山东胶莱盆地边缘层间滑动角砾岩型金矿地质特征及成矿动力学背景

以蓬家夼、大庄子和发云夼为代表的胶莱盆地北缘层间滑动角砾岩型金矿是近年来确立的一种新类型金矿。这种新类型金矿产出于走滑拉分盆地边缘,并受层间滑动断裂的控制。层间滑动断裂是在伸展构造环境下形成的,一般沿大理岩等相对脆性岩层产出,是一条由碎裂岩、角砾岩等张性构造岩构成、具有一定宽度的断裂构造岩带,具有倾向滑移的特点。层间滑动角砾岩型金矿化主要发生在大理岩质碎裂岩、角砾岩等张性构造岩胶结物内。地质研究及硫、碳及氢氧同位素证据表明,成矿物质和成矿流体具有多源性的特点,以源于下地壳及上地幔的深源成矿流体为主,下渗大气降水及盆地流体不同程度地参与了成矿作用过程,对金矿的形成起到了重要的作用。控矿断裂和金矿化的形成与中生代期间华北东部大地构造环境及胶莱盆地的形成演化密切相关。受区域构造应力场的影响,断裂经历了挤压—伸展—挤压的构造过程。中生代中晚期华北东部岩石圈的剧烈拉张减薄及郯庐断裂带的强烈活动为深源成矿流体的形成和大规模上升创造了聚集和运移的条件,金矿即与这次深源岩浆活动密切相关。     

Chronology, Geochemistry and Tectonic Settings of the Hadamiao Granodiorite on the Northern Margin of the North China Platform

<正>The Hadamiao granodiorite,located on the northern margin of the North China platform and acting as the country rock of gold deposits in the Hadamiao region,was formed in the same age and similar tectonic settings with the Hadamiao gold deposit and the large-scale Bilihe gold deposit in the same area.By using the LA-ICP-MS method,the U-Pb age obtained is 267±1.3 Ma,which represents the crystallized age of the granodiorite,and that of the xenolithic zircon is 442.8±5 Ma. Base on the main elements,it exhibits the features of calc-alkaline to high-potassium calc-alkaline series,low silicon,and quasi-aluminous I-type granites,and with high magnesium(Mg~#=0.45-0.57) and high sodium contents(Na_2O/K_2O=0.98-2.29).The SREE values(81.6-110.15 ppm) are relatively low,the fractionations between LREE and HREE are obvious,showing a right-inclined dispersion in the REE distribution diagram.Compared with the primitive mantle,the rock is relatively rich in LREE(La and Ce),LILE(K,Sr,and Th),and intensively depleted in HFSE(Ti,P,Nb and Ta).The ratios of Sr/Y and(La/Yb)_N and the contents of Rb,Nb and Y are relatively low,the Sr values are high (436.35-567.26 ppm),and the Yb contents of most samples are low(1.25-1.8),which indicate the features of typical continental margin arc and adakitic rocks.According to the values ofε_(Nd)(t)(-2.4 to +0.2) and I_(Sr)(0.7028-0.7083),and variations of the La/Sm ratios,the Hadamiao granodiorite was formed from mixing of the thickened molten lower crust and the mantle wedge substances.The rock was related to the southward subduction and accretion of the Paleo-Asia Ocean in the Late Paleozoic, being Late Paleozoic magma of the continental margin arc formed on the basement of the Early Paleozoic accretion complexes,and showing a trend of turning into adakitic rocks,which indicates their great metallogenic(Au) potential.     

我国西南地区斑岩矿床区域成矿环境

本文对我国西南地区斑岩Cu(-Mo-Au)矿床形成的区域成矿环境进行了总结研究。我国西南地区斑岩矿床,构造上位于全球特提斯斑岩成矿带东段,与青藏高原演化密切相关,形成于青藏高原演化不同阶段。我国西南地区斑岩矿床形成时代为晚三叠世、早白垩世、古近纪和中新世等4个时期。斑岩矿床形成的区域成矿环境具有多样性,包括俯冲造山岛弧、同碰撞、后碰撞和大陆转换板块边界等四类构造环境。根据斑岩矿床成岩成矿时代和成矿环境,我国西南地区斑岩矿床可划分为义敦-中甸印支期斑岩成矿带、玉龙-马拉松多古近纪斑岩成矿带、丽江-金平古近纪斑岩成矿带、冈底斯古近纪-新近纪斑岩成矿带和班公湖-怒江燕山期斑岩成矿带等五个成矿带。与世界上多数斑岩矿床一样,我国西南地区斑岩矿床与区域深大走滑断裂存在着明显的空间分布关系。     

