汇聚背景下的多幕裂陷作用及其迁移机制:以南海北部珠江口盆地为例

南海的形成演化受控于印-澳、欧亚以及太平洋板块的相互运动,为研究汇聚背景下板块碰撞及其远程效应提供重要窗口。为了揭示该汇聚背景下的多幕裂陷过程,本文选取地质信息丰富的整个珠江口盆地为典型区,利用三条高精度地震剖面,对盆地各地质单元进行断层活动速率和构造沉降速率的定量计算及综合分析。结果表明盆地裂陷期东部、中部和西部主要控凹断层的平均活动速率分别为96 m/Ma、223 m/Ma和124 m/Ma,且其平均沉降速率依次为8.5 m/Ma、34 m/Ma和12.7 m/Ma,盆地整体呈现中部裂陷作用最强,其后向西部和东部逐渐减弱的特征。本文认为这与先存断裂以及初始地壳厚度有关:盆地东部和中部存在NE向先存断裂,并且东部先存断裂更加活跃,因此在新生代拉伸应力下东部更易表现为裂陷作用最强的区域,其次为中部和西部;而受前新生代时期俯冲作用的影响,岩浆的底垫作用引起盆地东部地壳增厚,东部裂陷作用强度急剧降低,造成裂陷作用强度的东西差异。此外,盆地南段凹陷裂陷期的断层活动和沉降速率发生激增,裂陷作用存在向南迁移的现象。本文推测在深度相关的伸展模式的影响下,南段凹陷地壳温度升高,强度减弱,因而在伸展应力下发生快速的拉伸减薄,导致裂陷中心向南迁移及岩浆物质上涌。同时,侵入的岩浆物质导致高角度正断层转换成低角度正断层,进一步促进裂陷中心向南迁移。     

多相糜棱岩内第二相对应变局部化的影响——以秦岭群花岗质糜棱岩为例

糜棱岩韧性变形发生的应变局部化过程,尤其是多相糜棱岩第二相对基质相变形的影响一直是显微构造研究难点.研究表明糜棱岩借助颗粒边界滑移实现多相混合,形成多矿物相集合体.在多相糜棱岩内,第二相在基质相颗粒边界施加齐纳阻力,牵制基质相颗粒边界的迁移速率,破坏基质相颗粒的动态平衡过程,使基质相颗粒位于古应力计对应的颗粒粒度以下,...     

油藏多相渗流的面向对象有限元程序设计

近年来,面向对象的编程技术越来越受到人们的重视,并用来解决和模拟各种物理问题和工程问题,特别是在有限元方法编程和模拟中得到了广泛地应用。介绍了面向对象的程序设计方法和它与有限元程序相结合的原理和优点。在此基础上提出了面向对象有限元方法在油藏多相渗流中的应用实例,并按照面向对象的程序设计方法,基于Windows XP平台采用Visual C++.NET语言,建立了有关描述多相渗流的有限元模型的类,给出了类的描述和它的实现方法。建立的相关类及其实现方法主要包括处理矩阵计算的类、节点类、单元类、材料类、形函数类等。据此编制了油藏多相渗流的有限元分析的数值计算程序,并给出了一个数值实例。     

Crossover from Nonlinearity Controlled to Heterogeneity Controlled Mixing in Two-Phase Porous Media Flows

We use high resolution Monte Carlo simulations to study the dispersive mixing in two-phase, immiscible, porous media flow that results from the interaction of the nonlinearities in the flow equations with geologic heterogeneity. Our numerical experiments show that distinct dispersive regimes occur depending on the relative strength of nonlinearity and heterogeneity. In particular, for a given degree of multiscale heterogeneity, controlled by the Hurst exponent which characterizes the underlying stochastic model for the heterogeneity, linear and nonlinear flows are essentially identical in their degree of dispersion, if the heterogeneity is strong enough. As the heterogeneity weakens, the dispersion rates cross over from those of linear heterogeneous flows to those typical of nonlinear homogeneous flows.     

