广东大亚湾石珊瑚群落的分布及动态变化

2006年6月对位于南海北部亚热带的大亚湾和大鹏湾石珊瑚群落的分布、种类和覆盖率进行了调查,结果显示大亚湾共有石珊瑚24种,以秘密角蜂巢珊瑚(Favites abdita)为优势种,总覆盖率为20%,大鹏湾有石珊瑚21种,以精巧扁脑珊瑚(Platygyra daedalea)为优势种,总覆盖率为7.9%。大亚湾石珊瑚群落健康状况良好,但生长稀疏,群落密度低,空间结构简单,生长带窄;与1964年、1983年、1984年和1991年的调查结果相比,覆盖率从76.6%下降到20%,优势种从枝状的霜鹿角珊瑚(Acropora Pruinosa)转变成块状或皮壳状的秘密角蜂巢珊瑚,群落生态退化严重,主要原因可能是人为破坏活动对珊瑚本身以及生长环境造成的压力所致,包括过度捕捞、盗采珊瑚、沿岸施工和水体污染等,建议采取相应的保护措施。     

旅游活动中和谐客我关系研究

旅游原本是在和谐的审美过程中亲近自然、获得美感并得到人性抚慰和心灵小憩的活动,是通过人与自然的互动和人际之间的交往去追求和实现和谐的一种途径和方式.而现实的旅游活动却并不尽如人意,反映出客我之间的误解、互相轻视、缺乏合作甚至矛盾冲突等不和谐之音.从心理学角度分析了旅游活动中人际关系不和谐的现象及影响客我关系的因素和过程.通过对人们的社会知觉、自我认知偏差、交流和沟通等心理过程以及对客我关系实质的分析,提出建立和谐客我关系的条件是服务、沟通、理解与合作,最后探讨了建立和谐客我关系的对策.     

西藏地热气体的地球化学特征及其地质意义

西藏水热活动是青苦恼高原碰撞造山过程的产物，其成因类型、物质来源和时空分布与青藏高原的隆升过程密切相关，地热流体（气、液相）中携带有中上地壳乃至地幔物质的深部信息。西藏地热流体可以区分出CO2型和N2型两类气体，其中绝大多数的地热气体样品属于CO2型气体，而典型的N2型气体则较少。前者具有岩浆热源和深循环两种成因类型，后者都是深循环成因。西藏气体样品中的He含量变化范围非常宽，最高的可达到1．5％。在门士热泉，首次检测到地幔He组分，这说明西藏地壳深处有地幔物质侵位。根据He同位素组成推断，羊八井、谷露等处的地壳熔融体中约有3％的地幔组分。西藏地热气体中的N2和Ar组分主要是大气成因，CO2组分大多以海相碳酸盐岩成因为主，混有少量有机沉积物成因CO2。当Log(H2/Ar)处于－0．8－0．3的区间时，H2／Ar地热温度计可以良好地指示热储层的温度范围。实际调查表明：西藏水热活动区大多分布在斑公错－怒江链合带以南地区，高温水热活动区主要出现在雅鲁藏布缝合带和那曲－羊八井－亚东活动构造带沿线。     

冬半年冷空气过程中期预报业务系统

介绍了一种以数值预报产品为基础，结合预报经验，运用天气学、统计学、能量学诊断、人工智能和延伸预报等多种技术手段，通过综合决策，制作冷空气过程的中期预报方法。     

珠江三角洲工业地域分工研究

本文从专业化部门的数量和发展水平以及专业化部门地区分布和组合两方面揭示珠江三角洲工业地域分工的基本特点。指出新形势下虽然不少县市存在专业化部门多而不精，工业结构趋同的问题，但珠江三角洲地域分工格局已开始形成。文章还讨论了形成工业地域分工特点的原因并提出了完善地域分工的措施。     

四川西部地区地震活动的空间分维特征

本文采用多分形的方法研究了四川西部地区20年来的地震活动的空间分布特征.对D_q谱与D_(-1),D_(-2)曲线结合震例进行分析,指出其变化与强震活动有密切联系。并结合空区理论,认为D_q(q<0)主要描述了地震空区的情况,该方法在地震前兆信息提取有中重要意义。     

云南省传染病与太阳活动关系的考察

从日地关系的角度出发,探讨太阳活动对人类流行性疾病的影响。根据云南地区自建国以来的１５种流行性疾病每年人数的资料,对每种疾病人数的相对比率与太阳黑子相对数对应作图比较,并求其相关系数。考察结果为：猩红热、疟疾、炭疽、百日咳、白喉、流感、乙脑、痢疾、麻疹、脊髓灰质炎、姜片虫病、肝炎与太阳活动的关系不明确,伤寒、斑疹伤寒和流脑与太阳活动显著相关     

