闽北近岸海域表层沉积物的风化特征及物源指示

通过对闽北近岸海域的229个表层沉积物样品和周边河流的54个表层沉积物样品进行粒度和常量元素测试,分析了研究区常量元素分布及粒度控制效应,并运用成分变异指数(ICV)和化学蚀变指数(CIA) 2种风化指标,结合(A-CN-K)-(A-CNK-FM)三角图,探讨了其风化特征及物源指示。研究表明,闽北近岸海域从岸向海表层沉积物粒径变粗,底质类型表现为明显的条带状,依次为泥-粉砂-砂质粉砂-砂。分析认为,形成这种条带状的主要原因是其物源及动力机制的不同,近岸主要为长江及周边河流物质输送,分布在50 m水深以浅,而在70 m以深的粗砂主要为残留沉积,50～70 m表现为过渡类型。风化程度研究表明,在空间分布上,从岸向海化学风化程度逐渐增强,70 m以深的异常区是以石英为主的残留沉积,抗风化能力强,黏土矿物含量低,表现为弱化学风化程度。长江、瓯江、闽江沉积物的风化程度表现为随着地理纬度的降低而增强,气候效应明显,研究区与长江沉积物风化趋势更为接近,所经历的形成环境最为相似,受物源效应影响。     

琼东南盆地深水区构造热演化特征及其影响因素分析

To reveal the tectonic thermal evolution and influence factors on the present heat flow distribution, based on 154 heat flow data, the present heat flow distribution features of the main tectonic units are first analyzed in detail, then the tectonic thermal evolution histories of 20 profiles are reestablished crossing the main deep-water sags with a structural, thermal and sedimentary coupled numerical model. On the basis of the present geothermal features, the Qiongdongnan Basin could be divided into three regions: the northern shelf and upper slope region with a heat flow of 50–70 m W/m2, most of the central depression zone of 70–85 m W/m2, and a NE trending high heat flow zone of 85–105 m W/m2 lying in the eastern basin. Numerical modeling shows that during the syn-rift phase, the heat flow increases generally with time, and is higher in basement high area than in its adjacent sags. At the end of the syn-rift phase, the heat flow in the deepwater sags was in a range of 60–85 m W/m2, while in the basement high area, it was in a range of 75–100 m W/m2. During the post-rift phase, the heat flow decreased gradually, and tended to be more uniform in the basement highs and sags. However, an extensive magmatism, which equivalently happened at around 5 Ma, has greatly increased the heat flow values, and the relict heat still contributes about 10–25 m W/m2 to the present surface heat flow in the central depression zone and the southern uplift zone. Further analyses suggested that the present high heat flow in the deep-water Qiongdongnan Basin is a combined result of the thermal anomaly in the upper mantle, highly thinning of the lithosphere, and the recent extensive magmatism. Other secondary factors might have affected the heat flow distribution features in some local regions. These factors include basement and seafloor topography, sediment heat generation, thermal blanketing, local magmatic injecting and hydrothermal activities related to faulting and overpressure.     

章丘区北部土壤重金属地球化学特征及潜在生态风险

以山东省济南市章丘区北部表层土壤中As等8种重金属元素为研究对象,利用多元统计进行重金属来源分析,采用污染负荷指数法及潜在生态危害指数法进行污染评价,结果表明:研究区表层土壤重金属元素含量低于济南市土壤背景值,Cd和Hg元素含量为强度变异,在表层土壤产生一定的富集;不同土地利用类型下重金属元素含量具有差异性。土壤中Cr,Cu,Ni和Zn来源于土壤母质,Cd和Pb元素来源于人类活动,As元素来源复杂。土壤综合污染以轻度污染为主,重金属元素污染程度大小为AsNiPbZnCrCuCdHg。综合潜在生态风险以轻微和中度为主,潜在生态风险强弱程度为HgCdAsCuPbNiCrZn,建议防范Hg和Cd元素污染及生态风险。     

中天山及其北麓的降水变化及其原因分析

利用中天山地带85.0°～90.0°E,42.5°～45.0°N范围内17个气象站1961-2000年的降水、气温观测数据及美国NCEP/NCAR1950-2000年再分析月平均资料进行计算和分析,结果表明:这一区域近年来降水呈现上升趋势,且冬、夏季相对显著,山区降水增幅大于山前平原地带.年代际变化表现为60-70年代降水量减少,80-90年代逐步增加.大气可降水量多年也表现为增加趋势.近50a来该地区上空的水汽输送状况显示,年平均大气水汽输入为9217.8×10⁸m³,输出水汽8625.7×10⁸m³,净收支为592.0×10⁸m³,且水汽收支主要取决于夏半年的水汽输入量,境外全年输入的水汽只有6.4%转化为降水.从50-90年代水汽净收支总体上呈减少趋势,只在90年代有略微增长.结合该地区的河流径流增加、冰川物质平衡一直处于亏损状态,说明中天山北麓近年来降水量增加的主要原因是由于该地区内部的水循环量增加和水循环速率提高.     

