探地雷达地下界面成像

由Maxwell方程,根据雷达波在介质中的高频传播特性,导出雷达波满足的波动方程。由此求出波速扰动量的成像公式,利用小波变换分析下界面的奇异性,从而达到雷达信号地下界面成像的目的。     

Conceptually-based shot noise modeling of streamflows at short time interval

A conceptual-stochastic approach to short time runoff data modelling is proposed, according to the aim of reproducing the hydrological aspects of the streamflow process and of preserving as much as possible the dynamics of the process itself. This latter task implies preservation of streamflow characteristics at higher scales of aggregation and, within a conceptual framework, involves compatibility with models proposed for the runoff process at those scales. At a daily time scale the watershed response to the effective rainfall is considered as deriving from the response of three linear reservoirs, respectively representing contributions to streamflows of large deep aquifers, with over-year response lag, of aquifers which run dry by the end of the dry season and of subsurface runoff. The surface runoff component is regarded as an uncorrelated point process. Considering the occurrences of effective rainfall events as generated by an independent Poisson process, the output of the linear system represents a conceptually-based multiple shot noise process. Model identification and parameter estimation are supported by information related to the aggregated runoff process, in agreement to the conceptual framework proposed, and this allows parameter parsimony, efficient estimation and effectiveness of the streamflow reproduction. Good performances emerged from the model application and testing made with reference to some daily runoff series from Italian basins.     

孕震系统中的1/f噪声行为

根据自组织临界现象理论,研究7海城、唐山等7个大地震前、后中小地震的活动特征,计算了不同孕震时期地震活动的功率谱特征.初步结果表明描述地震活动的谱幂律指数p值在大震发生前有明显的增高倾向.主震前一年及主震当年,p值一般落在闪变噪声的谱域,其他时间一般很小.最后讨论了地震孕育的物理过程及孕震系统的稳定性.     

图像配准和融合及其在医学影像中的应用

图像配准和融合是图像分析和处理的基本问题，在医学影像、遥感、计算机视觉等领域有着广泛的应用。本文研究它们在多模态医学影像技术中的应用。本文提出并实现了基于Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ变换的图像配准和基于子波变换的图像融合方法，在图像融合中，我们采用特征选择的取大原则，这种准则更适合于来自不同图像中的明显特征     

Analytical methods Of assessing the image quality associated with digital and photographic imaging systems

The introduction of digital cameras for aerial survey photography and use of scanners with processed aerial film present a number of technical questions concerning the way photography is to be acquired in the future. Among the questions to be addressed are the comparative metric properties of images acquired by each system and the associated image quality characteristics. The new digital camera systems will require very careful appraisal, using well-established methods of assessing metric quality already available to survey organisations. The questions concerning image quality are more difficult to answer, as they require very specialised instrumentation if measurements are to be made directly in practice. Over the course of the past several decades a more analytical approach to assessing image quality has emerged, and one that may be used by individuals. The method is particularly effective where information on the micro-image characteristics of products is made available by the manufacturers concerned. An outline is given of some considerations that need to be taken into account when using an analytical approach, with references given for further reading.     

叠前深度偏移述评

叠前深度偏移是理想的改善复杂地区和强横向速度变化的地震资料成像技术,笔者就4种典型叠前深度偏移方法的理论基础与技术特点,存在的问题及国内外最新进展进行了讨论.     

流动VLBI天线系统噪声温度及天线效率测量

我国自行研制的第一套流动VLBI系统——DCW—01型流动VLBI测量仪，目前已在国家重大科学工程“中国地壳运动观测网络”中投入使用。在流动VLBI的观测试验中，天线系统噪声温度和天线效率是观测前系统调试和检测的两项重要内容。天线系统噪声温度是衡量流动VLBI观测系统内部噪声程度的特性指标；天线效率反映了天线系统对到达天线能量的刊用率，在很多计算公式中是一个很重要的参数。因此，精确地测量它们的值是进行相关处理和计算的前提。文中结合我国流动VLBI观测站的研制与建设，介绍了流动VLBI测量仪的天线及接收机系统，并详细阐述了其天线系统噪声温度和天线效率的测量。     

中巴地球资源一号卫星CCD图像质量评价和交叉定标研究

使用定量分析方法评价了中巴地球资源卫星CCD相机遥感数据质量 ,在此基础上利用LANDSAT 7ETM 对CCD的对应波段进行交叉定标计算 ,得到了一组CCD的参考定标系数。在遥感数据质量评价研究中 ,使用统计分析方法计算得到了CCD相机图像数据的条纹强度 ;应用结构函数方法计算获得了CCD的噪声数据 ;通过功率谱计算 ,对比分析了CCD和LANDSAT 7ETM 对应波段图像空间纹理特征。该文通过交叉定标计算 ,得到了CCD相机前 4个波段的参考定标系数、动态范围和噪声等效反射率等参考指标 ,并对这组定标系数进行了验证 ,从验证结果中发现CCD1,2 ,3和LANDSAT 7ETM 对应波段反射率最大相差 1 98% ,最小0 0 3% ,平均差要低于 1 31% ,而波段 4最大也仅相差 4 4 1% ,平均差 3 0 2 % ,证明计算得到的交叉定标系数具有较高的参考价值     

青西油田碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层地球物理预测技术的应用

白云岩成岩收缩晶间孔、洞、缝与构造网状缝相互沟通可以组成良好的油气储层，但是这种复杂裂缝—孔隙型储层分布随机性强、发育程度和差异性大，储层预测难度大。本文以中国西部酒泉盆地青西油田下白垩统下沟组湖相白云岩裂缝—孔隙型储层为例，提出地球物理综合预测碳酸盐岩裂缝的方法。本文描述了综合地球物理方法预测碳酸盐岩裂缝储层的实施和应用效果。