Aseismic negative dislocation model and deformation analysis of crustal horizontal movement during 1999——2001 in the northeast margin of Qinghai-Xizang block

Through numerical simulation for GPS data, aseism/c negative dislocation model for crustal horizontal movement during 1999-2001 in the northeast margin of Qinghai-Xizang block is presented, combined with the spatial distri-bution of apparent strain field in this area, the characteristics of motion and deformation of active blocks and their boundary faults, together with the place and intensity of strain accumulation are analyzed. It is shown that: a) 9 active blocks appeared totally clockwise motion from eastward by north to eastward by south. Obvious sinistral strike-slip and NE-NEE relative compressive motion between the blocks separated by Qilianshan-Haiyuan fault zone was discovered; b) 20 fault segments (most of them showed compression) locked the relative motion between blocks to varying degrees, among the total, the mid-east segment of Qilianshan fault (containing the place where it meets Riyueshan-Lajishan fault) and the place where it meets Haiyuan fault and Zhuanglanghe fault, more favored accumulation of strain. Moreover, the region where Riyueshan-Lajishan fault meets north boundary of Qaidam block may have strain accumulation to some degree, c) Obtained magnitude of block velocities and locking of their boundaries were less than relevant results for observation in the period of 1993-1999.     

青藏高原东北侧一次MCC环境流场特征分析

对１９９１年７月２８日青藏高原东北侧发生的一次中尺度对流复合体天气过程进行了环境和要素场分析，给出该类天气过程预报提示。     

Exploration Indices and Mineral Potential Map of the Kuroko Deposits in Northeast Japan

Abstract. Recent discoveries of seafloor hydrothermal mineralization in submarine volcanic centers of felsic magma in western Pacific island arcs are regarded as modern analogues of Kuroko type deposits. Studies of these deposits and their surrounding geology raised question whether the exploration activity for the Kuroko deposits on land which peaked in the 1960's was adequate or not. However, such an evaluation is not easy because the exploration data are about to be lost as a result of the closure of all the Kuroko mines in the area since 1994.
The Metal Mining Agency of Japan (MMAJ), therefore, decided to compile existing data on about 180 Kuroko deposits and related mineral occurrences in northeast Japan as a new Kuroko database.
This study extends a concept called "exploration indices" which was developed based on a case study of the thoroughly surveyed Hokuroku district to draw a potential map of the Kuroko occurrences for the entire northeast Japan quantitatively with a Geographical Information System (GIS). Effective exploration indices include: 1) distribution of dacitic-rhy-olitic submarine volcanic rocks of the Nishikurosawa and Onnagawa stages, 2) distribution of intrusive rocks of pre- and post-Kuroko horizon, 3) low aeromagnetic anomaly caused by hydrothermal alteration of magnetite, 4) low gravity anomaly which suggests depressions in the basement rocks such as a tectonic basin and/or caldera, and 5) nearby existence of vein type deposits. It is concluded that about 33 % of known Kuroko deposits fall within the high potential zone (score=4 and 5) that occupies only 4 % of the entire northeast Japan arc. The Kuroko potential map is, therefore, useful for limiting the target area for Kuroko type deposits in an island arc setting.     

Knickpoint recession rate and catchment area: the case of uplifted rivers in Eastern Scotland

Knickpoint behaviour is a key to understanding both the landscape responses to a base‐level fall and the corresponding sediment fluxes from rejuvenated catchments, and must be accommodated in numerical models of large‐scale landscape evolution. Knickpoint recession in streams draining to glacio‐isostatically uplifted shorelines in eastern Scotland is used to assess whether knickpoint recession is a function of discharge (here represented by its surrogate, catchment area). Knickpoints are identified using DS plots (log slope versus log downstream distance). A statistically significant power relationship is found between distance of headward recession and catchment area. Such knickpoint recession data may be used to determine the values of m and n in the stream power law, E = KA^mSⁿ. The data have too many uncertainties, however, to judge definitively whether they are consistent with m = n = 1 (bedrock erosion is proportional to stream power and KPs should be maintained and propagate headwards) or m = 0·3, n = 0·7 (bedrock incision is proportional to shear stress and KPs do not propagate but degrade in place by rotation or replacement). Nonetheless, the E Scotland m and n values point to the dominance of catchment area (discharge) in determining knickpoint retreat rates and are therefore more consistent with the stream power law formulation in which bedrock erosion is proportional to stream power. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

5—6月东北冷涡持续活动及强度特征

利用1960—2012年5—6月NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,基于冷涡经典定义,采取客观识别方法检索东北冷涡活动过程,根据东北冷涡活动时空变化特征给出东北冷涡持续活动过程标准, 通过冷涡强度指数进行定量化分析,该指数对冷涡持续活动过程具有较好表征意义。冷涡活动强对应5月乌拉尔山阻塞高压、贝加尔湖阻塞高压和6月鄂霍次克海阻塞高压活动频繁。通过强弱指数年合成,得到6月强指数年冷涡系统较深厚,集中于对流层中高层,冷心结构明显,具有一定大气斜压特征; 高层存在冷中心,低层有冷空气活动,中高层西风带呈明显的上游分流和下游汇合特征,分汇流之间呈东北高、西南低的偶极子阻塞形势;弱指数年冷涡系统较浅薄,主要集中在对流层中低层,冷心结构不明显,不存在阻塞形势。     

