汶川地震震前龙门山区域地壳密度动态变化分析

利用龙门山区域重力网经平差处理和去基准点干扰、去高程变化影响的1997-2007年11期重复重力观测数据,借助密度的三维反演方法,分析研究了龙门山地区地壳各深度的介质密度的动态变化特征。结果显示：汶川8.0级地震孕育发生过程中区域密度场的整体时空分布均表现出显著特征,从时间进程来看,震前十年的密度变化趋势呈现阶段性变化：密度变化平稳阶段—变化剧烈阶段（加速增加—缓慢减少）—变化缓慢减少阶段—密度变化缓慢增加阶段,密度变化程度由强到弱,表明大地震孕育达到了最后阶段;从空间分布来看,密度变化分布有“分散—相对集中”的趋势,震前地下密度场具有熵值减小的现象;密度变化剧烈地方多发生在龙门山断裂带及其以西的川西高原上。此外,随深度的增加,密度变化趋势越来越明显。通过比较分析,在汶川地震前密度变化对重力的影响远远超过高程变化对重力的影响。     

Soil organic carbon and nitrogen content of density fractions and effect of meadow degradation to soil carbon and nitrogen of fractions in alpine Kobresia meadow

This research was conducted on the non-disturbed native alpine Kobresia meadow(YF) and the severely degraded meadow(SDL) of Dari County of Qinghai Province.By a density fractionation approach,each soil sample was divided into two fractions:light fraction(LF) and heavy fraction(HF).The obtained fractions were analyzed for organic carbon(OC) and nitrogen(N) concentrations.The results showed:(1) the OC concentration in HF and LF was 3.84% and 28.63% respectively while the nitrogen concentration in HF and LF wa...     

1984 年以来北京零售业空间发展趋势与特征

在采用虚拟变量对密度函数进行调整的基础上, 借助扩展方法引入时间变量构建计量经济模型测度北京零售业空间发展的分异与趋势, 并利用GIS技术研究了新型零售业的空间布局特征。结果表明:① 1984-2010 年, 近郊区零售业保持着强劲的增长势头, 增速是远郊区的近两倍, 而远郊区快于中心区, 说明中心区零售业地位的相对下降, 类似于20 世纪中期美国大都市区的发展特征。② 2000 年以来, 远郊区零售业增速下降, 近郊区小幅提升, 而中心区发展速度明显回升, 说明部分学者提出的20 世纪90 年代末期旧城区零售业“空洞化”、“边缘化”的发展趋势并未延续。③ 紧随人口的郊区化, 90 年代中期兴起的连锁超市以三环路为基础外向发展, 三、四环路和五、六环路之间数量较多, 而传统百货商店则主要布局在三环路以内。④ 以超市为代表的新型零售业空间布局呈现大分散、小集聚的特征, 没有表现出明显的等级性, 集聚区域既包括近郊人口密集区, 也包括远郊新城和城郊大型居住区。零售业的空间发展趋势与超市的空间特征共同显示, 北京应进一步提升远郊零售业的连锁化水平, 提高服务水平和质量, 促进居住与消费的空间平衡。     

Water relations and hydraulic architecture of two Patagonian steppe shrubs: Effect of slope orientation and microclimate

On a local scale, topography influences microclimate, vegetation structure and the morpho-physiological attributes of plants. We studied the effects of microclimatic differences between NE- and SW-facing slopes on the water relations and hydraulic properties of two dominant shrubs of the Patagonian steppe in Argentina (Retanilla patagonica and Colliguaja integerrima). The NE-facing slope had higher irradiance and air saturation deficits and lower soil water availability and wind speed than the SW-facing slope. Predawn and midday Ψ_L and osmotic potentials were significantly lower in shrubs on the NE-facing slope. Osmotic adjustment and more elastic cell walls helped the plants to cope with a more xeric environment on NE-facing slope. Higher water deficits on NE-facing slope were partially compensated by a higher leaf and stem water storage. While stem hydraulic efficiency did not vary between slopes, leaf hydraulic conductance was between 40% and 300% higher on the NE-facing slope. Changes observed in leaf size and in SLA were consistent with responses to mechanical forces of wind (smaller and scleromorphic leaves on SW-facing slope). Morpho-physiological adjustments observed at a short spatial scale allow maintenance of midday Ψ_L above the turgor loss point and demonstrate that leaves are more responsive to microclimatic selective pressures than stems.     

