Natural gas diffusion model and diffusion computation in well Cai25 Bashan Group oil and gas reservoir

Natural gas diffusion through the cap rock is mainly by means of dissolving in water, so its concentration can be replaced by solubility, which varies with temperature, pressure and salinity in strata. Under certain geological conditions the maximal solubility is definite, so the diffusion computation can be handled approximately by stable state equation. Furthermore, on the basis of the restoration of the paleo-buried history, the diffusion is calculated with the dynamic method, and the result is very close to the real diffusion value in the geological history.     

Review study on near-natural conditions of Central European mountain streams, with particular reference to debris and beaver dams: Results of the “REG meeting” 2000

This paper summarises the results of the “Rhithron Ecology Group” meeting in Essen (March 2000), supplemented by a literature evaluation.An extended view of small mountain streams in Central Europe under “potentially natural conditions” is presented. We focus on the potential impact of natural transverse structures (debris dams and beaver dams) on stream morphology, hydrology, habitat composition and communities. Furthermore, impact of other stream morphological features, which are presently lacking in the Central European landscape, is described.We suggest that Central European mountain streams are characterised by a higher proportion of lentic zones under “potentially natural conditions”. Morphological degradation leads to a loss of lentic zones and to an increase of current velocities and corresponding changes in faunal composition, particularly higher abundance and proportion of rheophilic species and a decrease of species preferring lentic zones. This should be regarded in future stream assessment.     

Records of natural fire and climate history during the last three glacial-interglacial cycles around the South China Sea Charcoal record from the ODP 1144

The history of natural fire and its relationship to climate during the last three gla cial-interglacial cycles in the Southern coast areas of China and the northern continental shelf of the South China Sea (SCS) are discussed based on the statistic study of charcoal particles and associated pollen data from ODP 1144 Site (20° 3′N, 117° 25′E, 2037 m in water depth). Accord ing to the results of the charcoal and pollen study, the sediments from the upper 225 m are divided into 8 zones (C1-8), which might be correlated with the Marine Isotope Stage 1-8 (MIS1-8)respectively. Our study indicates that during the last glacial period (MIS2, 4), the influx of charcoal particle was much higher than that from the interglacial period, suggesting strong occurrence of natural fire and dry climate. During MIS 6 and MIS 8 (C6, C8), although the influx of fine charcoal particles was quite high, the influx of the coarse and medium charcoal particle were much low,which might be due to the smaller source area of fire probably resulting from the limited exposure of the continental shelf before MIS5. During the interglacial period (MIS1, 5, 7), the influxes of charcoal particles were much lower, implying dropping of intensity of the natural fire and then a humid climate. Another reason is that the continental shelf was submerged into the sea during the interglacial periods, and the source areas of fire were reduced then. Although the influx of the fine charcoal particles was much lower during MIS3, the influx of the coarse and medium charcoal par ticles were almost equal to those of MIS4 (C4), which suggests that the intensity of the natural fire remained quite high and the climate was considerably dry during that period.     

河北省饮料工业现状及发展目标

近１０年来，河北省饮料工业发展迅速。矿泉水更是异军突起，现有设计生产能力为２０万ｔ／ａ。１９９４年产量为４．５万ｔ，比１９９３年增长７．２倍。包括矿泉水在内的饮料工业目前存在的问题是，产量少，规模小，名牌少，中小型企业技术装备落后，产品结构不合格。今后主要应以矿泉水为基液，发展多品种，名牌优质饮料，降低成本，以适应各层次消费者的需要。     

遵化市傲子峪锶－偏硅酸型饮用天然矿泉水

傲子峪矿泉水产于清东陵东侧采金坑道之中。１９９４年１１月经河北省矿产储量委员会鉴定，属低钠、锶－偏硅酸型饮用天然矿泉水。该泉水量丰富，动态稳定，环境优美，交通方便，具有良好的开发前景。     

黄骅市南排河碘－锶－偏硅酸优质饮用天然矿泉水

重点阐述了南排河天然矿泉水的赋存环境，尤其对珍贵的碘－锶－偏硅酸型矿泉水的分布、成因、开发利用作了论述，并对开采现状、发展前景提出了看法。     

瑶岗仙钨矿床的晶洞特征及其研究意义

瑶岗仙黑钨矿床石英脉的地质特征、晶洞类型、含晶标志，分布规律以及晶洞发育的控制因素研究表明，矿区第Ⅱ成矿期矿脉的晶洞规模，分布、优美晶体、晶簇天然观赏矿物的成生，具有一定的理论，经济研究意义。     

The Speciation of (CH3)2Sn2+ in Electrolyte Solution Containing the Major Components of Natural Waters

Hydrolysis constants of dimethyltin(IV) cation, in different salt solutions (CaCl₂: 0.15 I 0.90; MgCl₂: 0.30 I 0.60; NaCl-–NaClO₄, NaCl-–NaNO₃ mixtures: I = 3; NaCl-–Na₂SO₄ mixtures: I = 1 mol dm^-3) were determined by potentiometric ([H⁺]-glass electrode) measurements. These data, together with previous data (De Stefano et al., 1996b) were interpreted in terms of DHT (Debye–Hückel type) and Pitzer equations. The mixed electrolyte solution results also allowed us to obtain and parameters for the Pitzer equation. Calorimetric measurements were made at different ionic strengths in order to find the temperature dependence of hydrolysis constants and of the relative interaction parameters. The body of results allows us to determine the speciation of natural waters in a wide range of ionic strengths and temperatures.     

2005年前东北地区地震趋势预测

从地震活动时间序列的自然节律和地震天文周期等方面,对2005年以前东北地区浅震和深震的趋势,作了分析和预测。经χ~2检验可知。东北浅震受18.6年周的月球升交点运动和22年周的太阳黑子磁场交变影响较显著。综合预测,第五活跃期的时段为:1995年—2005年,在南、中北区内,都将发生5级以上地震。在未来活跃期内,发生7级地震的可能性很小,但发生两次以上6级强震的可能性较大,且可能在中区和南区发生。东北深震没有明显的自然周期和天文周期。综合预测,6级以上深震未来活动时段为:1996年—2008年。     

Relationships of Louisiana Colonial Land Claims with Potential Natural Vegetation and Historic Standing Structures: A GIS Approach*

Louisiana's French, Spanish, and British colonial administrations left a vivid imprint on the landscape in the form of unique cadastral survey systems. The collective distribution of these colonial land claims presents a picture of the colonial occupation of the state. Settlement shows up clearly along the waterways of the bayou state. Equally significant are the areas devoid of land claims. This paper discusses the compilation of the colonial Louisiana land claims map and demonstrates its utility to GIS-based historical geography and historic preservation. By merging this map with other digitized datasets such as potential natural vegetation and historic structures, the seemingly chaotic 18th century occupance of an extremely heterogeneous physical environment becomes patterned, and prior assumptions about the colonial settlement process may be tested with greater precision.