkage rate of 47.23%. 2） The precipitation fill rate of winter wheat was only 20%-30%, while those of spring maize and summer maize both exceeded 50%. The irrigation water resources demanded by the winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system ranged from 400 mm to 530 mm, while those demanded by the spring maize single cropping system ranged only from 160 mm to 210 ram. 3） The water resources conserved as a result of the winter wheat sown area shrinkage during the study period were about 15.96×10^8 m^3/a, accounting for 27.85% of those provided for Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei by the first phase of the Mid-Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.     

基于微观视角的农村居民点发展评价与布局优化——以陕西省重点示范镇沙河子镇为例

将生态位态势理论应用于农村居民点布局研究,从发展水平和发展潜力两方面选取指标分别作为发展"态"和发展"势"的评价因素,构建农村居民点发展评价模型,对居民点的发展实力划分等级。然后结合加权Voronoi图,明确各发展等级居民点的搬迁去向,从而实现全镇整治分区规划。沙河子镇农村居民点的发展实力可划分为高、中、低和不适宜发展4个等级;农村居民点整体发展较好,高、中发展实力级的居民点用地面积为304.07hm2,占全区的84.23%;具有明显的地形分异特征,其发展等级呈现由中部向南北两侧递减的趋势;全镇以农村居民点城镇化为整理重点,划分为城镇化区、优先发展区、改造发展区和控制发展区4种整治分区。结合生态位态势理论和加权Voronoi图的农村居民点合理布局研究具有较强的现实指导意义。     

2000年以来广东省经济极化时空演变

选择崔-王指数、变异系数和空间自相关等3种方法,以地级市为基本评价单元,对2000年以来广东省的经济极化的时空演变进行了分析。研究表明：（1）广东省经济极化程度呈上升趋势;（2）2000以来,广东省极化现象明显,但是经济总量的极化现象大于人均经济总量;（3）广东省人均GDP和GDP的Moran＇s I均为正值且呈现增大趋势,经济空间集聚程度呈增大趋势,但是人均GDP的空间集聚程度大于GDP;（4）从局部空间自相关关系来看,广东省经济极化格局2000年以来处于稳定状态。     

基于五级态度量表的青海省国内游客满意度测评

提高游客满意度是促进旅游业可持续发展的根本保障.以青海省国内游客为研究对象,运用五级态度量表量化游客满意度评价项目,采用定性和定量相结合的方法,对餐饮、住宿、交通、游览、购物、娱乐、总体满意度以及游客重游率等方面开展综合测评.研究表明：国内游客对青海各旅游环节的满意度评价总体上处于满意和一般之间,旅游总体满意度评价较高,游客重游青海的潜力大.     

赣北芙蓉―周溪断面下蜀黄土粒度特征及其指示意义

赣北鄱阳湖地区沙山南部近南北向的芙蓉―周溪断面上,分布由FZ-01、FZ-02~FZ-05和FZ-06~FZ-12三部分组成的下蜀土剖面,粒度分析结果表明:1)下蜀黄土砂粒组分自北往南变化为27.29%、1.94%~7.23%和0.45%~7.27%;粉砂组分质量分数大,且存在差异变化,分别为68.23%、81.71%~87.20%和66.9%~79.39%;黏土组分自北向南质量分数增加,变化为4.48%、8.46%~16.35%和18.13%~32.07%,总体表现为砂黄土―黄土―黏黄土等相态的逐渐过渡;2)粒度三组分、粒度参数散点图等均表现为从北而南的阶段性系统渐变特征;3)各种粒度参数与距长江的远近,均服从对数函数变化关系。这些特征初步揭示研究区的下蜀黄土是风成的,并可能与同样是风成堆积的沙山的形成存在某种联系,属于区域性风沙-风尘堆积体系。     

甘肃省高温等级标准

介绍了甘肃省高温等级标准制定的主要内容。通过分析甘肃特殊的地理环境和天气气候特点、河西和河东地区高温天气气候的差异、干热性高温的危害及其影响特点、国内外高温等级标准的制定情况等,阐述了制定甘肃省高温等级标准及其等级划分的主要依据。并综合与高温密切相关的国家、行业、地方的立法标准和规范,编制与其相适应的高温等级标准。     

