新疆油气资源开发前景展望

新疆主要沉积盆地有30多个,总面积90×104km2,油气资源十分丰富,油气资源量365×108t。虽然经过50多年油气勘探历程,已发现80多个油气田,但勘探潜力巨大。笔者从目前勘探形势,油气勘探阶段,资源转化率、形成大油气田地质条件及油气资源发展战略等方面进一步论述新疆是我国油气资源主要接替区。     

基于三调成果的自然资源本底数据整合研究

我国自然资源实行分头管理,导致其调查成果存在交叉重叠,不利于山水林田湖草作为一个生命共同体进行系统治理.通过建立三调工作分类与现有各类自然资源专项调查成果地类分类对照表和不同自然资源专项调查成果数据空间整合规则,以第三次国土调查成果为基础,整合关联森林、草原、湿地、水流等现有专项调查成果,形成自然资源本底数据,为实施自...     

The Sensitive Properties of Hydrate Reservoirs Based on Seismic Stereoscopic Detection Technology

Higher-precision determinations of hydrate reservoirs, hydrate saturation levels and storage estimations are important for guaranteeing the ability to continuously research, develop and utilize natural gas hydrate resources in China. With seismic stereoscopic detection technology, which fully combines the advantages of different seismic detection models, hydrate formation layers can be observed with multiangle, wide-azimuth, wide-band data with a high precision. This technique provides more reliable data for analyzing the distribution characteristics of gas hydrate reservoirs, establishing velocity models, and studying the hydrate-sensitive properties of petrophysical parameters;these data are of great significance for the exploration and development of natural gas hydrate resources. Based on a velocity model obtained from the analysis of horizontal streamer velocity data in the hydrate-bearing area of the Shenhu Sea, this paper uses three VCs(longitudinal spacing of 25 m) and four OBSs(transverse spacing of 200 m) to jointly detect seismic datasets consisting of wave points based on an inversion of traveltime imaging sections. Accordingly, by comparing the differences between the seismic phases in the original data and the forward-modeled seismic phases, multiangle coverage constraint corrections are applied to the initial velocity model, and the initial model is further optimized, thereby improving the imaging quality of the streamer data. Petrophysical elastic parameters are the physical parameters that are most directly and closely related to rock formations and reservoir physical properties. Based on the optimized velocity model, the rock elastic hydrate-sensitive parameters of the hydrate reservoirs in the study area are inverted, and the sensitivities of the petrophysical parameters to natural gas hydrates are investigated. According to an analysis of the inversion results obtained from these sensitive parameters, λρ, Vp and λμ are simultaneously controlled by the bulk modulus and shear modulus, while Vs and μρ are controlled only by the shear modulus, and the latter two parameters are less sensitive to hydrate-bearing layers. The bulk modulus is speculated to be more sensitive than the shear modulus to hydrates. In other words, estimating the specific gravity of the shear modulus among the combined parameters can affect the results from the combined elastic parameters regarding hydrate reservoirs.     

不同初始含水量条件下的堰塞坝溃决机理

在影响堰塞坝溃决的众多因素中,初始含水量影响堰塞坝的溃决机理仍不清楚。通过开展不同初始含水量条件下的水槽试验,详细探究了初始含水量对溃决过程的影响规律。结果表明：不同初始含水量条件下的溃决过程均具有3个典型阶段,分别是牵引侵蚀过程、溯源侵蚀过程和水沙运动再平衡过程;峰值流量随初始含水量的增大而增大,而溃决历时和残留坝体高度随初始含水量的增大而减小;随初始含水量的增大,溯源侵蚀作用逐渐减弱,牵引侵蚀作用增强;随初始含水量的增大,溃口展宽率降低,侵蚀率增大;初始含水量小于7.8%时,平均侵蚀率增长缓慢,大于7.8%后,平均侵蚀率增长迅速,且10.3%初始含水量对应的平均侵蚀率约为7.8%初始含水量的2倍;溃口宽深比在溃决的前两阶段随初始含水量的增大而减小;溃决结束后的宽深比随含水量的增大呈先趋近于1.00、后远离1.00的演变。     

