洛宁上宫金矿ZK322000深孔复杂地层护壁技术探讨

洛宁上宫金矿地层复杂,存在多层断裂构造破碎带,地层主要为硅化蚀变碎裂安山岩、碎裂片麻岩类与构造角砾岩,钻进过程中易出现孔壁坍塌、缩径等现象。ZK322000深孔钻探过程中既遇到了覆盖层采空区碎矿渣地层,也遇到了断层带水敏地层与坍塌破碎地层等复杂地层,针对该孔地层特点,通过采空区长套管护壁与水敏地层的抑制性泥浆体系护壁及坍塌地层的高密度泥浆体系护壁,成功解决了孔壁失稳问题,从而保证了钻孔质量。     

Modern observations of floccule ripples: Petitcodiac River estuary,New Brunswick,Canada

Mud floccule ripples, small mud rip‐up clasts, erosional scars and tool marks are reported for the first time from the macrotidal Petitcodiac River estuary, New Brunswick, Canada. The ripples occur on the intertidal flats and are ebb‐oriented. Observations have been conducted during the spring low tide at high‐river and low‐river discharge. Floccule ripples forming during the high‐river flow are characterized by increased silt fraction, low relief and sinuous to lunate form. The ripples forming during the low flow are clay‐dominated, have very low relief and are characterized by narrow straight ridges and patchy distribution. The preserved mud floccule ripples manifest in interbedded silt‐rich and clay‐rich deposits with parallel, wavy, lenticular and current‐ripple lamination. Presented floccule ripples are current‐generated, non‐episodic in nature and are sedimentologically characterized. The ripple origin is constrained by morphometric and grain‐size analyses, and observed hydraulic processes. It is confirmed that mud floccule ripples originate under a similar range of hydraulic parameters as documented in previous flume studies. This study confirms application of work conducted in recent decades on mud‐dominated marginal‐marine environments and helps with understanding of properties and distribution of fine‐grained sediments in tidally influenced settings.     

霄雲煤矿井下突水定向井钻孔堵水施工技术及注浆方法

根据霄雲煤矿1313工作面突水情况,以及该突水点周围地层和构造,针对该突水点采用定向钻孔施工技术进行堵水施工,同时施工4个定向钻孔,其中施工2个突水通道注浆孔XY1、XY2封堵通道,定向封堵通道孔找准涌水通道是钻孔施工的关键;2个盖帽钻孔XY3、XY4,定向盖帽孔对准突水点封堵并提高注浆水头压力是钻孔施工的关键;钻孔钻穿突水点附近上方的采空区顶板,通过向突水点附近的采空区注入石子、沙子、水泥等封堵出水点,起到封盖出水点的作用。采用下行方式注浆,逢漏（漏失量大于10m3/h）注浆封堵。根据钻探揭示的实际地质及水文地质条件,对钻孔的裸孔段,采取下行、大小间歇、复扫、复注的方式,达到注浆终止条件为止,凝固24h后,继续钻进,遇漏重复注浆,直至设计终孔深度为止。     

Spatiotemporal distribution of sea-island prehistoric dune sites,Holocene sea levels,and aeolian sand activities in Fujian Province,China

The lower reaches of the Minjiang River and its adjacent areas were among the most active prehistoric archaeological areas in Fujian Province. The accumulation types of Neolithic archaeological strata are roughly divided into dune sites and dune/shell mound sites. The sites can also be roughly divided into estuarine, coastal, and sea-island sites based on their geomorphic features. The cultural development of these prehistoric sites is of great significance for understanding the migration and spread of Austronesian civilization. Based on luminescence dating of typical Neolithic sites on Haitan Island, their quartz-OSL (optically stimulated luminecesence) burial ages were determined. Synthesizing previously published results, the temporospatial distribution characteristics of the sea-island sites on Haitan Island are discussed, and the relationship between Neolithic human activities and regional geomorphic processes is analyzed. The results show that: (1) the spatial and temporal distribution of the Haitan Island Neolithic sites are closely related to small-scale geomorphic features and are controlled by mesoscale geomorphic processes. The sites were mainly distributed in the foothills of two high hills along an NNE-SSW trend. With an increase in altitude, the features were distributed as “single site (I) - superimposed site - single site (II)” and appear successively. Single type sites (I) mainly appeared at low sea level, whereas single type sites (II) mainly appeared at high sea level. Superimposed sites were not subject to sea level changes. The relative elevation of the superimposed sites in the study area indicates the optimal residential area for human activities in the region. The single site with an elevation lower than the optimal residential area was mainly restricted by the lowest residential area, whereas the single site at a higher elevation than the optimal residential area was mainly affected by livelihood patterns. (2) High sea level caused by the “backwater effect” in low latitude areas in the southern hemisphere, and coastal aeolian sand activity influenced by sea level fluctuations in the middle Holocene correspond well with human activities recorded in the cultural stratigraphy of sea-island type sites. The altitude of coastal aeolian sand accumulation can be used as an indirect index to estimate the age of coastal dunes.     

