秦岭造山带早古生代蛇绿岩的多阶段演化: 从岛弧到弧间盆地

秦岭商-丹缝合带是分隔北秦岭早古生代造山带和南秦岭晚古生代造山带的地质界线,其中的丹凤蛇绿岩被认为代表了秦岭地区早古生代的洋壳残片。迄今,前人已经提出多种模式来解释丹凤蛇绿岩成因和构造背景(如:岛弧、洋岛和成熟的大洋等)。然而,这些单一的构造演化模式却很难解释两个基本事实:(1)不同类型镁铁质岩(如N-MORB、E-MORB和IAT等)的穿时性分布;(2)几乎所有的早古生代镁铁质岩都显示出多种构造环境的叠加。对陕西太白鹦鸽嘴地区一条具有较完整层序的蛇绿岩剖面研究发现,剖面中存在HTI型(TiO2:1.21%～1.56%)和LTI(TiO2:0.09%～0.35%)两种类型的镁铁质岩(包括玄武岩和辉长岩),HTI型镁铁质岩具有LREE亏损,没有Nb、Ta负异常等的E-MORB特征;LTI具有LREE富集,Nb、Ta负异常的IAT特征。地球化学显示二者的源区均为北秦岭岩石圈地幔楔。本文获得鹦哥嘴蛇绿岩两个LTI型辉长岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为523.8±1.3Ma和474.3±1.4Ma。认为秦岭早古生代蛇绿岩应是SSZ环境下多阶段演化的结果:第一阶段:约524Ma,秦岭洋盆向北俯冲开始。俯冲板片的脱水作用使熔融温度降低,形成的流体交代地幔楔,在北秦岭南缘产生了一个不成熟的岛弧;第二阶段:先存岛弧裂开阶段,约524～474Ma。秦岭洋壳的持续俯冲,在先形成的岛弧上拉张出了弧间盆地,形成了主要由轻稀土亏损、高Ti拉斑玄武岩和辉长岩组成的E-MORB型岩石组合;第三阶段:弧前盆地闭合阶段,474Ma之后。在这个阶段新生的弧间盆地闭合,俯冲洋壳携带的深海沉积物与北秦岭岩石圈地幔楔相互作用形成了北秦岭李子园的玻安岩。秦岭早古生代蛇绿岩的多阶段成因是典型特提斯构造域演化特征在秦岭地区的重现。     

一个试样多级加荷三轴固结不排水剪试验研究

经过宁波、温州百余组软黏土一个试样多级加荷三轴固结不排水剪试验（简称多级剪）和常规多个试样试验（简称多样剪）的对比研究,表明对有剪切滑动面的软黏土两者差别较大;而对无剪切滑动面的软黏土在掌握一定试验经验和技巧下,可用多级剪代替。     

江汉盆地新沟油田新沟嘴组盐韵律多级划分及其地质意义

江汉盆地为中国东部典型的中、新生代盐湖盆地,近些年在新沟油田古近系新沟嘴组发现致密油藏,储集层主要为与盐韵律相关的白云岩和粉砂岩层。为了探究盐韵律的发育特征及其意义,作者以岩心精细观察为基础,结合测录井、分析化验资料,根据盐矿物种类、剖面结构和厚度,对新沟嘴组盐韵律发育规模进行了不同级别的划分,对各级韵律的剖面特征进行了描述,并对其形成机理进行了分析。在此基础上,从古气候及油气2个角度探讨了盐韵律的地质意义。盐韵律的形成是湖平面上升-下降不断变化的直接响应。新沟嘴组盐韵律中广泛发育广温相盐类矿物白云石、方解石,指示江汉盆地古近系新沟嘴期的气候特征为古温度介于寒冷和炎热之间的过渡型半干旱-干旱气候;一个完整的盐韵律可以形成一个生储盖组合,对油气生成、储集和保存具有重要意义。     

