A Study on the Formation of Smectite in Silica Scales Precipitated from Geothermal Water: The Effect of Magnesium

Abstract. Silica scales containing large amounts of smectite were recently found in the pipelines for geothermal water at a geothermal power plant. To elucidate the mechanism of smectite formation, seven silica scale samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis and ²⁷A1 MAS NMR. Smectite was present in samples with MgO levels above 10 wt% and Al₂O₃ levels below 10 wt%. In ²⁷A1 MAS NMR spectra, peaks assigned to both tetrahedrally and octahedrally coordinated aluminum (Al(4) and Al(6)) were observed for Mg-rich samples, whereas a peak due to Al(4) alone appeared in Mg-poor samples. From these observation and comparison between ²⁷A1 MAS NMR spectra for synthesized precipitates of Al₂O₃-SiO₂ containing MgO and not containing MgO, it is concluded that magnesium plays an important role in the stabilization of Al(6), and results in the formation of smectite     

Identifying when microbes biosilicify: The interconnected requirements of acidic pH, colloidal SiO2 and exposed microbial surface

This study demonstrates discernible biosilicification of natural microbial mats through batch laboratory experiments. Identification of the geochemical requirements for this process to occur includes thermodynamically favorable, but sluggish silica reaction kinetics associated with acidic conditions, and the necessity for colloidal silica rather than dissolved silicic acid species. This study provides the first results to bridge the apparent literature discrepancy between widespread, in-situ observations of microbial silicification, and the inability to demonstrate a detectable microbial impact in this process under well-constrained laboratory conditions. We compared the silica scavenging abilities of three natural microbial mats collected from Yellowstone National Park (YNP) hotsprings, relative to those of both abiotic particle (TiO₂) and solution controls at constant, near-saturated aqueous silica concentrations, while experimental pH and temperature conditions were varied, using both dissolved and colloidal SiO₂ forms. We specifically evaluated three microbial mats sampled from YNP sites all exhibiting saturation with respect to amorphous SiO₂, but possessing variable pH and temperature conditions that should reflect differential kinetics (and therefore biological opportunity) relative to silica polymerization: (1) most biologically favorable, acidic-mesophile (AM: pH 3, T = 35 °C); (2) biologically possible, but less opportune, alkaline, mesophile (ALK-M: pH 8, T = 35 °C) and (3) unlikely to be biologically favorable, alkaline-thermophile (ALK-T: pH 8, T = 80 °C). Comparison of field and laboratory results substantiates the requirements for thermodynamically favorable, but kinetically slower SiO₂ polymerization conditions. Results show that acidic moderate temperature conditions were required for an observable biosilicification impact. Moreover, they also identified for the first time, the necessity specifically for colloidal silica forms which are surface bound under acidic pH conditions, to distinguish discernible biosilicification compared to mineral particle controls. Results also highlight the important influence of mat surface characteristics in this process, specifically the extent of live, non-mineralized, exposed biological mat surface. Greater colloidal SiO₂ scavenging abilities are associated with non-mineralized microbial mat surfaces than with mineral particle surfaces or microbial mat surfaces encrusted with authigenic silica. These results are the first to demonstrate that biosilicification can be a microbially mediated, discernible geobiological process, shedding new light on the longstanding argument in the literature, and opening the door for more sensitive evaluation of this phenomenon in natural systems.     

石英砂选矿厂尾砂综合利用研究

为了实现石英资源的综合利用和保护环境，对原来的石英砂生产工艺进行了改造，降低了石英尾砂中的杂质含量，基于石英砂中SiO2含量高，粒度细的特点，开发出了以石英尾矿为原料生产石英粉的新工艺，所得产品符合无碱玻纤和釉料熔块工业的要求。     

热液体系中Si的络合作用

在不同温度、ＰＨ和硅浓度条件下,实验标定了Ａｕ－ＳｉＯ以及Ｓｎ－ＳｉＯ２之间的络合反应：Ａｕ＾＋＋Ｈ３ＳｉＯ４＾－之间的络合反应：Ａｕ＾＋＋Ｈ４ＳｉＯ＝ＡｕＨ３ＳｉＯ４ ｌｇＫ＝－１．６５４３６＋９６１１．２１／Ｔ;Ｓｎ＾４＋＋４Ｈ３ＳｉＯ４＾－＝Ｓｎ（Ｈ３ＳｉＯ４）４;ｌｇＫ２００ｃ＝４２．７３。通过与Ａｕ－Ｃｌ、Ａｕ－ＨＳ以及Ｓｎ－ＯＨ络合物迁移能力的比较,表明在具地质意义的Ｐ睡ＥＨ条件下,Ａ     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组泥页岩储层SiO2赋存状态研究