华北板块北缘东段中元古代造山带地质特征及构造演化

研究区内的中元古代魏家沟岩群原岩为一套碳酸盐岩、陆缘碎屑岩及火山岩建造,形成于大陆裂谷-活动大陆边缘阶段,并于1036 Ma左右遭受变质变形.通过岩浆岩形成构造环境的判别,研究区中元古代岩浆活动贯穿于板块碰撞前、同碰撞及碰撞后.伴随着造山带的演化,本区中元古代经历了3期韧性变形,分别形成于大陆裂谷、活动大陆边缘及碰撞造山阶段.通过上述研究,确定了本区中元古代造山带的存在,并经历了大陆裂谷-被动大陆边缘-活动大陆边缘-碰撞造山的地质演化过程,证实了格林维尔造山运动在华北板块北缘的存在和对中元古代末期Rodinia超大陆拼合的响应.     

中国北方春季沙尘暴频数与北半球500hPa高度场的SVD分析

选取1957-2000年中国北方地区春季沙尘暴发生次数资料和北半球500hPa秋、冬、春季的平均高度场资料,对沙尘暴和高度场作SVD分析。结果表明,我国北方春季沙尘暴次数各地具有比较一致的变化趋势,表明可能与大尺度气候背景的变化有联系。变化的最敏感区域为内蒙古中西部地区、新疆西部、青海西部和东北地区。我国北方春季沙尘暴发生次数与同期及前期500hPa高度场有较好的相关关系,前期环流形势对春季沙尘暴频数有一定的指示和预测意义,冬季环流场尤其具有预报指示意义,因为前一年冬季北大西洋涛动对我国春季北方沙尘暴发生次数有影响。     

广东乐昌禾尚田钨矿矿化特征与成因

禾尚田钨矿主要发育于天子岭组下段和中段碳酸盐岩中,围岩蚀变有大理岩化、云英岩化和矽卡岩化;其矿脉类型为石英脉、长石脉和云英岩脉;矿石矿物有黑钨矿、白钨矿、锡石、毒砂、萤石等.该矿床属特大型钨矿,具有多种矿化类型叠加、多阶段成矿的特点.     

鄂北致密薄储层地震响应特征分析

鄂尔多斯盆地北部大牛地气田塔巴庙区块致密薄层发育。利用岩石物理等数据的物性参数,对不同储集条件下的薄层、薄互层进行地震正演分析。结果表明:在薄层特别是薄互层条件下,叠前波场响应特征十分复杂,有别于常规AVO类型的变化规律,且含气层和干层的响应特征有明显差异。根据叠前地震波场的响应特征和不同的变化规律可以细化薄层研究,进一步识别储集类型。     

陕北地区退耕还林还草工程土壤保护效应的时空特征

This paper looks at the Green for Grain Project in northern Shaanxi Province.Based on remote sensing monitoring data,this study analyzes the locations of arable land in northern Shaanxi in the years 2000,2010 and 2013 as well as spatio-temporal changes over that period,and then incorporates data on the distribution of terraced fields to improve the input parameters of a RUSLE model and simulate and generate raster data on soil erosion for northern Shaanxi at different stages with a accuracy verification.Finally,combined with the dataset of farmland change,compared and analyzed the characteristics of soil erosion change in the converted farmland to forest(grassland)and the unconverted farmland in northern Shaanxi,so as to determine the project’s impact on soil erosion over time across the region.The results show that between 2000 and 2010,the soil erosion modulus of repurposed farmland in northern Shaanxi decreased 22.7 t/ha,equivalent to 47.08%of the soil erosion modulus of repurposed farmland in 2000.In the same period,the soil erosion modulus of non-repurposed farmland fell 10.99 t/ha,equivalent to 28.6%of the soil erosion modulus of non-repurposed farmland in 2000.The soil erosion modulus for all types of land in northern Shaanxi decreased by an average of 14.51 t/ha between 2000 and 2010,equivalent to 41.87%of the soil erosion modulus for the entire region in 2000.This suggests that the Green for Grain Project effectively reduced the soil erosion modulus,thus helping to protect the soil.In particular,arable land that was turned into forest and grassland reduced erosion most noticeably and contributed most to soil conservation.Nevertheless,in the period 2010 to 2013,which was a period of consolidation of the Green for Grain Project,the soil erosion modulus and change in volume of soil erosion in northern Shaanxi were significantly lower than in the previous decade.     

基于InVEST模型的晋北土地利用变化与碳储量研究

区域土地利用变化和碳储量的空间分布特征研究可为区域生态系统碳库管理和减排增汇政策制定提供重要科学依据。采用GIS和遥感技术分析了晋北地区1990年、2000年、2013年和2019年的土地利用变化特征,在此基础上,运用InVEST模型计算出晋北地区1990—2019年间生态系统碳储量和碳密度。结果表明,各土地利用类型之间的转换主要发生在2000—2013年间,转出面积最多的为耕地,转入面积最多的为建设用地和林地。这与该时段退耕还林政策的实施和粗放型经济快速增长有关。研究区1990年、2000年、2013年和2019年生态系统碳储量分别为53.50×107 t、53.53×107 t、54.25×107 t和54.00×107 t,碳平均密度分别为147.89 t/hm2、147.97 t/hm2、149.95 t/hm2和149.27 t/hm2。在总体碳储量中,土壤碳储量占比最大,超过80%,而林地对研究区生态系统碳储量的贡献值最大（约55%）。晋北地区应继续坚持退耕还林、水土保持等措施,以期能够用高效固碳来代偿建设用地扩张导致的碳损失。