赣北大湖塘超大型钨矿多期似斑状花岗岩岩浆作用、成因及意义

赣北大湖塘钨矿位于江南造山带九岭多金属矿集区东部,是目前世界上最大的钨矿之一。该区燕山期花岗岩的岩性繁多,岩浆序列及源区特征等研究仍存在争议和不足。就似斑状花岗岩而言,前人已查明该区存在两期岩浆作用,分别是石门寺(北区)似斑状黑云母花岗岩(150. 0 Ma)和狮尾洞(南区)似斑状白云母花岗岩(144. 2 Ma)。本文识别出南区似斑状二云母花岗岩,并对其进行了精细的独居石和锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学及锆石Hf同位素研究。锆石和独居石给出的岩浆结晶年龄分别为130. 0～128. 6 Ma和128. 3 Ma,表明南区似斑状二云母花岗岩形成于早白垩世,代表了区域上第3期似斑状花岗岩岩浆作用的产物。岩石地球化学研究表明,3期似斑状花岗岩均为高钾钙碱性的S型花岗岩,南区两期似斑状花岗岩具有相似的地球化学特征。与北区相比,南区似斑状花岗岩过铝质程度(A/CNK=1. 16～1. 24)更高;南、北区岩石的稀土元素总量均较低,均具有明显的Eu负异常;北区岩石轻、重稀土元素分馏[(La/Yb)_N=11. 17～26. 67]较南区[(La/Yb)_N=7. 72～19. 0]更显著。南、北区岩石的ε_(Hf)(t)值分别为-7. 31～0. 58和-8. 6～-3. 1,指示似斑状花岗岩主要来源于古老下地壳的重熔,南区岩石有少量新生物质的参与。南区似斑状花岗岩较北区有更低的CaO/Na_2O值,指示南区似斑状花岗岩的源岩比北区更富泥质。综合研究表明,大湖塘南、北区似斑状花岗岩至少是3期岩浆作用的产物,是新元古代双桥山群地层中的富泥质、或泥质夹杂砂岩在后造山伸展构造环境下经部分熔融后分异演化而成。该研究丰富并完善了大湖塘区域似斑状花岗岩的岩浆序列和成因意义。     

Dynamic performance of cable-stayed bridge tower with multi-stage pendulum mass damper under wind excitations --Ⅰ： Theory

In this paper, wind-induced vibration control of a single column tower of a cable-stayed bridge with a multi- stage pendulum mass damper （MSPMD） is investigated. Special attention is given to overcoming space limitations for installing the control device in the tower and the effect of varying natural frequency of the towers during construction. First, the finite element model of the bridge during its construction and the basic equation of motion of the MSPMD are introduced. The equation of motion of the bridge with the MSPMD under along-wind excitation is then established. Finally, a numerical simulation and parametric study are conducted to assess the effectiveness of the control system for reducing the wind-induced vibration of the bridge towers during construction. The numerical simulation results show that the MSPMD is practical and effective for reducing the along-wind response of the single column tower, can be installed in a small area of the tower, and complies with the time-variant characteristics of the bridge during its entire construction stage.     

川中龙王庙组气藏多期充注特征及对寒武纪早期海相烃源岩发育的指示意义

为了研究古老超深层天然气藏的充注模式,探讨寒武纪早期海相烃源岩的质量、规模和寿命,笔者等选取高石梯—磨溪地区龙王庙组气藏作为研究对象,结合区域构造演化史和烃源岩生烃史,应用盐水包裹体均一温度与储集层埋藏史温度对比的方法,建立了充注模式,并追踪其烃源岩层位为下寒武统筇竹寺组;从寒武纪早期古气候、古环境和古生物等的角度,分析了该时期形成海相烃源岩的有机生产力和保存条件。研究显示,四川盆地超深层气藏的形成经历了古油藏、古裂解气藏和晚期干气的多期充注阶段,气藏充注来源于古油藏裂解气和超晚期源岩释放的天然气。这一事实指示了,早寒武纪的全球背景为高质量、大规模和长寿命的优质烃源岩发育提供了基础,对于四川盆地超级气盆地的形成提供了理论依据。     

Trace Elements of Multi-stage Minerals and Titanite U-Pb Dating for the Gneisses from Liansan Island, Sulu UHPM Belt

