Multi-fractal Behaviors of Relative Humidity over China

The multi-fractal behaviors of relative humidity over China are studied using the multi-fractal detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) method. Three multi-fractal parameters (the spectrum width Δα, the asymmetry Δα as , and the long-range correlation exponent α 0 ) of the singularity spectrum are introduced to quantify the multi-fractal behaviors. The results show that multi-fractality exists in daily humidity records over most stations in China and is mainly due to the broad distribution of the probability density of the sequence values. Strong multifractal behaviors over some stations in the Yunnan, Guangdong, and Inner Mongolia provinces are obvious. These behaviors are mainly caused by different longrange correlations between large and small fluctuations. The asymmetry of the singularity of relative humidity records is weak, except for a small number of stations in the far east and west of China, where the singularity spectrum is left-skewed. Finally, the long-range correlations in North China are stronger than those in South China, which indicates better predictability in North China. By studying the parameters of the multi-fractal spectrum, various data of long-range power law correlations of the relative humidity records are obtained, which may provide theoretical support for climate prediction.     

The geochemical multi-fractal characteristics and mineralization of the Dehelongwa copper-gold deposit

The spatial distribution of ore-forming elements is the result of interaction and influence among multiple factors in the process of mineralization, and is the specific embodiment of non-linearity and coupling of mineralization. The fractal theory has such functions as to characterize non-lineariry and coupling, and can find out the deterministic law from the complicated coupling process. The primary geochemical fractal distribution of metallogenic elements such as Cu and Au possesses the characteristics of multi-fractal distribution in the Dehelongwa copper-gold deposit. Copper follows 2-d fractal distribution, and Au follows 3- or 4-d fractal distribution. The primary geo- chemical fractal distribution has a certain similarity on the same prospecting line, and this similarity is not obvious among different prospecting lines. The secondary geochemical fractal distribution of Cu and Au is higher in similar- ity, and simpler than the primary geochemical fractal distribution. These results show that the mineralization of Cu and Au is out of sync and also is inconsistent in this deposit, and the mineralization of Cu mainly experienced two mineralization stages, while the mineralization of Au experienced three to four mineralization stages. Besides the mineralization of Cu and Au shows a certain direction and along the strike of vertical orebodies it is relatively bal- anced. While along the strike of the ore bodies the mineralization of Cu and Au shows a significant difference. The hypergenic geologic process has a certain effect on the balance of spatial distribution of Cu and Au. From these it can be seen that the mineralization process of this deposit is well characterized by the geochemical fractal distribu- tion of Cu and Au.     

应用多重分形滤波技术提取致矿地球化学异常:以西南"三江"南段Cu、Zn致矿异常提取为例

西南“三江”南段位于印度板块与扬子板块的结合带,是特提斯-喜马拉雅成矿域的重要组成部分.在多旋回的构造岩浆活动过程中,形成了复杂的成矿地质地球化学背景和丰富的有色金属和贵金属矿产.正是这种复杂的地质地球化学背景,使得应用地质统计学方法提取致矿地球化学异常遇到了挑战.为此,多重分形滤波技术被引进,试图从复杂的多重地球化学背景中有效地分离与成矿有关的Cu、Zn异常.研究表明:(1)由于研究区存在多重地球化学背景,克里格方法揭示的Cu、Zn剩余异常通常是受区域线形构造控制的区域异常,多重分形滤波技术则揭示了与矿化有关的Cu、Zn局部致矿异常;(2)Cu致矿异常的提取表明,多重分形滤波技术能够克服某些岩性(譬如玄武岩)引起的Cu高背景的影响,并从多重地球化学背景中有效提取致矿异常,包括低背景中的弱异常和隐蔽异常;(3)运用多重分形滤波技术清晰揭示了一系列Zn原始数据图上没有显示的、规模不等的NNE向Zn矿化异常带,其中那条穿越整个研究区的Zn矿化异常带含有金顶巨型Pb-Zn矿床和一系列矿床、矿点、矿化点.整个研究工作是基于MORPAS3.0软件系统实现的.     

拉脊山东段地区Au、Cu地球化学组合异常识别与提取

为削弱拉脊山东段地区化探数据(典型的成分数据)存在的闭合效应,进一步分析该区地球化学元素空间组合分布规律,使用等距对数比变换(ilr)"打开"水系沉积物地球化学数据;采用稳健主成分分析(RPCA)构建组合模型,用于识别组合地球化学异常;通过S-A分形滤波技术强化弱异常并分离异常与背景,圈定地球化学致矿异常,进一步指导矿产勘查.研究结果表明:得到两组与矿化相关的元素组合,第一组为Au-As,与研究区的构造蚀变岩型金(砷)矿(金源东沟等)相关;第二组为Cu-Ni,与区域内铜镍硫化物矿床(拉水峡等)相关.S-A滤波技术可以进一步分解组合异常,强化弱小异常,同时能够缩小强背景下的异常面积,结合研究区地质概况和分解后的异常图可以进一步指导该地区构造蚀变岩型Au(As)矿和铜镍硫化物矿床的找矿勘查工作.     

