蒙皂石含量与膨胀土光谱吸收参量相关关系研究

对沿南水北调中线工程邯郸—永年、南阳、平顶山等地区及襄樊、荆门钟祥地区采集的各类地表、近地表膨胀土样品55件,运用现代XRD定量方法和有机染料吸附方法测量了粘土矿物成分和蒙皂石含量,计算了有效蒙皂石含量,同时测定了它们的可见光短波红外光谱,并参量化计算了吸收光谱的位置、深度、宽度、对称性和面积,统计分析了光谱吸收参量与有效蒙皂石含量及胶粒、粘粒含量之间的关系。结果表明:根据蒙皂石2200nm,1900nm,1400nm吸收的相对强度,可以划分不同的膨胀土类型;根据膨胀土实验室光谱1900nm,1400nm吸收深度和吸收宽度可以估算膨胀土的有效蒙皂石含量及胶粒、粘粒含量;吸收对称性和面积不能运用于与有效蒙皂石含量及胶粒、粘粒含量的光谱估算;运用实验室光谱测量分析,可以在工程现场经济、方便、快捷地识别膨胀土、划分膨胀土类型、估算有效蒙皂石含量及胶粒、粘粒含量,能够产业化应用。     

Numerical analysis of an experimental pipe buried in swelling soil

This paper investigates the pipe–soil interaction for pipes buried in expansive soil when subjected to swelling soil movement due to increase in moisture content. A laboratory experiment has been undertaken on a plastic pipe in a large-scale pipe box. A three dimensional numerical model is developed to analyse the pipe response, using FLAC^3D computer program. The pipe is assumed to behave as a linearly elastic material, while the soil is modelled as a nonlinear material with Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion. The water flow and soil/pipe deformations are decoupled, where water flow is calculated using simplified capillary rise theory on the basis of measurements made. A reasonably good agreement between the experimental results and model predictions is reported.     

Swell–consolidation characteristics of artificial sand clay mixes

Many remedial measures have been devised to lessen the damage caused by expansive soils. Physical alteration, chemical stabilization, innovative foundation techniques like belled piers, drilled piers, under-reamed piles and granular pile anchors are some of these remedial measures. Mixing a non swelling material such as gravel or sand to expansive soil is one of the methods of physical alteration. This paper presents experimental data on artificially prepared sand-clay mixes. Swell and consolidation characteristics of these artificially prepared sand-clay mixes were studied in one dimensional consolidometer. Fine sand content and fines content in the expansive soil were arbitrarily varied in the investigation. The fines content was varied as 425–300 μm and 150–75 μm, separated from the same expansive soil based on the grain size. Swell potential and swelling pressure decreased with increasing fine sand content but increased with increasing fines content. Coefficient of compressibility, coefficient of volume compressibility and compression index of the samples decreased initially up to a sand content of 15% and thereafter increased at higher sand contents.     

重塑上海软土的压缩和剪切变形特性试验研究

根据典型上海软土重塑土样的等向压缩试验,测K0与不测K0的单向压缩试验结果,得到不同试验条件下的压缩指数Cc和膨胀指数Cs,并分析了它们之间的关系。进行三轴排水剪切试验,得到了重塑上海软土在不同超固结比和围压下的变形和强度特性,并计算出重塑上海软土的内摩擦角。最后,根据一组不同荷载下的长期单向压缩试验结果,得到重塑上海软土的次压缩系数C?与荷载之间的关系。上述研究得到的初步结论及相关参数可为工程实践、超固结上海软土本构模型的建立提供参考数据。     

掺砂率对膨润土与砂混合物膨胀特性的影响

膨润土与砂混合物的膨胀特性是评估核废料深层地质处置工程长期性能的重要指标。对比不同膨润土及其与砂混合物的膨胀试验结果可知,对纯膨润土及其低掺砂率混合物,浸水膨胀完成后蒙脱石孔隙比em与竖向应力?v在双对数坐标内呈惟一的线性关系,利用该线性关系可预测浸水完成后不同竖向应力下的体积变化量及不同初始状态对应的膨胀力;对高掺砂率混合物,在砂骨架形成之前,em-?v线性关系成立,随着竖向应力的增大,砂骨架形成,对应的em值脱离em-?v线性关系,混合物中掺砂率越大,脱离该线性关系时的竖向应力就越小。砂骨架形成前,砂颗粒被蒙脱石包围,外力由蒙脱石承担,最终变形量由试样中单位体积蒙脱石的含量决定;砂骨架形成后,竖向应力最终由砂骨架和蒙脱石共同承担。利用砂骨架孔隙比的概念可确定各种不同掺砂率混合物形成砂骨架时的应力起偏点。同时,还可确定混合物能够形成砂骨架的掺砂率范围。     

