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长江口及邻近海域现代沉积物中正构烷烃分子组合特征及其对有机碳运移分布的指示 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
报道了长江口及邻近海域现代沉积物中正构烷烃的浓度及分布特征,通过因子分析法对正构烷烃来源进行了探讨.结果表明,调查站位正构烷烃主要可归纳为3种类型:陆源输入优势型(单峰群)、陆源和海洋内生混合类型(双峰群)和石油类污染类型(单峰型,不具奇偶优势).长江口邻近站位正构烷烃色谱指标的突变,是长江河口区2种不同水团造成沉积物差异的客观反映.除P4外,研究站位总正构烷烃含量(∑n-Alk)与有机碳总量(TOC)相关性良好,且长江口东南-浙江沿岸软泥区正构烷烃的陆源高等植物组分(TER-Alk)、海洋内生组分(PL-1)、奇偶碳优势指数(CPI)等指标与运移距离呈线形关系.在因子分析显示不同来源的4种正购烷烃中,以陆源烷烃输入比重最大(51.5%),在陆源烷烃中又以东海河流物质贡献最大(49.1%);根据因子负荷差异,推测东海北部沉积有机质可能多数来源于苏北沿岸及老黄河口水下三角洲,冲绳海槽区则可能大部分来源于长江及东海内陆架物质,并探讨了其运移机理. 相似文献
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从滴南凸起10个含油储集岩样品分步提取了自由态油气组分、束缚态油气组分和油气包裹体组分,各组分进一步做色谱、色谱-质谱和正构烷烃单体碳同位素分析。根据生物标志物组成,可将10个含油储集岩样分为两类:第一类包括D2-1和D18-12个侏罗系油砂样,第二类包括其他8个采自侏罗系、二叠系和石炭系含油储集岩样。两类样品生物标志物组成差异主要有:(1)第一类样品各类油气组分三环萜烷含量明显低于第二类样品;(2)第一类样品 C20、C21和 C23三环萜烷含量比较接近,其分布模式为 C20<C21>C23,第二类样品这3个化合物含量差异较大,且分布模式为C20>C21>C23;(3)第一类样品伽马蜡烷和β-胡萝卜烷相对含量高于第二类样品;(4)第一类样品C27甾烷含量较低而C28甾烷含量较高,第二类样品则相反。可以推断第一类样品自由态组分、束缚态组分和油气包裹体均来源于二叠系烃源岩而第二类样品各类油气组分则来源于石炭系烃源岩。第一类样品油气包裹体成熟度明显高于自由态组分和束缚态组分,表明早期充注原油的成熟度高于晚期充注的原油,总体上各类油气组分成熟度位于生油高峰阶段(Ro 0.8%~1.1%)。第二类样品从自由态组分、束缚态组分至油气包裹体成熟度依次降低,表明早期充注原油的成熟度低于晚期充注的原油,总体上各类油气组分成熟度位于高-过成熟阶段(Ro〉1.25%)。第一类样品各类油气组分正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成相对较轻,第二类样品各类油气组分正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成有一定的差异,组成较轻者与第一类样品各类油气组分接近。 相似文献
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小球藻和三角褐指藻中脂肪酸和长链烷烃组成的比较研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以小球藻(Chlorela sp.)和三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)为研究对象,比较了其合成有机物中长链烷烃和脂肪酸的组成和丰度.结果表明,小球藻中的脂肪酸以14:0、16:1、16:0、20:5为主,其中16:0饱和脂肪酸的质量分数为43%,具绝对优势.三角褐指藻中的脂肪酸组成显示16:1、16:0、20:5占优势.其中16:1和16:0两种脂肪酸含量相当.长链烷烃在两种藻中均以低碳链分布,优势组分集中在C16~C21碳链之间.小球藻中C17具有明显丰度,而三角褐指藻中长链烷烃含量差别不大.两种微藻中的长链烷烃组成都没有奇偶优势碳链分布的特征,这与陆源植物中长链烷烃明显的奇偶优势分布特征相比,具有显著的差异.这些结果对判断不同微藻在食物链中的营养级别,以及对以长链烷烃和脂肪酸为生物标志物研究我国近岸海沉积物中有机物的来源均具有实际意义. 相似文献
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太平洋东部ES0103柱状样品中可溶有机质的组成变化及其早期成岩作用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
利用2001年采自太平洋东部ES0103站位的多管沉积物柱状样品,采用GC/MS对沉积物中的可溶有机质(氯仿沥青"A")及其族组成(饱和烃、芳烃、非烃和沥青质)、正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烃和萜类化合物进行了定量分析,结果表明:(1)氯仿沥青"A"中的非烃较饱和烃和芳烃的含量高,反映出该海区沉积物中有机质的演化程度较低.(2)正构烷烃的碳分子数范围多为nC14~nC34,CPI值略显奇偶优势,轻重烃比值(nC23-/nC24 )较低;类异戊二烯烃的Pr/Ph值较低,显示出该海区沉积物中的烃类是在较强的还原环境下形成的低成熟烃类,其母质来源主要为大型低等水生生物.(3)总有机碳与显晶蜡产率、氯仿沥青"A"均呈明显正相关关系,表明有机质相对富集层位所处的沉积环境也有利于高蜡烃的形成,成烃演化与成岩作用阶段有较好的对应关系.而萜类化合物的Ts/Tm值在表层和深部差别不大,显示出典型的低成熟烃类的特征.由此可见, ES0103柱状样品所处海区的沉积物为在较强还原环境中形成的,其有机质演化程度较低,为早期成岩作用阶段的产物. 相似文献
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OU Wenji LEI Huaiyan LU Wanjun ZHANG Jie SHI Chunxiao GONG Chujun HAN Chao 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(1):226-237