吉林春旱期降水潜在影响因子的分离时间尺度分析

基于1960—2012年的地面常规气象指标、大尺度气候指数和NOAA气候分析产品,利用功率谱周期分析、时间尺度分离分析和交叉检验的逐步回归分析等,把吉林省春旱期(4—5月)降水量分离成不同时间尺度的值,并在年代际尺度和年际尺度下分别找到显著相关的影响因子。结果表明:吉林春旱期降水存在着2~4 a的年际变化和10 a左右的年代际变化。在年代际尺度上,4月降水与前期3月南半球环球状态指数以及俄罗斯东部高纬地区的低空经向风有关,5月降水与同期北半球环球状态指数和前期4月太平洋中高纬环流有关;在年际尺度上,4月降水与前期3月混合ENSO指数和同期当地相对湿度、华东华北沿海地区的低层经向风有关,5月降水与同期北大西洋涛动指数以及局地相对湿度、地面气压有关。利用选出的影响因子对降水进行预报,估计值和真实值的相关系数分别为0.67(4月)和0.81(5月),且选择合适的影响因子比模型结构更加重要。     

南海北部冷涌及其环流特征

利用中国南部沿海风向、地面气温及南海北部风速的变化确定南海北部冷涌的判别标准,构建了一个冷涌发生频率指数,对南海北部冷涌的年际变化特征及其环流异常进行讨论。结果表明,南海北部冷涌频率指数能够更加全面地描述冷涌系统的特征,与全国范围的冷空气爆发关系密切。南海北部冷涌与中高纬、中低纬环流具有密切的联系,是二者共同作用的结果。当贝加尔湖以西高压脊偏强,中高纬环流经向度加大,西太平洋副热带高压强度偏弱、位置偏东时,有利于大陆上冷空气南下入海,在南海北部形成冷涌。冷涌发生时,经向Hadley环流加强,调整中纬与低纬地区的大气质量,高层向北输送的大气在科氏力作用下导致东亚副热带西风急流加强,有利于冷涌的维持和加强。     

北部湾北部生态系统结构与功能研究Ⅱ.浮游动物数量分布及优势种

为了解北部湾北部海区浮游动物数量分布规律及优势种组成,2006—2007年对北部湾进行4个航次的综合性调查。根据浮游动物样品分析结果,研究了北部湾北部浮游动物的丰度、生物量和优势种组成,并利用Spearman等级相关法分析丰度与环境因子间的关系。研究结果表明,北部湾北部浮游动物丰度年均值(183.5±142.9)ind/m3,丰度的季节分布由高到低依次为秋季、夏季、冬季、春季;生物量年均值(139.5±116.8)mg/m3,由高到低依次为春季、秋季、冬季、夏季特征。平面分布上,春、秋两季丰度分布呈远岸高近岸低的趋势,而夏、冬两季则在近岸海域形成高丰度区。生物量的平面分布趋势与丰度的分布趋势基本一致。丰度变化与环境因子的相关性显著,水深、温度及叶绿素a浓度是影响丰度分布的主要因素。肥胖软箭虫Flaccisagitta enflata、亚强次真哲水蚤Subeucalanus subcrassus和间型莹虾Lucifer intermedius在北部湾北部的优势地位显著,优势种演替具有明显的季节性。     

Origin and anatomy of two different types of mass–transport complexes: A 3D seismic case study from the northern South China Sea margin

Integration of 2D and 3D seismic data from the Qiongdongnan Basin along the northwestern South China Sea margin has enabled the seismic stratigraphy, seismic geomorphology and emplacement mechanisms of eight separate, previously undocumented, mass–transport complexes (MTCs) to be characterized. These eight MTCs can be grouped into two types:(1) Localized detached MTCs, which are confined to submarine canyons and cover hundreds of km², consist of a few tens of km³ remobilized sediments and show long striations at their base. They resulted from small-scale mass-wasting processes induced by regional tectonic events and gravitational instabilities on canyon margins.(2) Regional attached MTCs, which occur within semi-confined or unconfined settings and are distributed roughly perpendicular to the strike of the regional slope. Attached MTCs occupy hundreds to thousands of km² and are composed of tens to hundreds of km³ of remobilized sediments. They contain headwall escarpments, translated blocks, remnant blocks, pressure ridges, and basal striations and cat-claw grooves. They were created by large-scale mass-wasting processes triggered by high sedimentation rates, slope oversteepening by shelf-edge deltas, and seismicity.Our results show that MTCs may act as both lateral and top seals for underlying hydrocarbon reservoirs and could create MTC-related stratigraphic traps that represent potential drilling targets on continental margins, helping to identify MTC-related hydrocarbon traps.