冀北三面井岩体时代、地球化学特征及其地质意义

冀北三面井岩体位于华北克拉通北缘,由石英闪长岩组成。为了探讨华北克拉通北缘早古生代演化历史,采用LA--MC--ICP--MS 锆石U--Pb 定年法,获得石英闪长岩206Pb /238U 年龄为471 ± 2 Ma,时代为中奥陶世。岩石为钙碱性系列,轻稀土富集,微量元素Nb、P、Ti、Y、Yb 亏损,Ｒb、Th、K、 Ba、Sr 等元素富集,表明其形成于岛弧或活动大陆边缘环境。锆石Hf 同位素分析表明,锆石εHf ( t) 值为+ 8. 3 ～ + 10. 1,单阶段模式年龄为679 ～ 753 Ma,两阶段模式年龄为807 ～ 921 Ma,其TDM1、TDM2 与岩体形成时间相差较大,岩体源于亏损地幔或从亏损地幔中新生的年轻地壳物质的部分熔融,揭示了华北克拉通北缘存在新元古代地壳增生事件。结合区域地质资料分析,三面井岩体的形成可能与早古生代温都尔庙洋壳向华北克拉通之下的俯冲作用有关。     

新疆古伦沟地区古仍格萨拉东岩体的地球化学及锆石U-Pb年龄

古伦沟地区古仍格萨拉东花岗闪长斑岩体位于中天山构造带北缘。地球化学和锆石U-P年龄测定结果显示: 岩石高碱富Na、贫Fe和Mg、弱过铝质(ACNK=0.98~1.11), 稀土总量较低(∑REE=61.28×10-6~99.50×10-6)且分异明显(LaN/YbN=7.82~22.80)、铕弱负异常(δEu=0.72~0.97), 相对富集Rb、Ba、Th、U、K等, 亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等, 具火山弧花岗岩的特征。岩体具有较均一的Sr、Nd同位素组成: (87Sr/86Sr)i=0.70677~0.70685, εSr(t)=40.10~41.21, (143Nd/144Nd)i=0.51190~0.51191, εNd(t)= –2.62 ~ –2.30, tDM＝1.31~1.38 Ga。其锆石U-Pb年龄为(488.9±1.7)~(470.5±3.1) Ma。表明古仍格萨拉东岩体形成于早奥陶世陆缘弧环境, 可能是先存的中元古代幔源基性下地壳部分熔融的产物, 其形成与古准噶尔洋向伊犁—中天山板块下的俯冲作用有关, 标志着中天山北缘于早奥陶世时期已进入与俯冲消减有关的活动陆缘演化阶段。此次岩浆活动导致区内发生斑岩型铜矿化。     

Correlation of Devonian rocks

The Mount Black lead‐zinc deposit at Cooleman Plains, southern New South Wales, occurs in the uppermost part of the moderately folded, weakly metamorphosed, Upper Silurian Cooleman Limestone. A joint‐controlled collapse‐breccia zone interpreted as a palaeokarst structure has been partly replaced by quartz, sphalerite, galena, and a little chalcopyrite, pyrite, marcasite, tetrahedrite, arseno‐pyrite, and mackinawite. These minerals show evidence of having encrusted and replaced limestone fragments in the breccia. Oxidic Zn, Pb, Cu, and Fe minerals have formed by the near‐surface oxidation of the sulphides.

Petrographic and field evidence indicates that the quartz and sulphides were deposited mainly by encrustation and precipitation from saline solutions (possibly diagenetically expelled connate brines) in cavities, probably at low temperature at shallow depth. The deposit has many similarities to Mississippi Valley‐type lead‐zinc deposits.     

张英1，郭依群2，莫午零3，胡玉波4

南海北部神狐海域钻探获得的水合物中天然气组分以甲烷为主,为典型干气,气体甲烷碳氢同位素组成揭示天然气为典型的生物成因,为二氧化碳还原形成。南海北部地区在硫酸盐-甲烷还原界面（SMI）以下进入生物甲烷生成阶段,盐度适中,适宜产甲烷菌等菌群的生存和生物甲烷气的生成,埋深200～1500 m层段是生物甲烷的主要生成阶段。中新世中晚期、上新世和第四纪沉积物以泥为主,部分层段为砂泥岩互层,有机质丰度较高,类型好,热演化程度低,生物气生成条件优越,可为浅部天然气水合物的形成提供充足的气源。     

Deep-water Depositional Features of Miocene Zhujiang Formation in Baiyun Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin

Eleven lithofacies and five lithofacies associations were indentified in the Miocene Zhujiang Formation on the basis of detailed core analysis.It could be determined that three depositional types developed,namely submarine fan,basin and deep-water traction current.Six microfacies were further recognized within the fan,including main channels in the inner fan,distributary channels in the middle fan,inter-channels,levees and the outer fan.The lower Zhujiang Formation,mainly sandstone associations,was inner fan and inner-middle fan deposits of the basin fan and the slope fan. The middle part,mainly mudstone associations,was outer fan deposits.With the transgression,the submarine fan was finally replaced by the basinal pelagic deposits which were dominated by mudstone associations,siltstone associations,and deep-water limestone associations.During the weak gravity flow activity,the lower channels,the middle-upper outer fans and basin deposits were strongly modified by the deep-water traction current.The identification of the deep-water traction deposition in Miocene Zhujiang Formation would be of great importance.It could be inferred that the deep-water traction current had been existing after the shelf-break formation since the Late Oligocene (23.8 Ma) in the Baiyun sag,influencing and controlling the sediment composition,the distribution, and depositional processes.It would provide great enlightenment to the paleo-oceanic current circulation in the northern South China Sea.     