岛弧环境中不同成因的火成岩组合及其地质意义

岛弧环境的形成是与大洋板块俯冲作用有关,由俯冲流体作用于地幔楔部分熔融形成的钙碱性火成岩组合是岛弧环境中物质组成的主体。此外,目前还识别出与俯冲作用有关的其它的岩石类型:埃达克岩、富铌玄武岩、TTG、赞岐岩、玻安岩等,它们指示着不同的地球动力学背景、壳—幔相互作用过程以及源岩发生部分熔融的物理化学条件。本文主要对形成于岛弧环境中不同成因的火成岩组合的特征、形成机制、成矿作用及动力学意义进行了综述。     

斑岩Cu-(Mo-Au)矿床的成矿构造环境及勘查意义

斑岩矿床是重要的矿床勘查目标。斑岩矿床的成矿构造环境研究有助于确定斑岩矿床的战略勘查方向。斑岩矿床形成的成矿构造环境包括板块汇聚边缘、大陆转换板块边界、陆内造山环境和非造山环境。本文重点对斑岩矿床在汇聚边缘和大陆转换板块边界的成矿构造环境及其勘查意义进行初步总结。构造变化对斑岩矿床的形成起到触发作用。微弱和中等程度的转换挤压应力最有利于岩浆的集聚、上升和就位。岩浆侵入可以是在广阔的转换挤压断层带内或在其周围局部呈引张的地区集中出现。对于斑岩矿床战略勘查方向而言,应注意研究区域走滑断层与侵入体的关系,加强对地表浅部喷气蚀变的识别。在我国西南地区已勘查发现的5个斑岩成矿带中,应注意沿区域走滑断裂构造方向开展找矿。从成矿构造环境与哀牢山-红河构造带对比来看,鲜水河-小江断裂带可能是西南地区新的斑岩矿床勘查区。     

西秦岭大水金矿岩浆岩年代学、地球化学特征

西秦岭大水金矿床与其周围伴生的中酸性小岩体的成因关系,直接影响矿床成因的划分和深部资源的开发。中酸性岩浆岩的成因、源区性质及岩体规模对金矿成矿有重要影响。大水金矿岩浆岩地球化学研究结果显示:岩浆系列属于高钾钙碱性系列;岩体球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式具有轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损、Eu正异常的特征;岩体洋中脊花岗岩标准化微量元素蛛网图显示其富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Th等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Hf、Zr、Sm、Y、Yb等,花岗岩的w(Sr)-w(Yb)分类属于高Sr、低Yb"C"型埃达克岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法测年获得大水金矿格尔括合岩体和竖井941岩脉的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(215.8±1.3)、(202.9±1.5)Ma;成矿热液蚀变叠加在脉岩之上,成矿年龄应晚于202.9 Ma的脉岩年龄。Sr-Nd同位素组成具有高初始N(87Sr)/N(86Sr)值、低εNd的特点,模式年龄为1.29~1.47Ga。εSr(t)-εNd(t)图解表明岩浆源区为下地壳;εNd(t)-初始N(87Sr)/N(86Sr)图解暗示西秦岭存在统一的岩浆源区。因此,西秦岭大水金矿在成因上与高Sr、低Yb"C"型埃达克岩密切相关。     

基于阈值区间的海洋锋面提取模型

A model （Bayesian oceanic front detection, BOFD） of sea surface temperature （SST） front detection in satel- lite-derived SST images based on a threshold interval is presented, to be used in different applications such as climatic and environmental studies or fisheries. The model first computes the SST gradient by using a Sobel algorithm template. On the basis of the gradient value, the threshold interval is determined by a gradi- ent cumulative histogram. According to this threshold interval, front candidates can be acquired and prior probability and likelihood can be calculated. Whether or not the candidates are front points can be deter- mined by using the Bayesian decision theory. The model is evaluated on the Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer images of part of the Kuroshio front region. Results are compared with those obtained by using several SST front detection methods proposed in the literature. This comparison shows that the BOFD not only suppresses noise and small-scale fronts, but also retains continuous fronts.     

