塔克拉玛干沙漠和田河西侧胡杨沙堆粒度特征

利用体积分形维数模型对塔克拉玛干沙漠和田河西侧胡杨沙堆的粒度特征进行分析,并探讨了沉积物分形维数与粒度参数的相关关系,结果显示：(1)胡杨沙堆表层土壤沉积物砂含量高达98.7%,有超过82%的土壤颗粒的粒级在32μm~250μm的细沙范围内,平均粒径为258.0μm；(2)在胡杨沙堆不同部位表层土壤的粒级表现出有规律的变化,平均粒径从迎风坡坡脚至背风坡坡中逐渐变细,从背风坡坡中至背风坡坡脚逐渐变粗；(3)沙堆表层土壤整体分选性较差,偏度整体属于负偏；胡杨沙堆表层土壤呈现出从中等到较窄的峰度变化；(4)沉积物体积分形维数介于0.68-2.47,平均值为1.66。沙堆表层土壤的分形维数与各粒度特征参数均呈显著线性相关,与平均粒径拟合程度一般,R_²=0.388；与分选系数拟合中等,R_²=0.403；与偏度值拟合程度一般,R_²=0.353；与峰度值拟合中等偏上,R_²=0.737。     

MODE-TD检验方法在上海快速更新同化业务预报系统中的初步应用

本文将时域目标检验方法(MODE-TD)初步应用于上海快速同化更新预报系统(SMS-WARRV2.0),结果表明：(1)区别于传统检验方法,引入时间维后,MODE-TD方法可以通过降水目标轨迹、生命周期、生成和消散频数、体积比、速度差和方向差等检验指标来评估高分辨率模式预报性能。(2)SMS-WARRV2.0系统能较好的模拟出2017年5月7日广州特大暴雨降水目标发生、发展和消亡的过程。(3)统计检验结果显示SMS-WARRV2.0系统能较好模拟出降水目标生成和消散个数变化趋势,配对降水目标体积比误差较小,预报目标个数偏多,预报目标生命周期偏长。     

The fractal geometry of the soil—covered landscape

The soil-covered landscape surface can be idealized from two viewpoints. The intuitive view is of a smooth, absolutely continuous surface with continuous contour lines and measurable in integral dimensions. The alternative view emphasizes the roughness, a surface of little regularity and at the limit of no contours, the appropriate measure being that of fractional Hausdorff dimension. Regularity is a local property and both idealizations need to stop far short of the limit to avoid awkward consequences. The dichotomy of viewpoint can be matched in the theory of Gaussian random fields. These, if they are smooth, are very smooth but if they are irregular they are highly irregular (erratic); there is no middle ground. This Belayev dichotomy is defined and both modes applied to the soil-covered landscape. On the one hand, if the landscape is subject to a general diffusive type degradation or more generally a Davisian downwasting regime then the curvature of the landscape surface is progressively straightened and the distribution of gradient (increments) along a typical traverse will eventually adopt a Gaussian form. Then from the irregular viewpoint the surface is ultimately well represented by a fractional Brownian surface of low Hausdorff dimension (2·0 < dim < 2·3). The Hausdorff dimension is directly related to the entropy of the landscape and as degradation proceeds both quantities decrease in value. On the other hand, if the surface is regarded as smooth and well represented by an absolutely continuous Gaussian field then the mean value of the number of upcrossings of a level or the extent of an excursion set will also be Gaussian. This analysis is restricted to one dimension; the number of times a profile curve crosses or the amount of time it spends above any given level. Predictions from both viewpoints are substantially corroborated in a map analysis of 15 sites on varied terrains in Southern England and the map analysis checked against one based upon digital tape data for one of the sites.     