过去100年来闽浙泥质区浮游植物生产力和群落结构在上升流和人类活动影响下的变化

Phytoplankton productivity and community structure in marginal seas have been altered significantly during the past three decades, but it is still a challenge to distinguish the forcing mechanisms between climate change and anthropogenic activities. High time-resolution biomarker records of two 210Pb-dated sediment cores(#34: 28.5°N, 122.272°E; CJ12-1269: 28.861 9°N, 122.515 3°E) from the Min-Zhe coastal mud area were compared to reveal changes of phytoplankton productivity and community structure over the past 100 years. Phytoplankton productivity started to increase gradually from the 1970 s and increased rapidly after the late 1990 s at Site #34; and it started to increase gradually from the middle 1960 s and increased rapidly after the late 1980 s at Site CJ12-1269. Productivity of Core CJ12-1269 was higher than that of Core #34. Phytoplankton community structure variations displayed opposite patterns in the two cores. The decreasing D/B(dinosterol/brassicasterol) ratio of Core #34 since the 1960 s revealed increased diatom contribution to total productivity. In contrast, the increasing D/B ratio of Core CJ12-1269 since the 1950 s indicated increased dinoflagellate contribution to total productivity. Both the productivity increase and the increased dinoflagellate contribution in Core CJ12-1269 since the 1950–1960s were mainly caused by anthropogenic activities, as the location was closer to the Changjiang River Estuary with higher nutrient concentration and decreasing Si/N ratios. However, increased diatom contribution in Core #34 is proposed to be caused by increased coastal upwelling, with higher nutrient concentration and higher Si/N ratios.     

苏北盆地阜二段陆相页岩油气勘探潜力分析

苏北盆地古近系为陆相泥页岩沉积,纵向上主要发育阜二段、阜四段两套富有机质泥页岩,其中阜二段泥页岩厚度大,有机质丰度高、类型以Ⅰ-Ⅱ1型为主,主要处于成熟演化阶段;各类微乳隙、微裂缝发育,形成的网状储集体系为油气的赋存与流动提供了空间,具备形成页岩油气的物质基础和储集条件;无机矿物中脆性矿物含量较高,黏土矿物含量较低,利于页岩油的开采;多口井见到油气显示,部分井试获工业油流,展示苏北盆地页岩油具有较大的勘探潜力.     

不规则波作用下明基床上开孔沉箱垂直力分析

通过水槽物理模型试验,对不规则波作用下明基床上开孔沉箱所受到的波浪力进行了较为系统的试验研究,分析讨论了开孔沉箱总水平力峰(谷)值时刻对应的总垂直力与基床相对高度、开孔率、波陡、相对水深、消浪室相对宽度等影响因素之间的关系,并与暗基床的研究成果做了对比讨论,给出了明基床上开孔沉箱总垂直力比值(总水平力极值时刻对应的总垂直力/总垂直力极值)与各影响因素之间的计算关系式,研究结果可为工程应用提供参考。     

波浪作用下斜坡上护面块体内部应力分布数值模拟

基于3D FEMDEM方法建立三维原型尺度数值模型,模拟波浪荷载作用下斜坡上护面块体内部的应力分布。波浪作用下结构物的水动力荷载采用微幅波理论模拟,护面块体之间的运动、碰撞接触以及块体内部的应力变化采用3D FEMDEM方法模拟。块体之间的接触力采用基于势函数的罚函数法计算,有限元的变形采用中心差分的显式方法求解。应用该数值模型与ANSYS软件程序对自重作用下混凝土扭王字块的内部应力分布特性进行了比较分析,验证了数值模型应力计算的可行性和计算精度。通过数值模拟计算给出了波浪作用下斜坡上护面块体之间的相对运动和块体内部的应力分布及应力历时曲线,探讨了块体内部应力变化特性。     

黑碳在渤海泥质区的百年沉积记录

在渤海泥质沉积区采集柱状沉积物样品,分析其黑碳含量和沉积通量,结合210Pb年龄测定,探讨百年尺度黑碳沉积通量的时间序列变化对区域人类活动的响应。结果表明:(1)研究区黑碳含量和沉积通量分别为0.24~0.49mg/g[平均为(0.32±0.07)mg/g]和0.026~0.053mg/(cm2·a)[平均为(0.040±0.008)mg/(cm2·a)],黑碳含量与我国东海内陆架等海区相当,但远低于美国港湾和瑞典大陆架等污染较严重地区;(2)黑碳通量在20世纪50年代-70年代中期和90年代初-90年代末出现两个明显的峰值,分别对应于两个阶段的生物质燃烧量和煤炭、石油等化石燃料燃烧量的急剧增加;而20世纪70年代末-80年代末较低的黑碳通量以及21世纪初黑碳通量下降的趋势则分别与黄河改道事件、我国能源利用技术提高及污染控制减排措施逐步实施等有关;(3)通过比较本文结果以及国内外其它海域和湖泊的研究资料,证明黑碳沉积记录可以作为一个良好的地球化学指标,用于评估人类活动对生态环境的影响历史。     

澳门美高梅金殿扩底灌注桩施工泥浆技术

在澳门美高梅金殿大直径扩底灌注桩工程中,为了减少钢护筒的人埋深度,确保其顺利回收,设计和实施了一套有效的泥浆技术,包括：用优质膨润土造浆,用具有降粘稀释和抑制地层水化分散的腐殖酸钾（KHm）处理剂,配制高抑制性低固相泥浆;应用气举反循环系统清洁钻孔,地表大循环系统调度泥浆、调整泥浆性能;强化重力沉淀和旋流除砂方法清除钻屑;把钻屑和废弃泥浆用低标号水泥硬化处理后外运,避免污染环境等。并通过泥浆损耗量的计算分析,提出了降低损耗和成本的措施。