Density profiles and luminosity functions of the globular clusters M3 and M92

Tautenburg Schmidt plates with the globular clusters M3 and M92 were measured on the APM facility in Cambridge, mainly for astrometric purposes. The data were used to derive the radial density profiles and the luminosity functions of these clusters. There is a good agreement of our results with formerly ones derived by other authors. In both clusters effects of mass segregation are observed.     

高密度电阻率法探测岩溶的应用研究

应用高密度电阻率法查清三家子地段输油管道地下岩溶的分布状态，解决了岩溶对输油管道影响的问题。     

未来月球熔岩管科研工作站能源供给的数值模拟

在月球熔岩管内建立科研工作站可以避免很多自然灾害, 因此月球熔岩管长期被认为是人类探索月球建造科研基地的理想场所.Apollo 15和Apollo 17实测资料表明月表具有极低的导热系数, 所以月球风化层的温度在深度超过50 cm的区域保持在较低的恒定值(~250 K).因此, 在熔岩管内建立科研工作站需要考虑维持人类宜居温度的供热问题.在不考虑熔岩管轴向热量流失的情况下, 本文建立了二维瞬态热传导的有限元数值模型, 定量研究了位于赤道和极地地区的单位轴向长度(1 m)熔岩管加热到宜居温度的时间、维持在宜居温度所需要的供给功率以及利用太阳能给熔岩管供电等问题.结果表明, 对于直径为20 m的单位长度的管洞, 在Apollo测量点和极地地区分别采用6280 W及16328 W的加热功率一个月球日内就可以将其加热到宜居温度(~293.15 K).在维持宜居温度阶段, 熔岩管壁热量在向四周传递的同时热流也在逐渐减小.结果也表明, 为了节约能源, 月球科学研究站应建在赤道地区平均温度较高、深度较深、直径较大的熔岩管处.而且如果在熔岩管壁处增加0.5 m厚度的风化层作为绝热层可以进一步减小加热功率和热量损失.因此, 在加热阶段位于赤道地区直径为20 m且含绝热层的熔岩管在前三年需要20L~120L W(L(m)为实际熔岩管的轴向长度)的加热功率和0.06L~0.4L m²的太阳能电池板.3年后, 仅需15L W的功率和0.05L m²的太阳能电池板即可满足室温需求.我们的研究将为今后在月球熔岩管内建立科学研究基地提供科学指导.

     

SporadicE ionization associated with meteor events

Two meteor events which were sighted in the Gujarat skies of India, were accompained by the visibility of sporadicE ionization on the ionograms recorded at Ahmedabad (Geog. Lat. 23·2°N, long. 72·30°E). The first event was the Dhajala fireball which flashed into the geoatmosphere along an E-N to W-S trail at about 20·40 h IST on 28 January 1976; the closest distance of the ground projection of meteor trail from Ahmedabad was 50km. The other event was a possible meteor group sighted over Ahmedabad on 28 May 1978, at about 21·10 h IST. This work describes the nature of the sporadicE ionization observed on Ahmedabad ionograms during the two events. Features of theEs echo during the Dhajala event which indicate that it could be of meteoric origin are discussed. Meteor theory is used to relate the observed ionization with the physical dimensions of the Dhajala meteorite as obtained by other workers.     

影响东海海底管道安全的灾害因素

通过多年的海底管道检测成果,分析了东海海区对管道路由存在威胁的灾害因素,认为可以分为人类活动、海流冲刷、浅部地质灾害和砂质底质等;重点探讨了拖痕、海流冲刷、浅层气和砂土液化等灾害因素的致灾机理和致灾结果,目的是加深对这些灾害的认识,以期在今后的检测中能够及时发现存在的安全隐患,并能采取相应的防范措施,确保海底管道的安全运行。