招远两涧地区金矿特征及成矿规律探讨

招远两涧地区位于玲珑金矿田的东北部边界,多数矿脉延至本区尖灭,本区金矿的特征为:矿脉众多,矿体规模为中小型,矿石类型以含金黄铁绢英岩化碎裂岩、含金黄铁石英脉为主,矿石品位较高。成矿规律为:矿体均受断裂构造控制;矿区南部矿体赋存在地表至-200 m标高之间共计600 m的范围内;36号脉、510号脉、209号脉为本区较大规模的矿脉,所含矿体在规模、数量、赋存位置等方面具有各自的规律。     

四川盆地龙泉山含油气构造浅层天然气对隧道工程危害研究

龙泉山是具备油气生储盖组合的含油气构造,出露侏罗系和白垩系非煤系地层,有7个构造高点,节理裂隙发育,是浅层天然气有利聚集区,沙溪庙组砂岩是浅层天然气主要储层。已建达成铁路炮台山隧道和成-简快速通道龙泉山2#隧道在施工中都出现浅层天然气燃烧和爆炸现象。拟建的成洛大道东延线、成安渝高速公路和成渝客专又将以隧道方式通过龙泉山含油气构造,故研究浅层天然气对隧道危害有重要意义。通过现场8座隧道共20个钻孔天然气浓度测试,发现8座隧道均有浅层天然气显示,天然气最高浓度8.654%,最低浓度0.081%, 8座隧道均受到天然气危害。研究表明,隧道所处构造位置和地层岩性是隧道受浅层天然气危害大小的主要影响因素,隧道离含油气构造高点越近,在穿越裂隙发育的地层时,其钻孔天然气浓度越高,隧道受浅层天然气危害越大。     

Probabilistic analysis of retaining walls

A methodology for the probabilistic analysis of reinforced concrete cantilever walls is developed and described in this paper. The wall’s external stability under static conditions is addressed and modeled as a series system with correlated failure modes. Computations of reliability are performed using Monte Carlo simulations for assumed probability distributions of the backfill and foundation material engineering properties. A case example is analyzed based on the described methodology. The results indicated that risk, measured by the system probability of failure, is not a linear function of safety ratios. All three safety ratios in question were positively correlated, with bearing capacity being subjected to higher degree of uncertainty. The degree of correlation was found to have an important effect on the system probability of failure. Considering the width of the base as varying design parameter, the study also showed that first-order reliability bounds, which are often applied in practice, may lead to a noteworthy over- or under-estimation of the design.     

渝南—黔北奥陶系五峰组的同生变形构造及其地质意义

重庆綦江奥陶系五峰组中—下部的黑色页岩中发育有一系列主要由阶梯状断层和其间的小型褶皱构成的同生变形构造(contemporaneous deformed structures),并可大致分为3个构造层段。沉积后—固结成岩前所形成的同生变形构造层之上为正常沉积的黑色页岩层。另外,在贵州桐梓五峰组距底部2.3m左右的黑色页岩中也发育有与綦江地区相似的、以小型褶皱为主的同生变形构造层,且此同生变形构造层上下为斑脱岩层。同生变形构造的发现,表明渝南—黔北地区奥陶纪晚期(五峰期)的沉积盆地为非平坦的古地貌,且曾发生过多期可能与火山运动相关的构造运动。     

地震安全性评价中若干地震地质问题探讨

本文在对活动断层的工程涵义进行了简要分析后,讨论了断层物质测年的工程应用进展及其断层活动时代鉴定问题,并就如何加强中强地震发震构造判别、应用地震地质资料评估大地震年平均发生率、以及活动断层地表断错位移的概率评价等问题作了初步探讨。     

