The role of mylonites in the uplift of an oblique lower crustal section, East Antarctica

Abstract Three generations of mylonites discovered in the northern Prince Charles Mountains (nPCM) are associated with episodes of crustal thickening and thinning. First-generation mylonites (MY1) are shallow thrusts which pre-date both folding and peak metamorphic conditions, and formed during early crustal thickening. Second-generation mylonites (MY2) are significant subvertical normal faults that formed at conditions of c. 5 kbar and 700° C, and throughout the nPCM consistently display NW-block uplift. It is argued that MY2 uplift was rapid in the north-west, produced exhumation of approximately 6–7 km, and caused re-equilibration of most nPCM assemblages at lower pressures. It is suggested that features of this terrane may be reconciled with a tectonic model involving simultaneous crustal thickening and lithospheric thinning; MY2 uplift may reflect isostatically induced uplift. In contrast, the adjacent east Lambert Glacier Region (eLGR) was unaffected by MY2 uplift and remained at lower crustal levels. P-T trajectories across this oblique terrane thus reflect a gradual transition in uplift rates: nPCM paths preserve mostly cooling after partial MY2 exhumation, while those in the eLGR are dominated by slower uplift which facilitated the retrograde growth of coronas and symplectites at amphibolite facies conditions. Amphibolite facies third-generation mylonites, MY3, post-date the preserved P-T segments and are low-angle normal faults which indicate consistent easterly transport across the entire terrane. It is proposed that they are related to tectonic collapse.     

海南岛戈枕脆、韧性叠加剪切带基本特征及其成矿意义

戈枕脆、韧性叠加剪切带为一条呈北东向横贯海南岛土外山金矿区的窄长线性强应变带,具有显著的塑性流变、剪切应变及递进演化的特点。带内岩石表现出强烈的韧性变形和糜棱岩化及叠加的碎袭岩化,以及绿片岩相退化变质作用,形成一套由不同时代不同类型岩石的糜棱岩、碎袭岩所组成,呈似透镜状平行产出的剪切带。其中较显著的是产生一套类似混合岩外貌的长英质糜棱岩系列岩石。戈枕脆、韧性叠加剪切带的发现和确定对研究土外山金矿床的成因以及进一步找矿具有十分重要的意义。     

Relationship between shear zones and igneous activity: The Closepet Granite of Southern India

The late Archaean Closepet granite of southern India is bounded by N-S trending shear zone. At the southern end of the granite both charnockite and granite veins are spatially associated with ductile shears. These shears continue further north and are confined to the contact zones in the central part of the granite outcrop. The main component of the shear zone are highly deformed granite sheets, augen gneisses and mylonites. Field observations and microstructural fabric of mylonites indicate a dextral sense of shear movement. Field evidence suggests that shear deformation was active throughout the evolution of the Closepet granite     

浅论伸展构造在基岩中的表现型式

伸展构造在基岩中的表现,取决于其形成时的变形相及岩石的变形行为,可以归纳为五种主要型式:高角度正断层系组成的地堑或盆岭式构造;剥离断层;岩层的普遍变薄与糜棱岩化;相对强硬层的香肠化和缺失;褶叠层的普遍存在。文中比较详细地讨论了剥离断层与冲断推覆构造的差异及糜棱岩的识别,尤其是对碳酸盐糜棱岩识别的主要标准。     

佳木斯中间地块前寒武纪地质研究

本文对前人确定的黑龙江群与麻山群的界限、接触关系及两群变质地体的性质提出疑义。笔者认为,两群变质地体的界限不在湖南营组(原黑龙江群顶部)与西麻山组(原麻山群底部)之间,而在湖南营组与下伏的原山嘴子组之间;它们不呈整合过渡接触,而是呈构造接触。本文重新认识和研究了黑龙江群变质地体的性质,认为不是区域变质地层单元,而且存在大型韧性剪切带,并论述了大型韧性剪切带的糜棱岩、微构造、变质作用等性质。     

安徽省嘉山管店-全椒龙王尖断裂的厘定和构造岩透射电镜分析及地质意义

嘉山管店-全椒龙王尖断裂表现为多条蚀变剪切带,镜下碎斑旋转变形明显,为"б"型,发育石英布丁构造.构造岩透射电镜分析结果进一步证实了该断裂的存在并具深断裂的特征.糜棱岩形成的差应力和应变速率及运动指向与郯庐断裂带内的糜棱岩相近.分析表明这条断裂是郯庐断裂带派生断裂,其形成与郯庐断裂左行平移有关.它控制燕山期花岗岩产出空间,指示郯庐断裂带左行平移可能发生在印支晚期.深断裂的属性使其成为金矿重要的区域控矿构造.     