Multifractal measures,especially for the geophysicist

This text is addressed to both the beginner and the seasoned professional, geology being used as the main but not the sole illustration. The goal is to present an alternative approach to multifractals, extending and streamlining the original approach inMandelbrot (1974). The generalization from fractalsets to multifractalmeasures involves the passage from geometric objects that are characterized primarily by one number, namely a fractal dimension, to geometric objects that are characterized primarily by a function. The best is to choose the function (), which is a limit probability distribution that has been plotted suitably, on double logarithmic scales. The quantity is called Hölder exponent. In terms of the alternative functionf() used in the approach of Frisch-Parisi and of Halseyet al., one has ()=f()–E for measures supported by the Euclidean space of dimensionE. Whenf()0,f() is a fractal dimension. However, one may havef()<0, in which case is called latent. One may even have <0, in which case is called virtual. These anomalies' implications are explored, and experiments are suggested. Of central concern in this paper is the study of low-dimensional cuts through high-dimensional multifractals. This introduces a quantityD _q, which is shown forq>1 to be a critical dimension for the cuts. An enhanced multifractal diagram is drawn, includingf(), a function called (q) andD _q.This text incorporatesand supersedes Mandelbrot (1988). A more detailed treatment, in preparation, will incorporateMandelbrot (1989).     

Complexity and scale in geomorphology: Statistical self-similarity vs. characteristic scales

Two models of the relationship between complexity and scale of geomorphic lines are compared, one based on statistical self-similarity (in which complexity is invariant for some range of scale), and the other on the concept of characteristic scales (in which complexity changes continuously with scale). Two corresponding techniques are used in the comparison, fractal analysis utilizing the divider method, and an angle measure technique. These techniques are applied to three types of coastlines: fiord, volcanic, and tectonic, in order to ascertain which model, statistical self-similarity or characteristic scales, is more useful in understanding variations in coastline complexity for scale. Apparently linear log-log plots of number of steps against steplength produced by fractal analysis display slight but significant curvature. Upon closer examination, it is determined that using fractal dimension to compare even the same types of features is unreliable because of the dependency of fractal dimension on scale of measurement, even if the same steplengths are used throughout the study. These results are corroborated by the use of the angle measure technique, a method based on measuring angles between points along a digitized line. It is concluded that the coastlines examined display no evidence of statistical self-similarity and that the characteristic scales model is more useful in investigating complexity and scale in geomorphology.     

频率测深二维地形影响的边界元素法正演模拟

本文用边界元素法模拟二维地形对频率测深的影响，给出了典型地形赤道偶极装置ＥＸ分量的纯地形影响视电阻率曲线，列举了用此值法进行地形改正的实例。     

从时（空）系列数据研究地球化学作用的非线性动力学

从时（空）系列数据研究地球化学作用的非线性动力学谭凯旋（中国科学院长沙大地构造研究所．长沙４１００１３）张哲儒，刘荣高（中国科学院地球化学研究所．贵阳５５０００２）关键词混沌吸引子，分维，时（空）系列数据，地球化学动力学近十多年来，人们已认识到地球化...     

嘎拉金矿及外围金品位的分维特征研究

研究了嘎拉金矿体和外围矿体及矿源层金含量的分维特征，指出不同矿床类型、矿体品位变化、不同矿源在分维值上的差异。对矿体进行了评价。认为玄武岩和凝灰岩是本区主要的矿源层，嘎拉Ⅰ、Ⅴ和色卡Ⅳ号矿体具有相同矿床类型和特征。     

Fractal dimension of faults network in the upper silesian coal basin (Poland): Preliminary studies

Fractal analysis of faults network, tremor foci spatial distribution as well as the Gutenberg-Richter relationship could further explain whether the biggest seismic events are connected with recent tectonic activity. Fractality of fault systems geometry, as a first step of the analysis, was tested fro a part of the USCB embodying the main structural units. The cluster analysis and the box counting methods were employed.The calculated fractal dimension of fault network was 1.98 for the whole area yet for considered structural units it was close to 1.6. The results point to similarity of studied fault pattern to river network. Faults within selected tectonic units make separate sets which have a distinct geometry and origin. The value of 1.6 is an upper limit to the fracture geometry of rocks that can be explained on the basis of Griffith energy balance concept.