2009-2010年冬季南海东北部中尺度过程观测

根据南海北部陆架陆坡海域2009-2010年冬季航次的CTD调查资料,发现西北太平洋水在上层通过吕宋海峡入侵南海,其对南海东北部上层水体温盐性质的影响自东向西呈减弱趋势,影响范围可达114°E附近。入侵过程中受东北部海域反 气旋式涡旋(观测期间,其中心位于20.75°N,118°E附近) 的影响,海水的垂向和水平结构发生了很大变化,特别是涡旋中心区域,上层暖水深厚,混合层和盐度极大值层显著深于周边海域。该暖涡在地转流场、航载ADCP观测海流及卫星高度计资料中均得到了证实。暖涡的存在还显著影响了海水化学要素的空间分布,暖涡引起的海水辐聚将上层溶解氧含量较高的水体向下输运,使次表层的暖涡中心呈现高溶解氧的分布特征。     

多元热流体热采技术在海上探井测试中适应性研究

稠油黏度高,流动性差,常规测试难以正确评价储层的真实产能。随着多元热流体热采技术在海上油田生产平台的成功应用,提出了在探井测试中应用多元热流体热采技术。通过对支撑平台的适应性分析研究,运用数值模拟方法预测多元热流体热采测试的开采效果,并对相应的井口、供给方式等进行了优化研究。通过现场实施,多元热流体热采测试的日产油量可达常规冷采测试产油量的2倍以上,实际效果与数值模拟的结果基本相当。该技术的应用更能准确反映油田的真实产能,为海上稠油油田的探井测试提供了一个新方法。     

河北省一次强对流天气机理分析

利用常规天气资料、气象自动站加密观测资料及乡镇加密雨量站资料、其它物理量资料及卫星云图资料等,对2009-06-08河北省的强降水及强对流天气进行了分析。研究表明,蒙古低涡携带强的正涡度平流和冷空气,为强对流天气提供了良好的动力条件;南风与偏东风急流为大暴雨提供了良好的水汽,同时,低涡底部的西北风急流与2支暖风急流汇合,为暴雨、冰雹、大风等强对流的形成提供了条件。暴雨落区处于低层次大值能量场的顶部,能量场剖面具有鞍形场结构,高层、低层具有大值能量,中层为中性结构,为深对流的发展提供了初始热力条件。自动气象站加密风场资料分析表明,长时间的中小尺度风场辐合增强了地面空气的辐合抬升,同时也是造成此次局地大暴雨的中尺度系统和触发条件。     

用自然伽马测井数据估算桑托斯盆地的地层生热率

岩石生热率是研究地球内热的一个重要的参数。本文根据自然伽马与岩石生热率的关系,利用盆地4口钻井的自然伽马测井曲线,计算出桑托斯盆地主要岩石或矿物及地层的生热率。本文统计了2964个自然伽马测井数据值,主要岩石或矿物的生热率从大到小依次为：泥岩、砂岩、页岩、玄武岩、石灰岩、硬石膏和盐岩;盆地地层的生热率随深度增加显著降低,生热率体现出受控于岩性变化的特征。以S1井为例,根据岩石生热率和热流的关系,计算出盆地中各个组的生热率,Marambaia组、Itajai-Acu组、Itanhaem组、Ariri组、Guaratiba群、Camboriu组生热率分别是1.36±0.16μW/m3、1.52±0.15μW/m3、1.30±0.3μW/m3、0.46±0.18μW/m3、0.64±0.23μW/m3、0.37±0.07μW/m3,盆地沉积地层产生的热量占表层大地热流的13.62%,因此沉积地层具有一定的产热潜力,对区域有机质的成熟度有一定的影响。建立了岩石圈分层生热模型,其中地壳热流贡献为15.38mW/m2,占表层大地热流的30.76%,地幔热流贡献值为34.62mW/m2,地壳和地幔的热流比例为0.44,具有“冷壳热幔”的特征。     

利用海洋温度剖面与海表盐度反演盐度剖面方法研究

为解决海洋中大量观测数据只含有温度剖面而缺乏盐度观测的问题, 基于历史观测的温盐剖面资料, 考虑到盐度卫星数据的发展, 采用回归分析方法, 在孟加拉湾建立了盐度与温度、经纬度、表层盐度的关系, 并对不同反演方法的反演结果进行检验评估。结果发现, 在不引入海表盐度(sea surface salinity, SSS)时, 最佳反演模型是温度、温度的二次项与经纬度确定的回归模型, 而SSS的引入则可以进一步优化反演结果。将反演结果与观测结果进行对比, 显示用反演的盐度剖面计算的比容海面高度误差超过2cm, 而引入SSS后的误差低于1.5cm。SSS的引入能够较为真实地反映海洋盐度场的垂直结构和内部变化特征, 既能够捕捉到对上混合层有重要影响的SSS信号, 又能够反映盐度在跃层上的季节内变化以及盐度障碍层的季节变化。水团分析显示, 与气候态相比, 盐度反演结果可以更好地表征海洋上层水团的变化特征。     

Observations and modelling of the travel time delay and leading negative phase of the 16 September 2015 Illapel,Chile tsunami