基于国土空间自然适宜性的三类空间划分方法——以湖南省为例

为满足国土空间规划的需求,从自然条件、管理制度构建了建设用地、耕地适宜性评价的禁止性指标和限制性指标。评价中,首先定性分析区域内具体指标对农业、建设等不同功能的限制性,对生态极重要或极敏感区、水域等禁止性指标"一票否决",然后设定不同的指标等级分值、权重,进行综合打分,限制性指标以分值(0~100,分数越高,表示限制性越低,适宜性越高)和权重对国土空间开发适宜性进行限制。结合生态重要性和敏感性评价,以GIS技术为基础,比较同一地块生态、农业、建设适宜性等级,按三者中等级最高的确定空间类型,如果适宜性等级相同,则根据地块的具体资源环境属性、土地利用现状确定空间类型,结合生态系统完整性、农业现代化需求等调整优化生态、农业、建设三类空间。以湖南省为例进行了实证研究,划分建设开发空间20.22%,农业开发空间30.3%,生态保护空间49.48%。     

基于部门消费混合模型的我国天然气未来需求预测

天然气作为一种优质的清洁能源,在我国低碳经济的发展要求下受到越来越多的关注,分析我国未来天然气需求量可以为我国能源政策提供相关借鉴。影响天然气需求的因素很多,这些因素可以极大影响天然气的需求预测结果。从影响天然气需求预测的影响因子入手,分析了天然气的部门消费量,重点选取工业、生活和交通3个部门作为研究对象,并建立一个混合模型。根据单位根检验、协整方程以及格兰杰因果检验3个因果,确定了天然气需求量的影响因子,然后利用灰色预测和回归分析对每个部门的需求量进行预测。最后,基于以上研究预测我国天然气需求量到2025年将达到6 378亿m³。     

The formation mechanism of mud diapirs and gas chimneys and their relationship with natural gas hydrates: insights from the deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea

ABSTRACT

Mud diapirs and gas chimneys are widely developed in continental slope areas, which can provide sufficient gas for hydrate formation, and they are important for finding natural gas hydrates. Based on the interpretation and analysis of high-resolution 2D and 3D seismic data covering the deep-water area in the Qiongdongnan Basin (QDNB), northern South China Sea, we studied the formation mechanism of mud diapirs and gas chimneys and their relationship with natural gas hydrates. Mud diapirs and gas chimneys are columnar and domelike in shape and the internal regions of these bodies have abnormal reflections characterized by fuzzy, chaotic, and blanking zones. The reflection events terminate at the rims of mud diapirs and gas chimneys with pull-up reflections and pull-down reflections, respectively. In addition, ‘bright spots’ and diapiric-associated faults occur adjacent to mud diapirs and gas chimneys. The rapidly deposited and deeply buried fine sediments filling in the Tertiary in deep-water areas of the QDNB and overpressure potential derived from undercompacted mudstones, as well as from the pressurization of organic matter and hydrocarbon generation, provide abundant materials and intensive driving forces for the formation of mud diapirs and gas chimneys. Bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) with strong amplitude and high or poor continuity were recognized atop the mud diapirs and gas chimneys and in the structural highs within the same region, indicating that they have a close relationship with each other. The mud diapirs and gas chimneys and associated high-angle faults provide favourable vertical pathways for the hydrocarbons migrating from deep strata to shallow natural gas hydrate stability zones where natural gas hydrates accumulate; however, some BSRs are characterized by weak amplitude and poor continuity, which can be affected by high temperature and overpressure in the process of the mud diapir and gas chimney activities. This mutually restricting relationship must be taken into consideration in the process of gas hydrate exploration in QDNB.     

