Estimating groundwater recharge rates in the southeastern Holstein region, northern Germany

In the southeastern Holstein region, located to the east of the metropolitan zone of Hamburg, northern Germany, a groundwater investigation program was conducted from 1984 to 2000 by the State Agency for Nature and Environment (Landesamt für Natur und Umwelt, LANU) of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, with the aim of providing long-term, ecologically acceptable groundwater management plans for the region. The focal point of the investigation comprised the determination of groundwater recharge rates. The investigation method was based on the transfer of available lysimeter results from other regions to comparable regions within the area studied. With the help of lysimeter equations, potential amounts of percolation water were calculated. The groundwater recharge rate was then determined after subtraction of the surface runoff which was calculated for the entire area. All computations were performed with a spreadsheet program. Groundwater recharge rates were calculated for two areas. One consisted of roughly determining groundwater recharge rates for the total region (1,392 km²) of southeastern Holstein. The overall goal of these investigations was to identify potential areas of water exploitation. Areas in which groundwater recharge rates are high and groundwater outflow is low are particularly suited to water exploitation, since inflow rates into deeper aquifers are high. These areas are located on the flanks of the Elbe and Stecknitz River valleys. Subsurface groundwater runoff to these lowlands would be reduced through groundwater withdrawal. However, the resulting decline in shallow groundwater tables would be so small that it would have no detrimental ecological effects. Groundwater recharge rates were also calculated for a 110-km² area in the outskirts of Hamburg (Grosshansdorf model area) which is intensively developed for water supply. These investigations showed that the amount of groundwater recharge is already being withdrawn to a large extent. Approximately 65% of the recharge rate is currently withdrawn by the waterworks in this area, thus making further increases in exploitation rates unjustifiable from an ecological point of view. Electronic Publication     

晋北及其附近地区ML≥5.0地震的震兆——地震空区

５０ｋｍ范围内２级以上地震年频数的空间扫描图，揭示了１９７０年以来晋北及其附近地区５级以上地震发生前，震中附近地区出现的地震空区，文中展示了从１９７０－１９９５年每年的空间扫描图，供分析对比。     

北秦岭官坡地区高压—超高压榴辉岩岩相学及变质作用研究

北秦岭官坡地区的榴辉岩及含柯石英榴辉岩产在帮岭岩群的北侧，主要由绿辉石和石榴石组成，部分石榴石和绿辉石中含柯石英包体。此外还含有退变质的多硅白云母、角闪石、黝帘石和纳长石等矿物，根据变质矿物之间的替代关系及共生组合规律，榴辉岩退变质作用可划分为四个阶段，各阶段代表性矿物组合依次为：柯石英＋绿辉石＋石榴石；石英＋绿辉石＋石榴石；多硅白云母＋绿辉石＋石榴石＋石英；角闪石＋斜长石＋白云母＋黑云母。这四个     

冀北水泉沟偏碱性杂岩体中云辉闪长岩的发现及其地质意义

作者在冀北水泉沟偏碱性杂岩体中发现了一种钙碱性岩石──云辉闪长岩。根据其矿物组成，可能为一种新的岩石类型。该岩石由黑云母（约占１５％）、普通辉石（约占１５％）、更一中长石（约占６５％）、钾长石（约占５％）以及其它一些副矿物（＜１％）组成。与水泉沟杂岩体的其它岩类相比，该岩石以相对高含量的ＬＲＥＥ、高场强元素和Ｆｅ、Ｍｇ、Ｃａ等元素以及相对低的ＳｉＯ＿２、Ｋ＿２Ｏ＋Ｎａ＿２Ｏ和Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３为特征。     

新疆北部泥盆纪火山沉积岩系作用相类型、序列及其与板块构造的关系

新疆北部泥盆纪火山沉积岩系的作用相类型主要包括:爆发相、溢流相,火山碎屑、钙屑、陆屑风暴岩相,火山喷发海啸岩相,粗粒、中粒、细粒火山碎屑浊积岩相,同沉积、软变形震积岩相和砂质、粉砂泥质等积岩相。文章阐述了它们的特征和识别标志,并以东准噶尔纸房剖面和西准噶尔沙尔布尔提山剖面为例,讨论了作用相和环境相的时空结构及与板块构造的关系。并认为以作用相为主体的相分析是槽区、造山带和活动大陆边缘相分析的特色所在。     