东北帕米尔中新世中下地壳物质的折返过程：公格尔西滑脱剪切带的构造变形与年代学证据

公格尔西滑脱剪切带位于东北帕米尔公格尔片麻岩穹窿西缘。通过我们详细的野外观测、显微构造观察、石英电子背散射衍射(EBSD)测试以及锆石U-Pb测年,对公格尔西滑脱剪切带的几何学、运动学特征及其形成演化时限进行了研究。公格尔西滑脱剪切带糜棱岩中大量的石榴子石、矽线石和蓝晶石等表明其为高级变质产物。S/C组构、旋转碎斑及不对称褶皱等变形现象说明剪切带上盘向W或SW低角度剪切的运动特征。高级变质糜棱岩和浅色岩脉记录约20 Ma的206 U-238Pb锆石年龄,说明公格尔西滑脱剪切带初始形成于早中新世。结合前人研究成果,我们认为公格尔西滑脱剪切带曾是狭长的帕米尔中下地壳滑脱带的最北段。由于新生代印度亚洲大陆碰撞以后印度板块仍持续向N俯冲推进,帕米尔地壳由S向N开始增厚,进变质作用最初发生于南帕米尔,约20 Ma时到达北帕米尔。东北帕米尔中下地壳物质开始折返于中新世中期。而直到6~4 Ma,东北帕米尔公格尔地区开始快速隆起,此时公格尔新生代高级变质岩才快速折返。     

湘南—桂东北地区寒武—奥陶纪沉积岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学特征及其地质意义

本文利用LA-ICP-MS分析技术,对湘南—桂东北地区寒武纪和奥陶纪沉积岩进行了碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究。获得有效年龄数据239组,年龄值变化范围较大(3146~474 Ma),主要集中分布于2633~2473 Ma(峰值2500Ma),1880~1521 Ma(峰值1650 Ma),1146~911 Ma(峰值970 Ma),896~720 Ma(峰值800 Ma)和682~474 Ma(峰值520 Ma)5个时间段。4件样品均记录了古太古代—中太古代年龄信息,同时以1146~911 Ma和896~720 Ma两个时间段年龄最集中,反映全球Grenville造山事件和全球Rodinia超大陆裂解事件对研究区影响显著。此外,本次还获得大量泛非期(520 Ma左右)锆石年龄,认为全球泛非事件对华夏地块及其邻区影响显著,反映华夏地块与冈瓦纳大陆可能有一定亲缘性。结合前人资料,认为研究区位于华夏地块和扬子地块西南段碰撞拼合带,研究区地层同时接受两地块物质沉积,物源主要来自华夏地块。     

西秦岭上白垩统红层空间分布及其对青藏高原东北缘隆升的地质约束

通过对西秦岭上白垩统红层地层基本沉积特征的研究和空间高程分布的定量化分析,讨论了西秦岭晚白垩世时期可能的构造地貌状态及西秦岭新生代以来地壳隆升的空间变化规律。取得如下认识:1根据西秦岭上白垩统底部洪积-冲积砾岩层之上普遍存在一套厚度不等的具有风成砂岩特征的红色中细粒砂岩和上部出现以泥岩、泥质粉砂岩为主的湖相沉积,结合现今多分布在不同水系分水岭之上,以及西秦岭中部宕昌-岷县-临潭断裂带两侧上白垩统红层地层顶面高程和底部角度不整合面高程没有显著差异分析,认为西秦岭无论在晚白垩之前经历了何种构造过程,晚白垩世具有整体稳定的泛沙漠-湖盆的古构造地貌状态,且断裂带不具备控制上白垩统沉积的构造边界性质;2现今离散型分布在西秦岭的上白垩统沉积地层反映的原型盆地不是孤立的、受区域断裂控制的山间盆地,而是统一的泛沙漠-内陆湖盆,现今的离散型分布是新生代以来地壳不均匀隆升和侵蚀的结果;3西秦岭上白垩统底部的角度不整合面产状,虽然由于后期构造变动呈非完全水平状态,但总体产状平缓。从大区域尺度分析,可以近似看做原始近水平的古地貌面。通过对该角度不整合面高程信息提取和模拟分析,结果表明,其高程分布具有从南西到北东、从北西到南东逐渐降低,穿越区域断裂带没有显著梯度变化,指示了西秦岭新生代以来的隆升具有整体性和隆升幅度呈连续梯度变化的特征。这可能指示了西秦岭新生代以来的地壳隆升机制主要不是上地壳挤压逆冲缩短,而是在印度板块-欧亚板块碰撞汇聚的动力学背景下,下地壳或上地幔自西南向北东连续流变逐渐增厚,造成了青藏高原东北缘呈向北东突出的弧形扩展隆升。