The minimal spanning tree method for calculating seismic multi-fractal

IntroductionEarthquake occurrence is resulted from the movement of the Earth's crust and the fr~re ofrock. It is a phenomenon of instability and self-organized criticality. It is possible that the phenomenon only occurs in non-linear syStem. As a pat of non-linear science, the fractal thatfounded by Mandelbrot in 1977 pioneered a new way tO solve inhomogeneous and complex phenomenon and offered a new tool. Some natural or social phenomena seem difficult to deal withbecause they are disordere…     

基于因子分析的异常信息提取与评价——以南阳盆地及造山带为例

本文在对南阳盆地及造山带地球化学数据因子分析的基础上,对研究区与铁矿化相关的元素组合进行异常信息的提取与评价.结果表明:1)因子分析获得的F2因子(Co-Mn-Ti-V-Fe)能够很好地反映出与铁矿化相关的异常信息,可以作为寻找铁矿矿化的标志之一;2)从奇异性指数图可以看出,已经发现的铁(磁铁)矿床基本上位于奇异性指数...     

北京地区温度场分布与地面空间结构关系的分形描述

提出构建北京市温度分布与空间结构的之间定量关系的思想。首先以2002-05-22 ETM 作为数据源,利用分形理论初步构建北京市温度分布与盒维数,最大、最小非均匀标度指数αm ax,αm in,(αm ax-αm in)以及信息维D(1)之间的关系;然后利用北京市1997-05-16和杭州1998-08-11的TM遥感数据对所建立的关系进行了验证。研究表明,温度分布与盒维数、αm in和D(1)之间存在较好的正相关关系,而与(αm ax-αm in)之间的关系在不同时间和城市存在较大的差异。温度分布与盒维数、αm in以及D(1)之间的定量关系,为定量解释城市空间结构与温度分布之间奠定了一个新基础。城市空间结构极为复杂,利用分形理论研究城市环境要素、现象与城市空间特征之间的关系时,对于分形参数的物理、现实意义一定要根据具体的研究时间、地点和目的给出谨慎的解释。     

A continuous simulation model for design-hydrograph estimation in small and ungauged watersheds

Abstract

A detailed investigation of the behaviour of various hydraulic parameters, using data from rivers in Greece, was conducted in order to explore the universality of features that many natural streams are believed to have in common. Analysis of vertical profiles of temporal mean of horizontal velocities (u) in the longitudinal (river flow) direction and of transverse profiles of depth-mean longitudinal velocities (U) estimated from these vertical profiles, measured at 232 cross-sections of several rivers in Greece, provided valuable information: on the distribution of local roughness coefficients (n_i ) along the wetted perimeter of the cross-sections examined; on the shape of u profiles; on the ratio of maximum to mean cross-sectional velocity, V_max/V_m , and its relation to a dimensionless entropy parameter, M; on the shape of U profiles; and on the normalized intensity, r, of the spatial departure of u velocities from V_m . The similarities among the quantities (u, U, n, V_max/V_m , M, r) analysed in this study and in pertinent literature reveal that the rivers examined exhibit many of the basic features, of rather universal character, shown by other rivers (all over the world) having different geometric and/or other characteristics (aspect ratios, bottom roughness, flow kinematics, etc.). Corresponding differences are also described and explained.     

克里金算法与多重分形理论在岩土参数随机场分析中的应用

岩土参数的空间分布特征由于存在取样数据之间自相关和互相关的特性,未知点的岩土参数属性可通过特定的方法内插或外推,经典的数理统计方法难以确定周围的数据样本点以及相应的插值系数。首先介绍地统计学中基于距离加权的普通克里金（ordinary kriging, OK）算法、泛克里金算法（UK）和协克里金算法（CK）。由于基于滑动距离加权的OK算法无法度量局部空间的奇异性,将引入多重分形理论弥补该缺陷。以2010上海世博会的世博轴区域（长525 m,宽80 m）为工程背景,区域内共有42个取土钻孔,以典型的粉质黏土层3个重要的物理力学指标,即黏聚力、内摩擦角和压缩模量验证以上算法。对于岩土参数黏聚力和内摩擦角,预测精度由高至低为多重分形联合模型（MK）、协克里金模型（CK）、泛克里金模型（UK）、普通克里金模型（OK）;对于岩土参数压缩模量,相应的顺序为泛克里金模型和普通克里金模型位置互换。研究结果证明,在岩土参数空间场的分析中,辅助信息有助于提高数据预测精度,并且多重分形联合模型有助于分析空间局部的奇异性。