Ductile Thrusting—shearing Genesis of Hongzhen Granitoid ,Anhui Province

As view from the petrological, mineralogical and petrochemical studies, the Hongzhen granitoid is characterized by the autochthonous-parautochthonous transformation. The source rocks are mainly felsic clastic sediments with a small amount of intermediate magmatite in the Zhangbaling Group. The granitoid is covered by mylonite and migmatite, and the three rocks share much in common with respect to their REE distribution patterns and the W-type distribution of transition elements, indicating that they all came from identical source rocks. The granitoid belongs to collision granites or postorogenic granitoids resulting from ductile thrusting-shearing under 550 °C and 7 × 10⁸ Pa conditions in the foreland of the Yangtze plate during the Late Indosinian movement, and from metasomatism plus partial melting. This project was partly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (DO406-49274200).     

Geochemical and Mineralogical Studies of the Mylonite Xenoliths and Monzogranite Rocks at Wadi Abu Rusheid,South Eastern Desert,Egypt: Insights on the Genesis of Mineralization

Abu Rusheid area lie in the south of the Eastern Desert of Egypt and comprises (1) ophiolitic mélange, consisting of ultramafic rocks and layered metagabbros in metasedimentary matrix (2) cataclastic group, consisting of protomylonites, mylonites, ultramylonites and silicified ultramylonites (3) monzogranites (4) pegmatite pockets, quartz veins and post-granite dykes. Focus on the monzogranites and the xenoliths of mylonite rocks from the geochemical and mineralogical points of view introduces a new view about the genesis of the related mineralization. Geochemically, the monzogranites have a metaluminous character and were crystallized under moderate water-vapor pressure around 3 kb and temperatures of 750–800°C. The monzogranites are altered along strike-slip faults exhibiting propylitic, with slightly sodic metasomatism and record high radioactive measurements. The average uranium and thorium (U and Th) contents in fresh monzogranites, mylonite xenolith and altered monzogranites are (7.3, 21.20), (40.36, 94.82), (60.34 and 347.88 ppm), respectively. These high radioactivities are attributed to the presence of kasolite, uranothorite, cerite, fluorite, zircon, apatite and columbite. The mylonite xenolith is higher in radioactivity than the surrounding fresh monzogranites, reflecting U and Th enrichment before emplacement of the monzogranites, then the latter were subjected to right lateral strike-slip faulting with producing hydrothermal solution rich in Th and U.     

滇西三江地区西盟群的再认识——来自构造变形特征及锆石U-Pb年代学的证据

位于保山-掸泰地块东缘的西盟群,长期以来被认为是该地块在我国境内唯一出露的"前寒武纪"基底变质岩系,但其缺乏可靠的年代学数据和化石支持。本文基于详细地野外考察和显微构造分析认为,西盟群变质岩系可解体为花岗质糜棱岩和浅变质岩。前者主要出露于西盟穹形隆起的核部,遭受了强烈的韧性剪切变形;后者分布于隆起的边缘及东西两侧,归属为帕克组、王雅-允沟组。通过变形岩石的石英EBSD组构分析,揭示出位于西盟隆起核部的岩石经历了中等温度条件(550~650℃,角闪岩相)下的变形作用,并叠加了较低温度条件(400~550℃,绿片岩相)下的变形作用;而靠近西盟隆起边部的岩石仅经历了较低温度条件(400~550℃,绿片岩相)下的变形作用。本文还对西盟群变质岩中的3个花岗质糜棱岩样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,得到的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为455±3Ma、456±3Ma和454±3Ma。结合前人获得的年代学数据和化石资料,认为西盟群变质岩系的原岩主要由两个不同时期的物质组成,即中-晚奥陶世(~460Ma)侵入的花岗岩及寒武纪的碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩夹少量基性火山岩等;前者遭受强烈变质变形作用的改造,形成花岗质糜棱岩;后者遭受低级变质作用形成千枚岩、片岩、大理岩等浅变质岩。进而表明,前人将西盟群作为保山地块的"前寒武系"结晶基底变质岩系是不合理的。     

同韧性剪切断裂特征及其研究意义

同韧性剪切断裂是一种新的断裂类型,它既不同于脆性断裂,也不同于韧性剪切带。它是韧性剪切带在一定条件下发展到一定程度转化为宏观破裂的产物,在宏观、微观、地球化学等许多方面独具特征。它的研究对丰富和发展构造地质学理论、地质找矿、地震、地质灾害、工程稳定等许多方面有重要意义。