重庆酉阳坝竹坨汞、铅锌矿床地质特征及成因分析

酉阳坝竹坨汞、铅锌矿叠生并主要呈似层状和脉状产于中寒武统高台组、石冷水组白云岩中,矿石矿物组合简单,主要有辰砂、方铅矿、闪锌矿、方解石、白云石、石英、重晶石、萤石等。矿床主要受地层、岩性及构造的控制。矿床为多期热液成矿。     

A multiphase approach for evaluating the horizontal and rocking impedances of pile group foundations

This paper advocates the use of a multiphase model, already developed for static or quasi‐static geotechnical engineering problems, for simulating the behaviour of piled raft foundations subject to horizontal as well as rocking dynamic solicitations. It is shown that such a model, implemented in a FEM code, yields appropriate predictions for the foundation impedance characteristics, provided that shear and bending effects in the piles are taken into account, thus corroborating the findings of the asymptotic homogenization theory. Besides, it is notably pointed out that such a multiphase‐based computational tool makes it possible to assess the dynamic behaviour of pile groups in a much quicker way than when using direct numerical simulations, which may face oversized problems when large pile groups are concerned. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Impact of the blockage ratio on the transport of sediment in the presence of a hydrokinetic turbine: Numerical modeling of the interaction sediment and turbine

Interactions between hydrokinetic turbines and near scale and far scale bed sediment particles are considered a critical area of assessment; however, a limited number of research studies have been published to address this issue. The current paper explores the influence of the blockage ratio on the morphology evolution downstream from a hydrokinetic turbine. A modeling framework is derived to predict the significant transport induced by a turbine installed on the erodible fluvial sandy bed surface, such as the Eulerian multi-phase model for the sediment and the Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT) for the turbine, using the open source platform OpenFOAM. Two configurations of different blockage ratios are considered. The configurations show differences in the bed morphology and the sediment transport. It has been shown for both configurations that the scour capabilities are enhanced below the turbine due to the acceleration of the flow and increasing local shear stress on the sediment.     

井喷关井水击分析及水击波速计算

油气井发生溢流或井喷后,立即关闭防喷器,关井期间防喷器需经受关井产生的水击压力作用。本文在对井喷关井水击的传播物理特征分析的基础上,推导直接关井水击压力计算公式,综合考虑井筒流体含气率、气液两相流型、固相类型等对水击波速的影响,推导水击波在气、液、固三相混合流体中传播速度计算公式,并通过算例对水击波速影响因素进行分析。计算表明水击波速对含气率变化非常敏感,钻井液含气率在0～0.001的时候,水击波速几乎是发生了突变,水击波速在含气率为0.001时仅为385 m/s,相比纯钻井液情况下降了67%,而钻井液固相含量、套管的内径和壁厚对水击波传播速度影响较小。     

天然气水合物区多相流体运移模型：以南海神狐海域为例

天然气水合物是重要的海洋油气资源,近年来利用孔隙水地球化学手段结合流体反应运移模型对水合物进行勘探已 成为研究热点。文章针对南海神狐海域钻探GMGS-1航次的数据资料,用孔隙水溴碘摩尔数比值拟合全新世流体运移速率, 构建了二期次非稳态水合物多相流体运移模型,并以SH7站位作为应用,发现自更新世以来研究区水合物成藏系统处于衰 退状态。通过模型参数敏感性分析,了解到影响模型输出的参数权重从高到低依次是沉积物孔隙度、有机质含量和沉积埋 藏速率。进一步数值分析表明,在水合物成藏系统中,有机质含量与水合物饱和度满足线性相关,其他主要参数与饱和度 的关系并非单调函数,且主导水合物稳定区内的甲烷物源是深部外源流体所携带的甲烷。多相流体运移模型对水合物资源 勘查具有一定的理论意义。     

致密砂岩多期裂缝形成机制及定量表征研究进展

致密砂岩油气是重要的非常规资源,裂缝作为主要渗流通道,其本身分布规律的复杂性以及多期发育和多期充填的特征,直接影响着裂缝预测的精度,目前尚缺乏一套全面解决构造裂缝定量预测的系统方法。因此,需要深入探讨多期裂缝的识别、充填过程和形成—叠加演化机制,建立合理的裂缝表征模型,以定量预测裂缝参数分布范围。在大量文献调研的基础上,本文认为致密储层裂缝研究主要涉及三个关键方向:通过野外露头和岩心观察,分析裂缝发育特征,结合构造演化和流体包裹体分析,确定裂缝发育期次;通过热液充填模拟实验和岩石力学实验,揭示裂缝充填机制,及其在多期应力作用下裂缝的萌生、扩展和叠加过程;采用实验统计方法,基于能量守恒定理和最大应变能密度理论,建立考虑裂缝差异充填的各向异性强度破裂准则,建立裂缝参数的定量表征模型。最终,本文形成和完善了致密砂岩多期裂缝演化及量化表征的理论体系,为此类油气田的勘探开发提供重要科学依据。