城市群体建筑物震害模拟方法研究

本文针对目前进行城市群体建筑物震害预测时,在数据收集和计算工作中遇到的实际困难,提出了一种简化的震害计算方法——单元破坏度指数法。同时将该计算模型嵌入到ArcView 9.0的GIS平台中,并以Oracle数据库为支撑,结合青岛市的实际数据,对城市群体建筑物的震害进行了模拟。结果表明,单元破坏度指数法不仅大大简化了数据收集和处理的工作量,而且计算结果的精度同样能满足工程应用的要求,与GIS相结合可以客观快速地模拟出城市群体建筑物的震害程度及其空间分布。     

四川盆地喜马拉雅期地应力场演化对油气运移聚集影响

根据四川盆地及邻区的新构造运动,天然发震机制、石油钻探、人工地震,构造圈闭形态变异及交切关系、储层或油气藏压力、卫星遥感信息解译等多方面资料综合分析得出,喜马拉雅三幕构造运动区域主压应力方向变化很大,早幕和晚幕运动为NE-SW向,中幕运动为NW-SE向。晚幕运动形成的北西向新油气构造圈闭,与中幕运动形成的北北东向及燕山中幕形成的北东东向含油气构造圈闭或油气藏复合叠加,形成了一大批复合背斜构造圈闭的油气藏,也是四川盆地油气勘探最佳远景区。     

“彭灌杂岩”推覆体的构造变形特征

位于龙门山中段的“彭灌杂岩”推覆体，主要由中晚元古代的二长花岗岩、英云间长岩、钾长花岗岩、辉长岩等组成，用颗粒锆石法测其年龄值为６９９—８５９Ｍａ。该推覆体的推覆面（映秀断裂）为脆－韧性变形，且以脆性变形为主的逆冲推覆断裂，并且有走滑性质。推覆体内部早期为韧性变形，叠加晚期脆性改造，其断裂呈叠瓦状排列，中后部以韧脆性变形为主，至前部脆性变形增强，总体为一个由众多岩片叠置而成的韧脆性冲断推覆体。     

Possible impact origin for the Middle Miocene (Serravallian) Puffin Structure,Ashmore Platform,northwest Australia

The Puffin Structure is interpreted from high‐quality 3D seismic data as a small multiringed impact structure formed by collision of a meteorite or small asteroid with unconsolidated, water‐saturated shallow‐marine shelf carbonates during the Middle Miocene (mid to late Serravallian). The impact created a dish‐shaped structure about 2.5 km in diameter with annular rings and no central uplift.     

Consolidation of sensitive clay with vertical drain

The coefficient of consolidation is one of the most important parameters that control the rate of consolidation. Conventional consolidation theories assume that the coefficient of consolidation is constant during the whole consolidation process. In the case of sensitive clay, the coefficient of consolidation is strongly dependent on the level of effective stress of clay. With the dissipation of pore water pressure and the increase of effective stress, the soil structure of the upper subsoil is gradually destroyed downwards and its coefficient of consolidation becomes smaller. At the same time, the coefficient of permeability of the vertical drains drops down because of the kinking or bending effect. The destructured upper subsoil and the kinking of the vertical drain hinder the dissipation of the pore pressure in the lower subsoil. This paper presents a model to describe the above important phenomena during the consolidation of sensitive clay with vertical drain. The solution for proposed model can be obtained by extending the closed‐form solution of the consolidation of double‐layered ground with vertical drain by the interactive method introducing the concept of the moving boundary and the reduction of discharge capacity of vertical drain. The numerical results obtained from the finite element method package PLAXIS (Ver. 7.2) are adopted to compare those obtained from the present algorithm. Moreover, the rationality of the moving boundary is explained by the distributions of the excess pore water pressure in natural soil zone along the radial direction. Wenzhou airport project is taken as a case study in this paper. The results for the sensitive soil with decaying sand drain agree very well with the in situ measured data. The calculated results can properly explain two general phenomena observed in the consolidation of soft sensitive soil ground with vertical drains: one is that the time to achieve the same consolidation degree is much longer under heavy loading than that under light loading; the other is that the consolidation speed is much slower in the lower subsoil than in the upper subsoil. Finally, it is indicated that the vertical drains can decrease the hindrance effect of the destructured subsoil. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.