藏北羌塘盆地QK-1井中侏罗统烃源岩地球化学特征

QK-1天然气水合物钻探试验井位于西藏羌塘盆地毕洛错地区,主要钻遇中侏罗统夏里组粉砂质泥岩和布曲组灰岩。其有机质丰度、有机质类型、有机质成熟度等有机地球化学特征表明,南羌塘地区中侏罗统烃源岩的有机质丰度偏低,夏里组泥岩TOC介于0.26%~0.38%之间,达到差-中烃源岩标准,而布曲组灰岩TOC介于0.02%~0.08%之间,仅局部达到差烃源岩标准;两个组的烃源岩有机质类型主要为Ⅱ₂型及Ⅲ型,较利于天然气的生成,其中夏里组的生气能力优于布曲组;该区烃源岩热演化程度较高,Ro为1.31%~1.63%之间,均达到高成熟阶段,而夏里组有可能已进入干气阶段。基于冻土区天然气水合物成藏条件分析,综合考虑夏里组烃源岩及沉积厚度特征,认为中侏罗统夏里组具备良好的天然气水合物勘探前景。     

羌塘盆地上三叠统土门格拉组烃源岩生物标志物地球化学特征

首次对羌塘盆地上三叠统土门格拉组烃源岩生物标志化合物特征进行了研究,揭示了生物标志化合物对该地区有机质生源构成、沉积环境和成熟度的指示意义。研究结果表明：土门格拉组烃源岩中的有机母质为混合来源,既有陆生植物来源,又有低等水生生物来源,烃源岩的沉积环境为具有一定盐度的还原环境。烃源岩成熟度参数显示,土门格拉组烃源岩有机质演化程度已达到高成熟阶段。生物标志化合物的这些特征进一步证实了土门格拉组烃源岩具有较好的生烃潜力。     

藏北羌塘盆地中央隆起带下二叠统展金组沉积岩稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质意义

对于青藏高原北部羌塘盆地中央隆起带晚古生代的构造演化历史,学术界目前仍存在不同观点。位于盆地中央隆起带角木日地区的羌资5井揭示出的下二叠统展金组细碎屑岩,对于该地区古地理研究和构造背景约束具有重要意义。通过对该井中17个展金组粉砂质泥岩和泥质粉砂岩样品的稀土元素地球化学研究表明:样品 ω(ΣREE) 整体较高,ω(ΣLREE)/ω(ΣHREE)及(La/Yb)_N等比值显示其具有较弱的轻、重稀土元素分异;Ce_anom,Ce/Ce^*,Eu/Eu^*等参数反映样品主要形成于具有一定深度的浅海还原环境;(La/Yb)_N值自下而上呈降低趋势,表明下部的沉积速率低于上部。稀土元素组合及其比值特征指示展金组物源以玄武岩和沉积岩混合为主。根据La-Th-Sc构造背景判别图解分析,并与不同构造背景下的杂砂岩稀土元素特征比较,认为展金组沉积岩的物源可能来自于具有类似岛弧构造特征的环境。     

羌北地块中-晚侏罗世雁石坪群古地磁新结果

本文报道青藏高原羌北地区中-晚侏罗世雁石坪群古地磁新结果.对采自青海省格尔木市唐古拉山乡雁石坪剖面(33.6°N, 92.1°E)11个灰岩采点(118块)和10个碎屑岩采点(99块)定向样品系统古地磁学研究表明,大部分样品的退磁曲线具有双分量特征.低温分量方向在地理坐标系下较为集中,应该为地层褶皱之后的黏滞剩磁.高温特征剩磁分量方向可分为两类:(1)索瓦组(J₃s)和布曲组(J₂b)灰岩,以磁铁矿为主要载磁矿物,高温特征剩磁分量(D_s=355.7°,I_s=42.1°,k=58.2,α₉₅=6°)可通过99%置信度的褶皱检验.(2)雪山组(J₂x)和雀莫错组(J₂q)碎屑岩,以赤铁矿、磁铁矿为主要载磁矿物,高温特征剩磁分量(D_s=3.3°,I_s=28.9°,k=30.7,α₉₅=8.9°)可通过95%置信度的倒转检验和99%置信度的褶皱检验.两组分量都应该是岩石形成时的原生剩磁信息.碎屑岩组的磁倾角比灰岩组偏低13°左右,其剩磁方向很可能存在着与压实作用相关的剩磁倾角变浅的状况.本文取灰岩组平均磁化方向作为雁石坪群的原生剩磁分量,获得羌北地区雁石坪群古磁极位置:80.0°N,295.2°E(dp/dm=7.4/4.5).古地磁结果表明,羌北-昌都地区晚石炭-晚二叠世期间位于南纬中低纬度地区,早三叠世以后开始大规模北向漂移,至中-晚侏罗世已到达24.3°N.其快速北向运动主要发生在早三叠至早侏罗世期间(3500 km左右),与现今位置相比中晚侏罗世之后的北向迁移总量为900 km左右.     