山西王莽岭国家地质公园地貌景观特征及其成因研究

王莽岭国家地质公园位于太行山南段,地质遗迹资源丰富、类型多样,具有重要的美学及科学价值。本文以王莽岭地质公园为研究区,通过野外调查并依据地质遗迹的成因、形态及规模、自然属性及分布特征,将地质遗迹资源划分为地貌景观、沉积构造、构造形迹、古生物化石四类,系统地研究了峡谷、岩溶、夷平面、河流阶地、瀑布等地貌的成因,为太行山的形成演化研究提供了资料,对提升研究区地质遗迹资源的科学价值具有重要意义。     

Neoproterozoic granitic activities in the Xingdi plutons at the Kuluketage block,NW China: Evidence from zircon U–Pb dating,geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic analyses

Neoproterozoic igneous rocks are widely distributed in the Kuluketage block along the northern margin of the Tarim Craton. However, the published literature mainly focuses on the ca. 800 Ma adakitic granitoids in the area, with the granites that intrude the 735–760 Ma mafic–ultramafic rocks poorly studied. Here we report the ages, petrography and geochemistry of two granites in the Xingdi mafic–ultramafic rocks, in order to construct a new view of the non-adakitic younger granites. LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating provided weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 743.0 ± 2.5 Ma for the No.I granite (G1) and 739.0 ± 3.5 Ma for the No.II granite (G2). A clear core-rim texture of similar age and a high zircon saturation temperature of ca. 849 ± 14 °C were observed for the No.I granite; in contrast, G2 has no apparent core-rim texture but rather inherited older zircons and a lower zircon saturation temperature of ca. 763 ± 17 °C. Geochemical analysis revealed that G1 is an alkaline A-type granite and G2 is a high-K calc-alkaline I-type granite. Both granites share similar geochemical characteristics of arc-related magmatic rocks and enriched Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes, likely due to their enriched sources or mixing with enriched magma. Whereas G1 and its host mafic rocks form typical bimodal intrusions of the same age and similar Sr–Nd–Hf isotope compositions, G2 is younger than its host mafic rocks and its Sr–Nd–Hf isotope composition indicates a lower crust origin. Although they exhibit arc-related geochemical features, the two granites likely formed in a rift setting, as inferred from thier petrology, Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes and regional tectonic evolution.     

广西南部凭祥中三叠世沉积盆地构造环境——来自岩相学和碎屑岩地球化学的证据

岩相学特征表明,广西凭祥盆地砾岩可分为颗粒支撑和基质支撑2种,砾石成分主要为生物碎屑灰岩,其次为砂岩和泥岩。盆地砂岩主要由成分成熟度和结构成熟度较低的亚岩屑(杂)砂岩和岩屑(杂)砂岩组成,物源区为碰撞造山带或再旋回造山带。碎屑岩地球化学特征表明,凭祥中三叠世盆地中的砂岩和泥岩样品SiO2含量为61.71%~74.85%,接近于上地壳的平均值。具有高的K2O/Na2O值(6.50~0.51)和高的TFe2O3+MgO含量(7.29%~10.31%),TFe2O3/K2O值为2.05%~5.54%,矿物稳定性较差。稀土元素标准化配分曲线呈现出轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素平坦和明显的Eu、Ce负异常特征,类似于上地壳和典型的太古宙页岩,具有海相沉积的特征。砂岩风化蚀变指数CIA高(71~88),Th/U值为3.68~9.53,表明砂岩和泥岩经历了较强的风化作用。砂岩物源区判别图表明,凭祥盆地物源与酸性岛弧具明显的亲缘性,增生楔和活动陆缘是主要的物源区。这些特征综合表明,凭祥盆地是一个伴随古特提斯分支洋盆闭合、经强烈构造改造的残余弧前盆地。