The distributions of lipids in surface and subsurface sediments from the northern South China Sea were determined. The n-alkanes were in bimodal distribution that is characterized by a centre at n-C16 –n-C20 with maximum at C18(or C19) and n-C27 –n-C31 as well as at C29(or C31). The short-chain alkanes suffered from significant losses due to their slow deposition in the water column, and their presence with a slight even carbon predominance in shallow seafloor sediments was ascribed mainly to the direct input from the benthos. The long-chain alkanes with odd predominance indicate transportion of terrigenous organic matter. Immature hopanoid biomarkers reflect the intense microbial activity for bacteria–derived organic matter and the gradual increase of maturity with burial depth. Abundant n-fatty acid methyl esters(n-FAMEs) that are in distributions coincident with fatty acids were detected in all samples. We proposed that the observed FAMEs originated from the methyl esterification of fatty acids; methanol production by methanotrophs and methanogenic archaea related to the anaerobic oxidation of methane, and sulfate reduction provided an O–methyl donor for methylation of fatty acids. The CH4 released from hydrate dissociation at oxygen isotope stage II of Cores ZD3 and ZS5, which had been confirmed by the occurrence of negative δ13C excursion and spherical pyrite aggregates, could have accelerated the above process and thus maximized the relative content of FAMEs at ZD3-2(400–420 cm depth) and ZS5-2(241–291 cm depth). 相似文献
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Cenozoic climatic and environmental changes in the arid Asian interior, and their possible relations with global climatic changes and the Tibetan Plateau uplift, have been intensively investigated and debated over past decades. Here we present 40-Myr (million years)-long n-alkane records from a continuous Cenozoic sediment sequence in the Dahonggou Section, Qaidam Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau, to infer environmental changes in the northern basin. A set of n-alkane indexes, including ACL, CPI and Paq, vary substantially and consistently throughout the records, which are interpreted to reflect relative contributions from terrestrial vascular plants vs. aquatic macrophytes, and thus indicate depositional environments. ACL values vary between 21 and 30; CP1 values range from 1.0 to 8.0; and Paq values change from 〈0.1 to 0.8 over the past 40-Myr. We have roughly identified two periods, at 25.8-21.0 Ma (million years ago) and 13.0-17.5 Ma, with higher ACL and CPI and lower Paq values indicating predominant lacustrine environments. Lower ACL and CPI values, together with higher Paq values, occurred at 〉25.8 Ma, 17.5-21.0 Ma, and 〈13.0 Ma, corresponding to alluvial fan/river deltaic deposits and shallow lacustrine settings, consistent with the observed features in sedimentological facies. The inferred Cenozoic environmental changes in the northern Qaidam Basin appear to correspond to global climatic changes. 相似文献
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沉积物叶蜡正构烷烃氢同位素是指示气候和环境变化的一种新的生物地球化学指标,由于其存在广泛、成因机制清晰、易于保存等特点,被认为是具有很大潜力的重建古环境的替代指标。分析了正构烷烃的形成过程与其氢同位素的分馏机制,讨论了叶蜡正构烷烃氢同位素在不同气候区指示湿度变化的能力,总结了在东亚季风区半干旱区的一些应用案例。相比于风成黄土中其他气候代用指标,沉积物正构烷烃氢同位素更直接地指示了区域干湿变化,对区域气候和环境变化响应敏感,在长时间尺度上记录了水汽变化过程,并存在显著的太阳辐射岁差周期。正构烷烃氢同位素是一种理想的东亚季风区干旱半干旱地区湿度重建的代用指标,未来需要进一步研究大气降水同位素和本地分馏过程对其变化的控制规律,加强其在古气候定量重建中的研究应用。 相似文献