The application of GPR and ERI in combination with exposure logging and retrodeformation analysis to characterize sinkholes and reconstruct their impact on fluvial sedimentation

This work illustrates the practicality of investigating sinkholes integrating data gathered by ground penetrating radar (GPR), electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) and trenching or direct logging of the subsidence‐affected sediments in combination with retrodeformation analysis. This mutidisciplinary approach has been tested in a large paleosinkhole developed during the deposition of a Quaternary terrace on salt‐bearing evaporites. The subsidence structure, exposed in an artificial excavation, is located next to Puilatos, a village that was abandoned in the 1970s due to severe subsidence damage. Detailed logging of the exposure revealed that the subsidence structure corresponds to an asymmetric sagging and collapse paleosinkhole with no clear evidence of recent activity. The sedimentological and structural relationships together with the retrodeformation analysis indicate that synsedimentary subsidence controlled channel location, the development of a palustrine environment and local changes in the channel pattern. GPR profiles were acquired using an array of systems with different antenna frequencies, including some recently developed shielded antennas with improved vertical resolution and penetration depth. Although radargrams imaged the faulted sagging structure and provided valuable data on fault throw, they did not satisfactorily image the complex architecture of the fluvial deposit. ERI showed lower resolution but higher penetration depth when compared to GPR, roughly capturing the subsidence structure and yielding information on the thickness of the high‐resistivity alluvium and the nature of the underlying low‐resistivity karstic residue developed on top of the halite‐bearing evaporitic bedrock. Data comparison allows the assessment of the advantages and limitations of these complementary techniques, highly useful for site‐specific sinkhole risk management. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

第二深度空间金属矿产探查与东北战略后备基地的建立和可持续发展

我国正处于快速工业化和经济腾飞的前夜,对金属矿产资源的需求必将日益增大,而第一深度空间（0~500 m）找矿、勘探和开发的资源量远远不足,且十分紧缺。为此,在多元利用世界资源的同时,必须立足本土,迅速强化进行第二深度空间(500~2 000 m)高精度地球物理找矿、勘探与开发,并从速在我国东北地区建立起金属矿产资源安全、可靠、稳定供给的战略后备基地,以保证我国社会与经济的可持续发展。这是因为金属矿产资源的形成与聚集取决于深部物质与能量的交换和其深层物理-力学-化学作用过程与其动力学响应。 为此,本文将讨论以下6个问题： （1）当今世界上各国对金属矿产资源的需求势态。 （2）我国在快速工业化和腾飞前夜对金属矿产资源的需求与对外依存度。 （3）我国必需金属矿产资源的保障途径之一,世界资源的多元化利用。 （4）中国在共享世界资源的同时,必须立足于本土。 （5）我国东北多金属矿产资源的深入找矿、勘探、开发和利用与我国东北地域金属矿产资源战略后备基地的建设。 （6）必须迅速强化开展地壳内部第二深度空间金属矿产资源的地球物理找矿、勘探与开发。     

STYLE AND CONSEQUENCE OF STRAIN PARTITION IN THE NORTHEAST MARGIN OF QINGHAI—TIBET PLATEAU

STYLE AND CONSEQUENCE OF STRAIN PARTITION IN THE NORTHEAST MARGIN OF QINGHAI—TIBET PLATEAU     

东北大西洋北海渔场鱼类群落结构年际变化研究

根据2001-2015年东北大西洋北海渔场进行的国际底拖网调查渔获数据,采用生物多样性指数和多元统计分析研究该海域群落结构的年际变化,并利用格局转变贯序t检验的方法研究鱼类种群的转变规律,结合环境因素与捕捞因素分析群落结构变化的原因。结果显示:2001-2015年北海渔场共出现280种渔业资源,其中鱼类有222种,资源丰度波动较大;物种多样性整体呈上升趋势。聚类分析和非度量多维标度排序分析表明,研究期间大致分为2001-2003年、2004-2011年和2012-2015年3个阶段。大西洋鲱分别在2004年和2014年种群结构发生格局转变,格局转变指数（RSI）分别为-0.45和0.41;黑线鳕在2003年和2012年格局发生转变,RSI值分别为-0.58和-0.66;黍鲱在2014年格局发生转变,RSI值为2。通过对环境因素与捕捞因素的分析发现,北海渔场群落格局第一次发生转变主要受捕捞因素影响,第二次发生转变主要受环境因素影响。     

Major element composition of the pelites of the Scottish Dalradian

Major element composition of the available analysed pelitic rocks of the Dalradian of Scotland is examined in relation to geographical position, mineralogy, metamorphic grade and stratigraphy. Some of the large variations found are due to geographical position, possibly reflecting different provenance. A major compositional difference exists between the two lower Barrovian metamorphic zones and the four higher zones. This is considered to be a reflection of the original sedimentary composition and large scale metasomatism is not considered likely.     

