四川盆地东北部上三叠统须家河组四段物源分析

四川盆地东北部地区上三叠统须家河组须四段是油气勘探的重点层段,该地区的沉积受到多物源的影响.通过对研究区重矿物、碎屑组分、岩屑成分和古水流方向的分析,最终确定了研究区须四段的物源来自龙门山、大巴山和米仓山3个方向.其中,元坝西部地区物源来自于龙门山褶皱带方向;元坝东部地区物源来自大巴山褶皱带东南部方向;元坝中部部分地区表现为龙门山和大巴山的混合堆积;通南巴西部地区物源来自米仓山褶皱带方向,通南巴东部物源表现为大巴山和米仓山的混合堆积.     

The discovery of Isocrinus cf. robustus from the Lias Group (Lower Jurassic) near Dunrobin Castle, Sutherland, Scotland

A single stem section (pluricolumnal) belonging to a post-Palaeozoic crinoid (sea lily) is reported from a small outcrop of Lower Jurassic Lias Group strata exposed in low cliff near Dunrobin Castle. This is the first Jurassic crinoid recorded from Eastern Scotland and the small fragment has enough diagnostic characters to be assigned to the species Isocrinus cf. robustus; a crinoid found commonly in the Lower Jurassic of England. The Scottish form collected has unusual morphology that is atypical of the genus.     

台湾东北部地形共振对M2内潮演化影响的数值模拟研究

<正>压潮流、突变海底地形和稳定层结结构是内潮生成的主要因素。台湾东北部海域地形结构多变,正压潮流较强,形成复杂的内潮场。本文通过ROMS(Regional Ocean Modeling System)模式,研究了台湾东北部海域两源区共振条件下内潮的生成、传播和耗散混合过程。结果表明:在台湾东北部海域,Mien-Hua海底峡谷与I-lan海脊是M2内潮重要的生成源区,源区之间的距离与M2内潮水平波长相当,满足共振条件并增强了内潮的生成和耗散。本文通过敏感性试验,探讨模式水平分辨率与不同季节的层化对源区共振过程的影响,数值实验表明,高分辨率的数值模式可以更好地刻画小尺度的地形结构,对复杂地形条件下内潮生成和传播过程的数值模拟十分必要;不同季节的海水层化结构在本质上不改变两源区间的共振关系,但层化强弱对内潮能量的生成具有一定程度的影响。     

北极东北航道自然环境风险区划——以俄罗斯北部海域为例

在全球变暖背景下,针对北极海冰融化和东北航道开通的航行风险问题,采用风险评估理论,利用海冰密度、风速、能见度、气温和高程等指标数据,构建风险指标体系,开展了对北极东北航道主要航段自然环境危险性风险(以下简称综合风险)的评估与区划等工作,讨论各指标因子对综合风险的贡献度,得到如下结果:1)经验上来看,北极东北航道适宜通航的月份为7~10月,从风险量化角度分析得出东北航道7~10月自然环境风险较其它月份低,对经验结论进行了验证。2)研究区综合风险分布为"东高西低",即巴伦支海的综合风险较低,咯拉海、拉普捷夫海和东西伯利亚海风险较高。3)可通航月内(7~10月),9月份综合风险最低,其次是8、7月份,10月份综合风险最高。4)除去个别年份(2008和2009年),研究区在2004~2015年综合风险呈现下降趋势,2015年达到最低值。5)敏感性分析得:海冰对综合风险的贡献度最大;风速、水深次之;气温对综合风险贡献最小。     

Upper Pleistocene‐Holocene geomorphic changes dictating sedimentation rates and historical land use in the valley system of the Chifeng region,Inner Mongolia,northern China