The systematic discrepancies in both tsunami arrival time and leading negative phase (LNP) were identified for the recent transoceanic tsunami on 16 September 2015 in Illapel, Chile by examining the wave characteristics from the tsunami records at 21 Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami (DART) sites and 29 coastal tide gauge stations. The results revealed systematic travel time delay of as much as 22 min (approximately 1.7％ of the total travel time) relative to the simulated long waves from the 2015 Chilean tsunami. The delay discrepancy was found to increase with travel time. It was difficult to identify the LNP from the near-shore observation system due to the strong background noise, but the initial negative phase feature became more obvious as the tsunami propagated away from the source area in the deep ocean. We determined that the LNP for the Chilean tsunami had an average duration of 33 min, which was close to the dominant period of the tsunami source. Most of the amplitude ratios to the first elevation phase were approximately 40％, with the largest equivalent to the first positive phase amplitude. We performed numerical analyses by applying the corrected long wave model, which accounted for the effects of seawater density stratification due to compressibility, self-attraction and loading (SAL) of the earth, and wave dispersion compared with observed tsunami waveforms. We attempted to accurately calculate the arrival time and LNP, and to understand how much of a role the physical mechanism played in the discrepancies for the moderate transoceanic tsunami event. The mainly focus of the study is to quantitatively evaluate the contribution of each secondary physical effect to the systematic discrepancies using the corrected shallow water model. Taking all of these effects into consideration, our results demonstrated good agreement between the observed and simulated waveforms. We can conclude that the corrected shallow water model can reduce the tsunami propagation speed and reproduce the LNP, which is observed for tsunamis that have propagated over long distances frequently. The travel time delay between the observed and corrected simulated waveforms is reduced to <8 min and the amplitude discrepancy between them was also markedly diminished. The incorporated effects amounted to approximately 78％ of the travel time delay correction, with seawater density stratification, SAL, and Boussinesq dispersion contributing approximately 39％, 21％, and 18％, respectively. The simulated results showed that the elastic loading and Boussinesq dispersion not only affected travel time but also changed the simulated waveforms for this event. In contrast, the seawater stratification only reduced the tsunami speed, whereas the earth's elasticity loading was responsible for LNP due to the depression of the seafloor surrounding additional tsunami loading at far-field stations. This study revealed that the traditional shallow water model has inherent defects in estimating tsunami arrival, and the leading negative phase of a tsunami is a typical recognizable feature of a moderately strong transoceanic tsunami. These results also support previous theory and can help to explain the observed discrepancies.     

中国北方砂栖纤毛虫的空间分布及其驱动因素

为深入了解不同地理尺度因素对驱动微型生物群落空间结构的相对影响,本研究于2020年10月调查了中国北方14个砂质潮间带的砂栖纤毛虫群落。研究结果如下：（1）检获纤毛虫105种,隶属26目65属,按丰度优势依次为帆口目、小胸目和环毛目;（2）黄海、渤海两区域的环境因子存在显著差异,但纤毛虫群落组成趋于相似;（3）偏Mental分析显示,环境条件较空间距离在纤毛虫群落组成的驱动中更为重要,其中盐度、粒度和海滩坡度是解释纤毛虫空间分布的最优环境因子组合,而潮差和溶解无机氮含量是次要影响因子;（4）沿海区域微型生物的强扩散效应在一定程度上掩盖了环境异质性影响。综上,由于沿海生态系统中微型生物受到更少扩散限制,在空间分布格局的形成上,环境条件的影响比空间距离更重要。本研究为海洋微型生物地理学提供了基础数据,有助于在全球变化背景下制定沙滩管理和保护规划。     

The connection between Labrador Sea buoyancy loss, deep western boundary current strength, and Gulf Stream path in an ocean circulation model

The sensitivity of the North Atlantic gyre circulation to high latitude buoyancy forcing is explored in a global, non-eddy resolving ocean general circulation model. Increased buoyancy forcing strengthens the deep western boundary current, the northern recirculation gyre, and the North Atlantic Current, which leads to a more realistic Gulf Stream path. High latitude density fluxes and surface water mass transformation are strongly dependent on the choice of sea ice and salinity restoring boundary conditions. Coupling the ocean model to a prognostic sea ice model results in much greater buoyancy loss in the Labrador Sea compared to simulations in which the ocean is forced by prescribed sea ice boundary conditions. A comparison of bulk flux forced hindcast simulations which differ only in their sea ice and salinity restoring forcings reveals the effects of a mixed thermohaline boundary condition transport feedback whereby small, positive temperature and salinity anomalies in subpolar regions are amplified when the gyre spins up as a result of increased buoyancy loss and convection. The primary buoyancy flux effects of the sea ice which cause the simulations to diverge are ice melt, which is less physical in the diagnostic sea ice model, and insulation of the ocean, which is less physical with the prognostic sea ice model. Increased salinity restoring ensures a more realistic net winter buoyancy loss in the Labrador Sea, but it is found that improvements in the Gulf Stream simulation can only be achieved with the excessive buoyancy loss associated with weak salinity restoring.     

Mechanism and enhancement of photoluminescence from silicon nanocrystals implanted in SiO2 matrix

Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Si nanocrystals (NCs) prepared by 130 keV Si ions implantation onto SiO₂ matrix were investigated as a function of annealing temperature and implanted ion dose. PL spectra consist of two PL peaks, originated from smaller Si NCs due to quantum confinement effect (QCE) and the interface states located at the surface of larger Si NCs. The evolution of number of dangling bonds (DBs) on Si NCs was also investigated. For hydrogen-passivated samples, a monotonic increase in PL peak intensity with the dose of implanted Si ions up to 3× 10¹⁷ ions /cm² is observed. The number of DBs on individual Si NC, the interaction between DBs at the surface of neighbouring Si NCs and their effects on the efficiency of PL are discussed.     

Interference phase of mass neutrino in Reissner—Nordstr?m—de Sitter space—time

In Reissner--Nordstr?m--de Sitter space--time, we calculate the interference phase of mass neutrino along geodesic in the radial direction, and then investigate the effects of the cosmological constant La on the phase. Morever, the expression of the interference phase can be reduced to that in Reissner--Nordstr?m space--time when Λ approaches to zero.