羌塘盆地冻土层结构核磁共振信号响应研究与实践

为了了解羌塘盆地冻土层的结构,利用核磁共振测深(MRS)技术对羌塘盆地的两个研究区进行了野外勘探。结合室内实验及野外实际资料,冻土层基本无法引起仪器核磁共振响应是划分冻土层和探测水合物的重要证据。在钻井附近进行的MRS方法对试验点进行测量并采集到了NMR信号,分析认为是天然气水合物处在亚稳定状态,分解产生水或者液态烃,形成水-水合物-气三相共存的情况,引起了NMR反应。实践表明可以将MRS方法运用于探测陆域冻土带分布以及冻土带,该方法对于冻土层的结构划分具有十分重要的科学意义和应用价值。      

Geochronology of the Duguer range metamorphic rocks,Central Tibet: implications for the changing tectonic setting of the South Qiangtang subterrane

The Duguer area represents one of the few occurrences of high-grade metamorphic rocks in the ‘Central Uplift’ zone of the Qiangtang terrane, central Tibet. The metamorphic rocks consist mainly of orthogneiss, paragneiss, and schist. To better understand the formation of these rocks, seven samples of gneiss and schist from the Duguer area were selected for in situ zircon U–Pb analysis and Ar–Ar dating of metamorphic minerals. The results suggest two distinct metamorphic stages, during the Late Triassic (229–227 Ma) and Late Jurassic (150–149 Ma). These stages correspond to the closure of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean and northward subduction of the Bangong–Nujiang Neo-Tethys oceanic crust, respectively. We suggest that the Late Triassic metamorphic rocks of the Duguer area in the central South Qiangtang subterrane provide evidence of continental collision between the North and South Qiangtang subterranes, following the subduction of oceanic crust. It is likely that deep subduction of oceanic crust occurred along the Longmu Co–Shuanghu–Lancangjiang suture zone (LSLSZ), which would have hindered exhumation owing to the high density of oceanic crust. Subsequent break-off and delamination of the subducted oceanic slab at ~220 Ma may have resulted in exhumation of high-pressure and high-grade metamorphic rocks in the South Qiangtang subterrane. The Late Jurassic ages of metamorphism and deformation obtained in this study indicate the occurrence of an Andean-type orogenic event within the South Qiangtang subterrane. This hypothesis is further supported by an apparent age gap in magmatic activity (150–130 Ma) along the magmatic arc, and the absence of Late Jurassic sediments.     

羌塘盆地石炭—二叠系烃源岩地球化学特征讨论

长期以来,羌塘盆地烃源岩的研究一直限于中生代地层,而对其古生代地层生烃能力一直缺乏系统研究。针对这一问题,本文选择羌塘盆地石炭—二叠系8条剖面的暗色泥岩及碳酸盐岩样品,对其从有机质丰度、有机质类型和热演化程度等方面进行了有机地球化学特征的分析。研究发现,石炭—二叠系可能烃源岩类型包括泥岩和碳酸盐岩两种,其分布总体上受沉积相的控制,碳酸盐岩烃源岩可能为局限台地相发育的泥晶灰岩,而泥质烃源岩主要为三角洲及斜坡相发育的暗色泥岩及凝灰质泥岩。石炭—二叠纪泥岩有机碳含量较高,具有较好生烃能力,大多达到烃源岩标准,尤其是刻莫石炭系剖面及贡日二叠系剖面,大多为中等—好烃源岩。碳酸盐岩有机碳含量总体比较低,为非烃源岩。石炭—二叠系碳酸盐岩烃源岩有机质类型为Ⅱ1型,泥质烃源岩有机质类型主要为Ⅱ2-Ⅲ型。石炭—二叠系烃源岩热演化程度总体较高,除盆地东部刻莫石炭系剖面处在成熟阶段外,大都处在高成熟—过成熟阶段,非常有利于天然气的生成,具备良好的天然气勘探前景。     