龙泉山构造区隧道浅层天然气来源定量研究

龙泉山含油气构造带是川西油气区和川中油气区分界构造,地层主要为侏罗系和白垩系红层,属非煤地层,不具生烃能力;但穿越龙泉山构造带的多条隧道,施工中都受到了浅层天然气危害。为查明浅层天然气来源,更准确地预测非煤地层隧道中瓦斯分布特征,为隧道工程服务,文章以成都地铁18号线龙泉山隧道为例,采用现场成分测试、气相色谱、稳定碳同位素、稀有气体同位素和生物标志化合物实验,对龙泉山含油气构造带浅层天然气的来源进行了定量研究。研究表明龙泉山含油气构造带浅层天然气主要成分以CH₄、N₂、CO₂为主,其中CH₄浓度达到57.65%~75.23%;浅层天然气稳定碳同位素实验表明δ¹³C₁、δ¹³C₂和δ¹³C₃的值分别在40‰、26‰和25‰上下;稀有气体同位素实验表明气样源岩年代介于225~249 Ma;生物标志化合物实验表明规则甾烷比值介于0.90~1.07。龙泉山构造带浅层天然气主要来源于下伏三叠系须家河组地层,深部气体主要通过断层及节理裂隙向上运移,在浅部砂岩、节理裂隙发育区和局部构造高点富集,从而对隧道工程形成危害。成都地铁18号线龙泉山隧道横穿龙泉山含油气构造,隧道掌子面瓦斯绝对涌出量达到2.13~4.99 m³/min,浅层天然气的分布受龙泉驿断层、卧龙寺向斜、龙泉山背斜和马鞍山断层控制。龙泉驿断层和马鞍山断层是深部三叠系须家河组天然气向上运移通道,断层破碎带及其伴生、派生节理裂隙发育区以及龙泉山背斜转折端是浅层天然气有利富集区,浅层天然气浓度高,隧道风险大。     

大连市区地表天然放射性水平调查

利用ARD型γ能谱仪对辽宁省大连市区地表天然放射性核素²³⁸U、²³²Th、⁴⁰K含量进行了现场测量.调查结果显示,大连市区²³⁸U、²³²Th、⁴⁰K比活度平均值分别为23.09 Bq/kg（范围值1.24~151.91 Bq/kg）、18.99 Bq/kg（范围值0.41~92.57 Bq/kg）、386.39 Bq/kg（范围值31.30~1095.50 Bq/kg）,均显著低于全国和世界的平均值.在测得的²³⁸U、²³²Th、⁴⁰K含量基础上,计算了距地面1 m高处空气中γ辐射吸收剂量率、外照射指数、内照射指数和年有效剂量等参数,并据此对大连市区天然放射性水平进行了评价.空气中γ辐射吸收剂量率（Dr）平均值为39.04 nGy/h,远低于全国（81.5 nGy/h）和世界（80 nGy/h）平均水平.外照射指数、内照射指数平均值分别为0.23、0.12,均远小于国家对建筑材料外照射指数的限值1.年有效剂量为0.048 mSv,远低于世界年平均有效剂量（0.46 mSv）以及公众外照射年有效剂量（1.0 mSv）的限值.评价结果表明,大连市区地表天然放射性辐射处于安全的水平.     

新一代三维GIS在自然资源与不动产信息管理中的应用

自然资源部要实现山、水、林、田、湖、草等自然资源与不动产登记的一体化管理,必须统筹考虑自然生态各要素、山上山下、地上地下、陆地海洋及流域上下游,实现国土空间中各类自然资源与不动产登记数据的融合衔接。但是传统二维GIS在全要素信息表达、多类型资源拓扑表达及资源资产监管分析等方面都存在不可避免的短板。为弥补二维GIS的不足,新一代三维GIS技术体系逐渐形成,包括能够全空间表达自然资源与不动产对象的数据模型,面向多尺度、多源、异构三维数据的融合技术,以及三维空间分析与计算技术,实现了对自然资源与不动产信息管理的全面升维。本文在新一代三维GIS技术的基础上,建立自然资源与不动产信息管理平台,以全新视角认知山水林田湖草生命共同体,提升自然资源与不动产管理系统的服务能力,实现自然资源和不动产信息的一体化管理、用途管制及辅助决策能力。