南海北部沉积物特征及其对珠江演变的响应

采用沉积地球化学、沉积物矿物成分分析等手段研究发现,自渐新世以来,南海北部沉积物成分具有阶段性改变的特征.在早渐新世,沉积物反映出其母岩以花岗岩和区域变质岩为主;到晚渐新世,母岩中区域变质岩类型消失,而以花岗岩、沉积岩和接触变质岩为特征;进入中新世,沉积物主要反映出碳酸盐岩等沉积岩为主的源区特点.这种沉积物成分演变特征与南海北部盆地基底及珠江流域不同区域物质组成特征极为一致,反映出珠江流域演化与南海北部沉积充填之间的对应关系.因此,通过这种研究方法,可以更好地理解32Ma以来南海北部沉积物成分发生改变的原因.同时,可以通过对比南海北部古珠江来源沉积物各时期的成分特点,建立珠江流域的侵蚀-搬运-沉积过程,探讨珠江流域演化历史.     

40Ar‐39Ar and K‐Ar age constraints on the Early Proterozoic Tennant Creek Block,northern Australia,and the age of its gold deposits∗

⁴⁰Ar‐³⁹Ar age spectra on minerals from granitic, metamorphic and hydrothermal rocks confirm that the Early Proterozoic Tennant Creek Block was affected by two thermal events during its evolution. Although extensive alteration of biotite and feldspar within the granites precludes the direct determination of their cooling history, ⁴⁰Ar‐³⁹Ar analyses for hydrothermal muscovite from several nearby gold‐copper deposits indicate that regional cooling to below ～ 300°C was not prolonged. Flat, uniform muscovite age spectra were obtained from gold deposits east of the Tennant Creek town site and indicate a minimum age of 1825–1830 Ma for their formation. These ages are within error of those for the felsic volcanism of the Flynn Subgroup, and a genetic relationship between the two may exist. Samples from gold deposits elsewhere in the area indicate disturbance of the K‐Ar isotope system. The second thermal event to affect the region occurred at around 1700 Ma, and is confirmed by the ⁴⁰Ar‐³⁹Ar muscovite ages for the ‘Warrego’ granite (1677 ± 4 Ma) and for the metamorphism of the Wundirgi Formation (1696 ± 4 Ma).     

The Ligurian Units of Western Tuscany (Northern Apennines): insight on the influence of pre-existing weakness zones during ocean closure

Most of the tectonic units cropping out in Western Tuscany are fragments of the Jurassic oceanic crust, ophiolitic successions, overlaid diachronously by Upper Cretaceous-middle Eocene carbonate and siliciclastic flysch successions with their Cenomanian-lower Eocene shalycalcareous basal complexes. These units, so called Ligurian, have been emplaced during the closure of the Ligurian-Piedmont Ocean. Ophiolite bearing debris flows are common in the flysch basins and their relationship with ophiolitic tectonic slices points to a strong relation between tectonics and sedimentation from the early compressive events of the Late Cretaceous. The tectonic activity reflects in a rough morphology of the ocean floor. It progressively influences the distribution and sedimentology of the turbidites. During middle Eocene this relationship begun very important and a paleogeographic reconstruction with prominent linear ophiolitic reliefs that bounded some turbiditic basins can be done. In our reconstruction the sedimentary and structural evolution can be framed in the context of strain partitioning, developed during the ocean closure, between subduction processes and ancient weakness zones crosscutting both the ocean and the Adria continental margin and reactivated in compressive regime. These weakness zones can be interpreted as transform faults of the Ligurian-Piedmont Ocean with prolongations in the Adria passive margin.

The weakness zones crosscut the oceanic lithosphere and the Adria continental margin and interfered with the subduction processes. The activity of the weakness zones is reflected in the Ligurian Units architecture where two main structural strike trends of thrusts and folds axial planes occur. The first trend is WSW-ENE oriented and it is connected with the reactivation of the weaknesses zones. This first orientation developed progressively from Late Cretaceous to Pliocene, from oceanic to ensialic convergence (D1, D2, and D4 deformation phases). The second trend is NNE-SSW oriented and is related to the late Eocene continental collision and the subsequent translation to the NE of the oceanic units onto the Adria continental margin (D3 deformation phase).     

松辽盆地北部T2反射层断裂密集带成因机制

松辽盆地北部T2反射层断裂与中浅层油气的运聚成藏关系紧密,揭示T2反射层断裂密集带的成因机制对指导油气勘探至关重要.基于松辽盆地北部区域地震解释,从分析断裂发育特征着手,以断裂形成演化过程为主线,系统剖析了盆地演化不同阶段断裂的变形机制,揭示了T2反射层断裂密集带的形成机制及其对油气运聚成藏的指示作用.研究表明,T2反射层断裂密集带是在断陷演化基础上,在断陷期断裂先存构造、泉一二段塑性泥岩盖层水平拆离作用和近EW向拉张应力场的控制下形成的,全区以近SN向拉张机制伸展型密集带为主,NE向、NW向和近EW向斜拉机制调节型密集带和走滑调节型密集带零星分布.盆地反转期受断陷半地堑、基底深大断裂和左旋压扭变形场控制形成反转构造带的同时,反转构造带内的断裂密集带被逆时针旋转改造而定型,呈NW-NNW向展布为主.反转构造带内T2反射层NW-NNW向断裂密集带边部断裂和未反转区带内T2反射层近SN向断裂密集带边部断裂长期活动,与油气大量生排烃时期匹配,是中浅层油气运聚成藏的油源断层.