Sedimentary Conditions of Evaporites in the Late Jurassic Xiali Formation, Qiangtang Basin: Evidence from Geochemistry Records

The Qiangtang Basin (QB), located in the central Tibetan Plateau, is a Jurassic marine basin and one of the most important prospective salt resource belts in China. In recent decades, many outcrops of gypsiferous?bed have been found in the Jurassic marine strata in the basin. Salt springs with abnormally high sodium (Na+) contents had been identified in the Late Jurassic Xiali Formation (Fm.) in the basin in the last years. However, to date, no potash or halite deposits have been identified in the QB. Gypsum outcrops and salt springs are very important?signs in the investigation of halite and potash deposits. Therefore, the Xiali Fm. is?a potentially valuable layer to evaluate for the possible presence of halite and potash deposits in the basin. However,?few studies?have explored the formation?conditions of evaporites in the unit. Here, we present detailed geochemical records from the Yanshiping section related to the study of the formation?conditions of evaporites in the Xiali Fm. of the QB. Climate proxies based on the obviously increased anion concentrations of SO42? and Cl? and the significant correlation?coefficients of Ca2+-SO42? (R = 0.985) and Na+-Cl? (R = 0.8974) reveal that the upper member of the Xiali Fm. (the upper Xiali Fm.) formed under an arid climate and evolved into the sulfate phase or early chloride phase. Provenance proxies based on the obviously increased K+ and Na+ ion concentrations and the significant correlation?coefficient of Na+-Cl? (R = 0.8974) suggest that the upper Xiali Fm. featured optimal provenance conditions for the possible formation of halite deposits. The regression and the semi-closed tidal?flat environment in the upper Xiali Fm. were favorable for the formation of potash and halite deposits. The low Mg2+ /Ca2+ values (mean value = 1.82) and significant Na+-Cl? correlation?coefficient (R = 0.8974) also suggest that the upper Xiali Fm. is the layer most likely to contain potential halite deposits. In addition, the macroscopic correlations of tectonism, provenance, paleoclimate, saliferous strata and sedimentary?environment between the QB and the adjoining Amu Darya Basin in Central Asia reveal that the two basins shared similar geologic settings that were favorable for the formation of evaporites during the Late Jurassic. Therefore, the upper Xiali Fm. is a valuable layer to explore for halite deposit and may be potentially valuable in the future exploration for potash deposits in the QB.     

拉萨和羌塘地块地震活动和热前兆现象及其机理研究

青藏地块活动区南部的II级拉萨和羌塘地块内部的M≥6.5强震活动比北部的巴颜喀拉、 柴达木和祁连II级地块内部明显活跃, 这可能与拉萨和羌塘地块处于地壳厚度较大、 较高的热状态和较低的正断层剪切强度等地学背景下, 导致地壳强度较弱有关。 拉萨和羌塘地块内部两次拉张性正断层活动的强震(2008年于田7.3级和当雄6.6级)前热异常的震例, 可能与临震前孕震区及邻近断层带扩容, 以及中下地壳低速层熔融物质或流体的进入有关。     

藏北羌塘盆地晚三叠世地层特征与对比

羌塘盆地上三叠统日干配错组、土门各拉组和肖茶卡组、那底岗日组分别分布于南、北羌塘凹陷。在以往研究和笔者在中国地质调查局青藏重点沉积盆地油气资源潜力分析项目工作基础上,通过对各地层单元的详细研究和区域对比,从古生物、岩石组合、沉积系列、地层单元的接触关系、年代地层进行了综合分析。结果显示北羌塘凹陷那底岗日组与南羌塘凹陷日干配错组和土门各拉组的时代主要为晚三叠世诺利期—瑞替期,三者为羌塘晚三叠世诺利期—瑞替期裂陷盆地形成过程中的同期异相的火山-沉积系列。北羌塘凹陷肖茶卡组的是残留陆表海沉积产物,其时代主要为晚三叠世卡尼期-诺利期早期,与那底岗日组、日干配错组和土门各拉组均为上下对比关系。