盐溶液饱和高庙子膨润土膨胀特性及预测

甘肃北山被首选为修建高放废物处置库的地区。考虑到该地区地下水中含有总溶解固体（TDS）,选择NaCl-Na2SO4作为溶解固体。以高庙子钠基膨润土为试验材料,利用单向固结仪,进行不同TDS浓度盐溶液和蒸馏水饱和的膨胀试验。根据蒙脱石孔隙比的概念,统一整理了饱和高庙子膨润土在盐溶液和蒸馏水饱和下的膨胀特性。结果表明,当TDS浓度为12.3 g/L（预选处置库区的最高离子浓度）时,在双对数坐标中蒙脱石孔隙比与膨胀力关系和干密度与膨胀力关系均呈直线且平行于蒸馏水的试验结果;对于给定干密度试样,膨胀力的对数与TDS浓度呈线性关系。根据以上试验结果,给出了由高庙子钠基膨润土的设计干密度和离子浓度计算相应膨胀力和膨胀变形的表达式。     

A Comparative Evaluation of the Geotechnical Index Properties of Clayey Sediments along the West Coast of India

Sediment core samples collected during geotechnical surveys along the West Coast of India in the near shore areas of Arabian Sea have generated data on the geotechnical index properties of clayey sediments up to nearly 5 m depth below seafloor. A comparative study of three sectors within themselves is attempted before carrying out a final evaluation between the sectors. Cohesive clayey sediments of Gujarat sector are comparable though widely variant in a few aspects; in the Maharashtra-Goa-Karnataka sector though, plasticity levels and clay type vary, and activity and consistency levels are quite similar. Though broadly comparable, the clayey sediments of Kerala-Tamilnadu sector have quite diverse characteristics that fail to conform to any particular pattern as each area has an exclusive set of geotechnical properties.     

淮南刘庄煤矿人工冻融土的冻胀与融沉研究

安徽淮南刘庄煤矿主井井塔地基工程采用了人工冻结法施工,因而主井井塔地基土发生冻胀和融沉的变化。为了工程的安全和井塔的稳定,本文对主井井塔地基的人工冻融土进行了冻胀和融沉模拟试验,并对试验数据进行分析和计算。本文对人工冻融土冻胀与融沉性质的研究,填补了我国在这方面研究的不足,为今后该方面的工程施工提供了参考依据。     

气体吸附诱发煤强度劣化的力学模型与数值分析

在吸附性气体作用下,煤体将产生吸附应变,吸附应变通过使煤微观结构重新排列从而诱发煤损伤,并使其力学性质劣化。尽管大量试验证实了吸附性气体将会改变煤的力学特性,然而当前描述煤-气相互作用的力学模型并未将吸附诱发的损伤考虑其中,故也无法考虑气体吸附诱发煤强度劣化。基于此,建立一个考虑气体吸附损伤的双重孔隙介质力学模型,揭示气体吸附过程诱发的两个相互作用：一个是游离气体引起的常规弹性力学作用,一个是吸附气体诱发的内部膨胀应力,并在此基础上考虑两个力学作用所带来了煤的附加损伤。研究结果表明：气体吸附诱发煤基质产生细观损伤,以拉伸损伤为主,这使煤的力学性质劣化,表现为弹性模量和强度的降低。吸附能力越强的气体,诱发煤的微观结构改变越大,损伤越明显,甚至会诱发煤样呈现新的破坏形态。超临界CO2会诱发煤更大的损伤和强度劣化。     

蒙脱石晶体反常膨胀的电解质浓度效应

用不同浓度电解质溶液调制蒙脱石试样进行X射线衍射试验，发现蒙脱石晶体的d001晶面间距在试样失水至极低含水量过程中，存在着反向膨胀的现象，这种反常膨胀与制样时所用电解质溶液浓度有关，但不是因晶层间隔离子的代换造成的，也不是温度变化引起。