Gneisses with anatectic characteristics from the Liansan island in the Sulu UHPM (ultra-high pressure metamorphic) belt were studied for petrography, titanite U-Pb dating and mineral geochemistry. Three origins of garnets are distinguished: metamorphic garnet, peritectic garnet and anatectic garnet, which are formed in the stages of peak metamorphism, retrograde anatexis and melt crystallization, respectively. The euhedral titanite has a high content of REE and high Th/U ratios, which is interpreted as indicating that it was newly-formed from an anatectic melt. The LA-ICP-MS titanite U-Pb dating yields 214–217 Ma ages for the titanite (melt) crystallization. The distribution of trace elements varies in response to the different host minerals at different stages. At the peak metamorphic stage, Y and HREE are mainly hosted by garnet, Ba and Rb by phengite, Sr, Nb, Ta, Pb, Th, U and LREE by allanite and Y, U and HREE by zircon. During partial melting, Y, Pb, Th, U and REE are released into the melt, which causes a dramatic decline of these element contents in the retrograde minerals. Finally, titanite absorbs most of the Nb, U, LREE and HREE from the melt. Therefore, the different stages of metamorphism have different mineral assemblages, which host different trace elements.     

Compositional heterogeneity of crude oil and its origin in the Linnan subsag, Linyi County, Shandong Province

The Linnan subsag is the main oil producer of the Linpan oil zone. Based on the oil group composition, gas chromatography data and biomarker analysis, it was indicated that crude oils from different oilfields varied greatly in group composition and showed obvious heterogeneities in the aspects of precursor type, crude oil maturity and hydrocarbon depositional environment. According to the characteristics of source rocks, three oil populations can be distinguished, i.e., the southern, northern and transitional oil populations. Furthermore, on the basis of post-reservoir reworking processes, the medium conditions of hydrocarbon-generating environment and differences in maturity, six oil families and twelve sub-families were distinquished. An integrated study suggested that the factors leading to such heterogeneities in crude oil composition mainly include different source rocks, multi-stage oil/gas charging, geo-chromatographic effects during oil/gas migration, reservoir heterogeneities and various post-reservoir secondary alterations.     

涪陵页岩气田高曲率区水平井压裂特征及调整对策

涪陵页岩气田焦石坝区块西南部地区受多期地质构造运动叠加,构造变形强、断裂复杂。地震曲率属性显示主力气层段曲率体分布密集,虽然曲率仅表示地层弯曲变形程度,但对于页岩储层高曲率往往预示着该区域微裂隙、天然裂缝更加发育,这有利于页岩储层形成复杂裂缝网络。然而,如果天然微裂隙过早过多开启,造成压裂液大量滤失,在压裂改造过程中表现出裂缝扩展受限、砂比提升困难,与主体区相比压裂施工曲线表现出较大差异,施工难度大大增加。本文从曲率平面分布特征、曲率密度、方向性、延伸长度入手,定量化描述了曲率与压裂试气效果之间的关系;考虑区域构造、断层等因素影响,分析了几种不同高曲率带的压裂施工特征,并提出了相应的压裂工艺调整对策,为后期提高压裂改造效果、高效开发气田提供了经验参考。     

东非凯瑞巴斯盆地多期构造变形及对油气聚集的控制作用

利用最新的钻井、地震资料,对东非凯瑞巴斯盆地(Kerimbas Basin)进行构造–地层解释和构造演化过程恢复。结果显示,凯瑞巴斯盆地共发育了4期构造变形:(1)二叠纪–早侏罗世晚期的冈瓦纳陆内裂谷活动,全区发生伸展构造变形;(2)早侏罗世晚期–早白垩世晚期马达加斯加向南漂移,全区发生右行走滑变形;(3)新发现晚白垩世局部伸展构造变形;(4)中新世–第四纪的东非裂谷海域分支活动,导致研究区发生第三期伸展构造变形,形成凯瑞巴斯盆地现今地堑形态。三期伸展构造变形的应力方向均为近E-W向,断层展布方向均为近S-N向。每一期构造变形的范围,强度及对沉积地层的控制作用差异显著。凯瑞巴斯盆地控坳断层活动具有继承性。基于研究结果,建立凯瑞巴斯盆地构造成因模式。冈瓦纳陆内裂谷活动有利于二叠系–下侏罗统构造圈闭的形成,并沟通了烃源岩和储层,有利深层油气的聚集;东非裂谷海域分支裂谷活动沟通了前新生界烃源岩和西部陆坡古近系储层,但同时也破坏了盆地内及东部的圈闭。断层不发育的西部陆坡为主要油气聚集区。