桂东北D/C界线沉积特征及对台盆相间演化的启示

台盆相间是桂东北泥盆纪和石炭纪沉积的重要特色,而D/C界线又是台盆相间沉积最突出的一个时段之一。文章回顾并评述了桂东北D/C界线的研究历程、相序划分、主要代表剖面,认为桂东北D/C界线可划分为碎屑岩相序和碳酸盐岩相序以及它们的过渡类型。通过对20条典型剖面的岩性组合特征对比,恢复了桂东北D/C界线海平面相对下降期的岩相古地理,结果显示桂东北在该时期主要存在柳州、桂林两大台地以及多个小型台地,台地间普遍发育快速相变的台沟、盆地沉积,石炭纪初期海水变浅,台地分布范围显著扩大,江南古陆供给增强,台盆相间格局迅速发展。为了进一步探讨桂东北D/C界线的演化过程和背后的控制因素,文章分析了广西整体的台盆相间演化的阶段性、同沉积构造作用以及海平面变化的影响,梳理了台盆相间演化过程中沉积环境分异与构造运动- 海平面的关系,认为在滇黔桂裂谷盆地在持续断陷发展的前提下,桂东北D/C界线沉积分异的主要原因可能是受冈瓦纳大陆冰川形成与消融导致的海平面异常波动,以及柳江运动引发的局部同沉积断陷强度差异变动影响,且构造和沉积要素在D/C界线的耦合作用达到最强,最终促进桂东北台盆相间格局在D/C界线达到鼎盛。在此模式下,可以将台盆相间的演化划分为4个阶段,早泥盆世中期—晚期为台盆相间格局的孕育期,早泥盆世晚期—中泥盆世晚期沉积开始分异,为台盆相间格局的发展期,晩泥盆世—早石炭世台- 盆出现强烈分割,海平面异常下降和柳江运动同时作用于沉积,为台盆相间格局的鼎盛期,早石炭世之后,台盆相间沉积维持了一定时期的强度,晚石炭世开始海水逐步恢复正常后台盆相间逐渐减弱,为台盆相间格局的衰退期。     

崇明东北潮滩泥沙输运过程的研究

潮滩泥沙的输运过程是河口近岸泥沙输运的重要组成部分,也是诊断潮滩侵蚀-淤积的重要动力指标,特别是在地貌演变过程显著的区域更具指示意义.本研究选择长江口崇明岛东北部潮滩,在2018年3月30日-4月10日进行三脚架多参数观测,获取了高分辨率的流速、含沙量等剖面数据,运用机制分解法分析了连续21个潮周期的泥沙输运过程.结果...     

Amphipod intersex, metals and latitude: A perspective

Intersexuality has been widely reported in crustaceans with several mechanisms being directly or indirectly held responsible for its occurrence, amongst which pollution. No mechanistic relationship between metals and intersex has ever been established. Also the incidence of intersex in populations of the same invertebrate species in a latitudinal gradient has never been studied so far. Three populations (Iceland, Scotland and Portugal) of the amphipod Echinogammarus marinus were scrutinized. Intersex females from Iceland registered the highest fecundity loss. Only in Scottish samples females with two genital papillae and males with only one genital papillae were observed. Nevertheless, water, biota and sediment samples pointed to equivalent metal levels, and in consonance the prevalence of intersex was not significantly different between locations. An unequivocal relationship between metal presence and intersex induction cannot be presented, but our results advocate the potential role of metals as a direct cause of intersexuality in E. marinus.     

基于GIS的粮食生产安全预警研究——以东北三省为例

本文借鉴国内外有关预警理论和实践的最新成果,对粮食生产安全预警的基本方法进行了探讨,建立了基于全国的区域粮食生产安全预警模型,并以东北三省为例,借助GIS进行实证研究。研究结果表明,吉林和辽宁两省2000年粮食生产安全程度低于2003年,而黑龙江省则相反,2000年的粮食生产安全程度则高于2003年,这与东北地区粮食生产实际状况相符,表明该模型可以较客观地反映区域粮食生产状况。文章最后根据模型对东北地区2010年的粮食生产安全进行了预测。     

2009年7月20-22日牡丹江强降雨分析

利用地面、高空观测资料,分析了2009年7月20-22日牡丹江地区的强降雨天气形成原因。此次强降雨主要由东北冷涡配合低空急流共同作用产生,东北冷涡使大气低层辐合、高层辐散,其产生的抽气机效应使上升运动加强;低空急流为降雨提供了充沛的水汽输送。此次强降水,日本数值预报产品预报出了降水中心,与实况比较吻合。研究结果对提高东北冷涡影响下的牡丹江地区强降水预报具有一定指导作用。