不同高度潜堤减淤效果水槽实验研究

潜堤高程是淤泥质海岸潜堤设计的关键要素之一。为了确定潜堤高程,首先根据已建潜堤工程的经验分析得出潜堤减淤的主要机理,即主要是阻挡了浮泥或底部高含沙水体直接进入航道和缩短了含沙水体进入航道的时间,进而在长水槽中开展了一系列比对实验,主要研究不同堤顶高程时的水流紊动、堤前浮泥起动、浮泥层厚度变化、堤后航道泥沙落淤情况等,并以此作为比选堤顶高度的基本依据。实验结果表明当相对高度即潜堤高度与堤前水深之比为0.2～0.5时,便有较好的减淤效果。     

The study on the bottom friction and the breaking coefficient for typhoon waves in radial sand ridges—the Lanshayang Channel as an example

Owing to the interactions among the complex terrain, bottom materials, and the complicate hydrodynamics, typhoon waves show special characteristics as big waves appeared at the high water level(HWL) and small waves emerged at low and middle water levels(LWL and MWL) in radial sand ridges(RSR). It is assumed that the mud damping, sandy bed friction and wave breaking effects have a great influence on the typhoon wave propagation in this area. Under the low wave energy, a mud layer will form and transport into the shallow area, thus the mud damping effects dominate at the LWL and the MWL. And high Collins coefficient(c around 1) can be applied to computing the damping effects at the LWL and the MWL. But under the high wave energy, the bottom sediment will be stirred and suspended, and then the damping effects disappear at the HWL. Thus the varying Collins coefficient with the water level method(VCWL) is implemented into the SWAN to model the typhoon wave process in the Lanshayang Channel(LSYC) of the RSR, the observed wave data under "Winnie"("9711") typhoon was used as validation. The results show that the typhoon wave in the RSR area is able to be simulated by the VCWL method concisely, and a constant wave breaking coefficient(γ) equaling 0.78 is better for the RSR where wide tidal flats and gentle bed slopes exist.     

东沙海区泥火山调查进展

泥火山是地球运动和深部含流体物质向表层迁移的一种重要形式, 其喷溢及喷出物对认识地质动力、地层岩性和资源环境具有重要的意义。东沙海区新生界薄(~1km), 中生界厚(>5km), 是南海最典型的中生代沉积区和油气勘探待突破区。区内有众多的海山海丘, 过去都被推测为不利于油气成藏的岩浆火山。但近年来针对这些海山进行的调查发现了大量海底地层底辟形变与断裂、流体充注空白反射带和喷溢释放结构。通过浅表层取样采获了丰富的自生碳酸盐岩结核及深水珊瑚、海绵等生物, 表明众多海山、海丘具有明显的泥火山活动特征。东沙泥火山的发现表明区内具有良好的油气生成和运移条件, 为勘探源于中生界的油气和水合物提供了重要线索; 而大量深水珊瑚和海绵的出现指示东沙泥火山区可能是深水珊瑚礁、海绵礁发育区, 为研究油气泄漏、化养生物和环境三者的关系提供了重要的研究对象。     

The structural evolution of the Messinian evaporites in the Levantine Basin

The Levantine Basin in the South-eastern Mediterranean Sea is a world class site for studying the initial stages of salt tectonics driven by differential sediment load, because the Messinian evaporites are comparatively young, the sediment load varies along the basin margin, they are hardly tectonically overprinted, and the geometry of the basin and the overburden is well-defined. In this study we analyse depositional phases of the evaporites and their structural evolution by means of high-resolution multi-channel seismic data. The basinal evaporites have a maximum thickness of about 2 km, precipitated during the Messinian Salinity Crisis, 5.3–5.9 Ma ago. The evaporite body is characterized by 5 transparent layers sequenced by four internal reflections. We suggest that each of the internal reflection bands indicate a change of evaporite facies, possibly interbedded clastic sediments, which were deposited during temporal sea level rises. All of these internal reflections are differently folded and distorted, proving that the deformation was syn-depositional. Thrust angles up to 14° are observed. Backstripping of the Pliocene–Quaternary reveals that salt tectonic is mainly driven by the sediment load of the Nile Cone. The direction of lateral salt displacement is mainly SSW–NNE and parallel to the bathymetric trend. