重塑膨胀土的三向膨胀力试验研究

用三向胀缩仪对南阳陶岔重塑膨胀土做了12个三向膨胀力试验,9个湿胀干缩试验和9个控制变形的膨胀力试验。试验结果表明,三向膨胀力不等,水平膨胀力小于竖向膨胀力;湿胀干缩使重塑膨胀土的膨胀力降低,第一次干湿循环后膨胀力减小最多;微小的位移可以使膨胀力大大降低,膨胀力与位移呈对数关系;给出了膨胀力与初始含水率和干密度的关系式。     

论广西红粘土的胀缩性能

文章从由碳酸盐岩溶余堆积形成的红粘土引起产生的地裂、房裂等不良工程地质现象入手,以大量的实验资料为基础,指出广西红粘土的胶粒含量,可塑性指标高,具有较强的吸附能力和较强的亲水性,自由膨胀率接近或等于27%.论述了红粘土液限和塑限值在塑性图上的分布规律与一般膨胀土的分布规律相吻合,这种粘土应属于弱至中等级膨胀性粘土,并以收缩变形为其主要特征.     

铜街子水电站坝基岩石单轴压缩与侧限膨胀的试验研究

通过对铜街子水电站坝基岩石进行单轴压缩与侧限膨胀试验，得出了单轴压缩条件下该区膨胀岩发生体胀、非膨胀岩发生体缩的结论。反映在试验现象上，表现为单轴压缩载荷下非膨胀岩受拉破坏和膨胀岩受剪破坏模式。基于细观力学理论对这一现象进行了探讨。铜街子水电站基础岩石的膨胀性质具有重要的工程意义，膨胀性增加了岩石内部的压应力，提高了岩石的抗剪性能，同时膨胀过程中岩石细观结构变化引起其孔隙减小，从而降低了水的渗透能力，有利于基础的稳定。     

CO2吸附对煤岩热弹性模型影响的理论解释

引入煤岩对气体的吸附势函数，并假定吸附势函数是引起多孔介质变形和应力的一个因素，给出了考虑CO2吸附的煤岩热弹性模型的一般形式，分析了CO2吸附对煤岩热弹性模型的影响。结果表明，在弹性范围内，吸附势函数是通过改变热传导方程和热传导的热力学限制条件来间接影响介质的应力和变形的。而对应力一应变之间的关系表达式的形式没有影响。一旦给出自由能函数和吸附势函数的形式，就可以确定考虑气体吸附条件下介质的热弹性本构模型。     

膨胀性硅藻土的力学性质及其灾害效应研究

在云南保山－腾冲高速公路建设中,遇到了与膨胀性硅藻土相关的边坡稳定问题。通过对云南腾冲五合乡、芒棒乡、团田乡多个地质剖面现场调查和室内物质成分、微观结构分析、力学性质测试表明,云南腾冲新近纪芒棒组硅藻土是一种富含膨胀性黏土矿物的黏土质硅藻土,在性状上属于膨胀性极软岩。天然硅藻土具有很强的结构性,导致其物理性质与力学性质的关系与传统岩土力学规律极不相符,如孔隙比高达2.20～2.78、液性指数为0.66～2.73的天然硅藻土单轴抗压强度竟高达1.09～2.11 MPa。综合研究表明,云南保山－腾冲高速公路建设中黏土质硅藻土边坡的滑坡灾害、风化剥落灾害与其工程特性密切相关。     

甘肃敦煌城区DR3地热探采结合孔成井工艺

介绍了甘肃敦煌市区DR3地热探采结合孔成井工艺。该孔成功地引进了遇水膨胀橡胶止水,止水效果可靠,简便。用钻进泥浆泵固井永久止水、有效控制孔斜等技术措施,对类似地热井施工具有一定的参考价值。     

原油族组分在煤中留存能力的研究

研究了煤及其干酪根对不同组分油气的留烃能力.将原油分成5个组分,引入溶胀理论,对低、中、高成熟度的煤及其干酪根在不同溶解度参数的溶剂中进行了溶胀实验,获得不同成熟度的煤及其干酪根的溶胀特征,进而得到不同成熟度的煤及其干酪根对5个组分的留烃能力.R°在0.4%～1.25%范围内的煤及其干酪根,其溶胀比随着煤的成熟度增加而降低;而R°大于1.25%的干酪根,其溶胀度则随着Ⅲ型干酪根的成熟度的增加而升高.在"油窗"范围内,随着成熟度的变化,煤和Ⅲ型干酪根的溶胀比降低,表明其留烃能力在下降.对于具有中等溶解度参数的组分,其留烃能力下降约20%.     

Modeling coupled THM processes of geological porous media with multiphase flow: Theory and validation against laboratory and field scale experiments

A FEM model for analysis of fully coupled multiphase flow, thermal transport and stress/deformation in geological porous media was developed based on the momentum, mass and energy conservation laws of the continuum mechanics and the averaging approach of the mixture theory over a three phase (solid–liquid–gas) system. Six processes (i.e. stress–strain, water flow, gas flow, vapor flow, heat transport and porosity evolution processes) and their coupling effects are considered, which not only makes the problem well-defined, but renders the governing PDEs closed, complete, compact and compatible. Displacements, pore water pressure, pore gas pressure, pore vapor pressure, temperature and porosity are selected as basic unknowns. The physical phenomena such as phase transition, gas solubility in liquid, thermo-osmosis, moisture transfer and moisture swelling are modeled. As a result, the relative humidity and other related variables in porous media can be evaluated on a sounder physical basis. A three dimensional computer code, THYME3D, was developed, with eight degrees of freedom at each node. The laboratory CEA Mock-up test and the field scale FEBEX benchmark test on bentonite performance assessment for underground nuclear waste repositories were used to validate the numerical model and the software. The coupled THM behaviors of the bentonite barriers were satisfactorily simulated, and the effects and impacts of the governing equations, constitutive relations and property parameters on the coupled THM processes were understood in terms of more straightforward interpretation of physical processes at microscopic scale of the porous media. The work developed enables further in-depth research on fully coupled THM or THMC processes in porous media.     

海温观测资料的三维时空分布和偏度特征研究

利用包含Argo和WOD05的历史现场观测数据集,分析研究了全球历史海温观测的三维时宅分布特征,并对观测数据的偏度特征进行研究.研究结果表明:1)海温观测数据在全球许多海域(特别是南大洋和北冰洋)较为稀少,大多数观测集中在北欧沿海、北美的东西部沿海和西北太平洋区域以及其他少数区域;北半球观测数据明显多于南半球;2)海温具有明显的非对称性分布特征,其非正态分布和有偏现象是一个全球的普遍现象,且随着海区和深度而变化;非正态分布网格数量在任意给定的深度层次上占总网格数的比率超过80%:3)海温观测在各水平层次总体上具有正偏的特性,但在黑潮、湾流、南极绕极流等区域呈现出负偏的特征;具有正偏分布特征的区域网格数量占全球网格总数的比例随着深度的增加而增加,至600 m时达到75%左右.     

An upscaling method and a numerical analysis of swelling/shrinking processes in a compacted bentonite/sand mixture

This paper presents an upscaling concept of swelling/shrinking processes of a compacted bentonite/sand mixture, which also applies to swelling of porous media in general. A constitutive approach for highly compacted bentonite/sand mixture is developed accordingly. The concept is based on the diffuse double layer theory and connects microstructural properties of the bentonite as well as chemical properties of the pore fluid with swelling potential. Main factors influencing the swelling potential of bentonite, i.e. variation of water content, dry density, chemical composition of pore fluid, as well as the microstructures and the amount of swelling minerals are taken into account. According to the proposed model, porosity is divided into interparticle and interlayer porosity. Swelling is the potential of interlayer porosity increase, which reveals itself as volume change in the case of free expansion, or turns to be swelling pressure in the case of constrained swelling. The constitutive equations for swelling/shrinking are implemented in the software GeoSys/RockFlow as a new chemo‐hydro‐mechanical model, which is able to simulate isothermal multiphase flow in bentonite. Details of the mathematical and numerical multiphase flow formulations, as well as the code implementation are described. The proposed model is verified using experimental data of tests on a highly compacted bentonite/sand mixture. Comparison of the 1D modelling results with the experimental data evidences the capability of the proposed model to satisfactorily predict free swelling of the material under investigation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.