南海西北部珊瑚礁记录所反映的新构造运动*

珊瑚礁是发育于热带海洋环境中由生物作用和地质作用共同形成的地质体,具有独特的新构造运动意义。南海西北部珊瑚礁记录所反映的新构造运动主要有火山活动、地壳升降运动和地震活动等。珊瑚礁区第四纪火山活跃,到现代已停止活动,部分火山构成珊瑚礁的基座,个别出露海面为火山岛;地壳升降运动差异较大,雷州半岛西南部珊瑚礁呈上升趋势,上升率为0.02~0.05mm/a;西沙群岛等岛礁地壳运动则呈下降趋势,下降率为-0.07~-0.10mm/a,岛礁中的造礁石珊瑚生长率、礁顶和灰沙岛的堆积率均相当于或大于地壳下降率与现代海平面上升率的总和;南海西北部珊瑚礁区内地震活动较强,尤其是1994年12月31日和1995年1月10日在雷州半岛西南部海域发生了6.1级和6.2 级地震,这两次地震对该区珊瑚礁的发育有较大的影响。     

Variation characteristics of heavy metals and nutrients in the core sediments of Taihu Lake and their pollution history

The sedimentary environment change, trophic evolution and heavy metals pollution history of the northern Taihu Lake in the last 100 years are studied according to the sedimentary geo-chemical proxies of the core sediments, such as grain size, nutrients, heavy metals, diatom, etc. The nutrients in the sediments depended mainly on the lake internal circulation and the heavy metals were from natural geogenic sources before the 1920s, which were not influenced by human activities generally, and grain size was one of the key factors influencing heavy metals content in the sediments. The alternation of manner and strength of human activities in Taihu Lake catchment before and after the 1920s made the lake sediments coarser, and hence heavy metals and TP content decreased contrasted with that before the 1920s. TP content in sediments and water increased from the 1950s to late 1970s due to anthropogenic pollutants discharge, and the lake belonging to mesotrophic state. TN and TOC content and C/N ratio increased due to the increasing external pollutants into Taihu Lake by human activities, TP content also increased obviously in water and sediments, and the diatom association was dominated by eutrophic species since the late 1970s, indicating the eutrophication state of Taihu Lake in this period. Meanwhile the increasing in heavy metals content, such as Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, and their proportion of valid fractions in the sediments indicates that they all result from human pollutants since the late 1970s. The heavy metals in the surface sediments have certain potential biological toxicity due to the higher SEM/AVS ratio.     

Study on the nutrient evolution and its controlling factors of Longgan Lake for the last 200 years

Based on the total phosphorous (TP) concentration in sediment core, the TP concentration in lake water quantitatively reconstructed from fossil diatoms and diatom-TP transfer function in the Longgan Lake during the last 200 years, the temperature and precipitation data from meteorological observation for the last 50 years, the temperatures and precipitation sequences of climate simulation for the last 200 years, as well as the amount of the agricultural phosphate fertilizer in Longgan area for nearly 50 years, the characteristic and the law of the nutrient status evolution were analyzed, and the influence of the climatic factor, the anthropologic factor and the aquatic biology factor on the nutrient status evolution and its mechanism were discussed for the Longgan Lake during the last 200 years. The results showed that, in the nearly 200 years, the TP concentration in the sediment core of the Longgan Lake gradually increased, its range of variation was situated between 330-580 mg/kg, the mean value was 388 mg/kg, a nearly 30-year vibration adjustment period existed at 1950 around. The TP concentration in lake water changed in a different way. Before 1950, it had a slow increasing tendency in fluctuated background, to 1950 around it reached up to the mean value (52.18μg/L), and vibrated and adjusted around the mean value, then it fast declined, its change range was situated between 37.75-62.33μg/L. The analyses indicated that, in the centennial time scale, the climate change was the main controlling factor, while in the decadal time scale in the recent 50 years, human activities were the leading factors for the nutrient status evolution of the Longgan Lake. 60% of the variability of the TP concentration in the sediments and 57% of that in lake water were due to human activities. The differentiation between phosphorus concentration in the sediment and in the lake water reflected the response processes and the adjustment abilities of the lake aquatic ecosystems to the lake nutrient level, implying the maintenance and the destruction of the balances between the algae and the aquatic plants, as well as the corresponding accumulating characteristics of the phosphorus.