This study focuses on the late Quaternary landscape evolution in the Chifeng region of Inner Mongolia, China, its relations to the history of the Pleistocene‐Holocene loess accumulation, erosion and redeposition, and their impact on human occupation. Based on 57 optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages of loess sediments, fluvial sand and floodplain deposits accumulated on the hill slopes and floodplains, we conclude that during most of the Pleistocene period the region was blanketed by a thick layer of aeolian loess, as well as by alluvial and fluvial deposits. The loess section is divided into two main units that are separated by unconformity. The OSL ages at the top of the lower reddish loess unit yielded an approximate age of 193 ka, roughly corresponding to the transition from MIS 7 to 6, though they could be older. The upper gray loess unit accumulated during the upper Pleistocene glacial phase (MIS 4–3) at a mean accumulation rate of 0·22 m/ka. Parallel to the loess accumulation on top of the hilly topography, active fans were operating during MIS 4–2 at the outlet of large gullies surrounding the major valley at a mean accumulation rate of 0·24 m/ka. This co‐accumulation indicates that gullies have been a long‐term geomorphic feature at the margins of the Gobi Desert since at least the middle Pleistocene. During the Holocene, the erosion of the Pleistocene loess on the hills led to the burial of the valley floors by the redeposited sediments at a rate that decreases from 3·2 m/ka near the hills to 1–0·4 m/ka¹ in the central part of the Chifeng Valley. This rapid accumulation and the frequent shifts of the courses of the river prevented the construction of permanent settlements in the valley floors, a situation which changed only with improved man‐made control of the local rivers from the tenth century AD. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

汶川Ms8.0地震前后青藏块体东北缘的垂直形变

利用区域水准、跨断裂水准资料,分析了2008年汶川8.0级地震前后青藏块体东北缘地壳垂直形变。结果表明：震前近10年,垂直形变具有明显的区域性和差异化特征。其中,祁连 河西地区垂直形变主要反映祁连山下沉、河西走廊相对抬升的逆继承性运动;西吉、海原、固原地区构造运动相对平稳;兰州、天水、漳县 武都以西的岷山隆起抬升速率明显增大并伴有形变高梯度带。这主要反映了震前青藏高原北向推挤作用相对减弱,东向挤压作用明显增强;震后,2008年8—10月的观测显示,垂直形变出现反向大幅变化;2006—2008年岷山隆起区相对临夏呈现逆继承性的快速下沉,反映由于地震的发生,导致青藏高原东向挤压运动减弱;2010年的监测表明,垂直形变幅度减小,2008—2010年合作相对临夏仍呈现反向下沉,但差异运动明显减弱,显示当前包括岷山隆起在内的区域构造活动已基本趋于稳定。     

青藏块体东北缘潜在强震震源研究

依据单一力源模型的基本原理 ,利用青藏块体东北缘多年来水准观测垂直位移资料 ,反演该区 2 0a来中强地震的潜在震源力学参数与未来可能的危险区域 ,得到 :①如果确定所选研究区仅有一个等价强震力源 ,反演的强震力源与实际震中符合度较好 ,这对中强地震地点的预测有一定的参考价值 ;②在青藏块体东北缘6级左右的地震 ,比较合理的可研究范围一般为震源有效半径的 1 0倍 ,对应的等价力源的量级约为 1 0 1 1 N ;③从 1 995～ 2 0 0 0年的分区模拟结果看 ,在祁连的中段存在一个潜在的等价强震力源 (1× 1 0 1 1 N) ;另外 ,在青海与甘肃南部交界处存在一个潜在的等价强震力源 ,该力源深度为 5km ,大小达到 5× 1 0 1 1 N。     

The chronology and long term dynamics of a low energy river system: the Kelvin Valley,central Scotland

The long term (Holocene) channel and floodplain dynamics of a low gradient, low energy, fine grained aggradational fluvial system within a formerly glaciated landscape in central Scotland, the Kelvin Valley, are described from a series of sediment stratigraphic transects and 12 ¹⁴C assays in a headwater reach between Kirkintilloch and Kilsyth. The ¹⁴C assays and dated archaeological sites on the floodplain together suggest that the River Kelvin ceased to aggrade more than 2000 years ago, probably much more, so the 4–6 m of channel and floodplain deposits are almost entirely of early to mid‐Holocene age. The Kelvin Valley is characterized, despite its low flow characteristics, by a highly variable floodplain architecture, in which some transects suggest long term channel stability and strong partitioning of floodplain sedimentation and others indicate high channel mobility. This variation makes the application of general models of fluvial evolution difficult. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

江西弋阳铁砂街中元古代海底火山喷流成矿作用

江西弋阳铁砂街铜矿产于中元古代晚期海相火山岩中,矿床在大地构造环境、含矿地层建造、矿体形态、喷流岩组合、喷流岩主量－微量－稀土元素地球化学、同位素地球化学方面都具有海底火山喷流沉积的典型特征,是扬子板块、华夏板块边缘中元古代裂谷海底火山喷流沉积作用的产物。