华北板块北缘东段拼贴带地质—地球物理特征

华北板块北缘东段（吉林省境内）地质构造的研究历来为学者所关注,研究成果颇多。笔者通过最新的地质－地球物理资料的分析研究,认为：该带重磁场的总体特征,即近乐西向展布的地球物理场态,被北东向或与之相联系的其它方向的重磁场带或梯度带分隔、切割、和改造;区域构造框架－－古东西构造,为中生代北东向等构造改造、包容及其它各复合关系,具有较高的一致性。通过对该带的５个构造重磁场区段之一的富尔河区段的剖析,确证生     

华北地块北缘AuAgCuPbZn成矿规律

根据研究区成矿地质背景,分析了地层、构造、岩浆岩等因素对华北地块北缘Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn成矿的控制作用,总结了矿床的时、空分布,共生组合特点,提出了成矿规律.     

首都圈及山西断陷带北部地壳垂直形变与地震危险性分析

根据首都圈地区及山西断陷带精密水准复测资料,分析了近十年来地壳垂直形变状态与特征。结果表明,研究区的东北区域表现为整体下降,下降速率约2～4mm／a;但“北升南降”的运动格局基本没有改变。太行山以西至山西断陷带的东侧地区为整体隆升。隆升速率最大近8mm／a。运动的时空分布从“南快北慢”整体上升的特征,逐步转变为“北升南降”的有升有降的特征。西区上述运动性质发生变化是以2001年为分界线,同时在延怀盆地及其附近区域形成了四象限分布的形变图像。但这一图像从规模和量级上都小于大同地震前的变形。山西断陷带北部的运动表现为断陷型的垂直运动,整体呈下降趋势,运动速率为4～6mm／a。上述特征表明监测区未来2～3年内发生6级以上地震的可能性不大。     

北祁连西段香毛山一带早-中寒武世基性火山岩基本特征及其成因

香毛山一带早—中寒武世基性火岩以碱性玄武岩系列为主,具富钠,低钾、镁特点,稀土总量较低,属轻稀土富集型,分布模式为右倾平滑曲线,略具正铕异常;微量元素含量接近洋中脊过渡性玄武岩与板内拉斑玄武岩的丰度,岩浆来自富集的地幔源区;该火山岩系形成于强烈拉张产生的有限微洋盆构造环境,当时洋盆的扩张速率为l～2cm／a,属初始发育阶段。     

Holocene regional and local vegetation history and lake-level changes in the Torneträsk area, northern Sweden

A combination of pollen and macrofossil analyses from six lakes at altitudes between 370 and 999 m above sea level (a.s.l.) in the Torneträsk area reflect the Holocene vegetation history. The main field study area has been the Abisko valley at altitudes around 400 m a.s.l. The largest lake, Vuolep Njakajaure has annually laminated (varved) sediments. The chronology and sedimentation rates in the pollen-influx calculations are based on varve yrs in this lake and on radiocarbon dated terrestrial plant macrofossils in the other lakes. A strong increase of mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa) during the early Holocene with a tree-line c. 300 m above the present, indicates that the summer temperature was c. 1.5 °C higher than today, assuming that the land uplift has been 100 m since then. Scattered stands of pine (Pinus sylvestris) may have been growing in the area immediately after the deglaciation but a forest consisting of pine and mountain birch expanded first at low elevations and reached the eastern parts of the Torneträsk area at c. 8300 cal BP and the western parts at c. 7600 cal BP. The highest pine-birch forest limit was not reached until 6300 cal BP (110 m above present pine limit). Warm and dry conditions during the pine forest maximum led to lowering of the water level documented in Lake Badsjön in the Abisko valley about 1-1.5 m lower than today. Pine and mountain birch were growing at the maximum altitude until c. 4500 cal BP. Assuming that land uplift has been in the range of 20-40 m since the mid-Holocene, this implies that the temperature was then c. 1.5-2 °C higher than today. Rising lake-levels and lowering limits of pine and mountain birch since c. 4500 cal BP indicate a more humid and cool climate during the late Holocene.