鄂尔多斯盆地泥页岩储层纯页岩段黏土矿物含量高,储集空间体积小。因此,黏土矿物转化释放的二氧化硅缺乏足够的空间,不能生长成自生石英,只能以非晶态存在于黏土矿物之间;而其粉砂质泥岩夹层中常见微米级孔洞。孔洞由长石溶蚀和黏土矿物转化形成,内部则发育晶形完好的自生石英、绿泥石及含铁方解石。此外,粉砂质泥岩的碎屑颗粒间常发育结块状非晶态二氧化硅,碎屑石英颗粒周围则以次生加大边的形式发育粒状和席状(或片状)非晶态二氧化硅。二氧化硅主要来源于黏土矿物转化与石英碎屑颗粒溶蚀。     

一种新型人工“流体包裹体”：融合二氧化硅毛细管技术

利用融合二氧化硅毛细管技术制作了纯H2O体系、纯CO2体系、H2O-NaCl体系和H2O-CO2体系的人工包裹体样品,并对样品进行了显微测温和激光拉曼光谱测试工作。实验结果显示毛细管样品中的流体成分具有代表性,而且常规的流体包裹体显微测温和显微激光拉曼光谱分析技术完全适于毛细管样品的测试。对样品的显微测温和拉曼光谱研究...     

赣南版石-蔡坊火山岩年代学、地球化学和锆石Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

赣南版石和蔡坊盆地流纹质火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果分别为129.2±2.3 Ma和138.0±2.4 Ma。综合报道的同时期火山岩年龄,可以确定武夷山西缘发育的早白垩世火山岩形成时限大约在145~130 Ma。版石和蔡坊火山岩SiO_270%,属于高硅流纹质岩石,具有较低的Fe_2O_3~t/MgO比值(平均值10),富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损中-重稀土元素,具显著的Eu负异常(δEu=0.06~0.20),类似于湿冷氧化性流纹岩,可能由来自交代岩石圈地幔的富钾岩浆结晶分异形成。湿冷氧化性的版石和蔡坊流纹质火山岩在武夷山西缘出现,并没有扩展到华南内陆,很可能表明古太平洋俯冲对华南地幔的影响范围主要位于武夷山西缘及其以东地区。     

自举法对我国进口铁矿二氧化硅含量的代表值估计

对我国近两年490批次、23个进口国的进口铁矿中SiO2含量进行了总体统计分析，在数据统计分布特征研究基础上，使用内核密度估计对进口铁矿SiO2含量进行数据多态性分析，使用自举法对原始数据样本值重复取样以获得稳健的SiO2含量代表值估计及标准偏差，并证明以自举法重新取样样本分布的均值与标准偏差作为有限单次样本代表值是合理、有效的。     

晚更新世以来南极罗斯海陆坡沉积物岩芯常量元素地球化学特征及其古环境意义

基于中国第32次南极科学考察在罗斯海外陆坡扇区获取的ANT32-RA05C岩芯,开展常量元素地球化学研究,探讨地球化学特征及其古环境意义。结果表明,ANT32-RA05C岩芯以分选差的混合冰海沉积物为主,含有大量的冰筏碎屑（平均29.76%）,并含有一定量生物硅（平均4.81%）。化学元素定量测试表明,沉积物常量元素配分模式为SiO2＞Al2O3＞Fe2O3＞Na2O＞K2O＞MgO＞CaO＞TiO2＞P2O5＞MnO,其中含量最高的常量元素为Si,主要来源于陆源碎屑（石英）和硅质生物沉积（生物硅）。对比XRF元素连续扫描与定量测试结果发现,Si、Ca等相关性较高,可用作高分辨率环境研究。结合环境指标研究发现,晚更新世MIS 7末期以来,常量元素含量变化与南极气候具有良好的对应关系,主要反映了气候对物源和环境的控制,气候转暖通常对应于冰山和初级生产力输入增强,气候转冷对应于冰山和初级生产力输入受限。该岩芯对重建罗斯海古气候演变,深化对罗斯海古环境认识有重要意义。     

生物硅的生成与溶解速率的研究-以胶州湾为例

营养盐的含量与元素间的比值直接控制着生态系统的生产力和浮游植物的种类组成.近岸海区硅藻可占初级生产的75%,但其生长速率受Si(OH)4含量的限制.胶州湾浮游植物的物种组成以硅藻为主.用29Si同位素示踪培养方法,采用四极杆质谱同位素稀释技术同时测定了胶州湾硅的生成速率与溶解速率.胶州湾生物硅(BSi)的含量为0.90～1.14 μmol/L,岩成硅(LSi)的含量为46.3～52.3 μmol/L.岩成硅是生物硅的约50倍.胶州湾BSi的含量处于世界近岸海区的低值范围,LSi的含量与LSi/BSi的比值均处于高值区.BSi的绝对生成速率为4～6 nmol/L*d,比生成速率为6～17/d.BSi的绝对溶解速率为<9 nmol/d,比溶解速率为<23/d.进一步开展胶州湾不同季节水体中BSi的生成速率与溶解速率的研究,是深入认识海湾浮游植物生长限制及其资源可持续利用的基础.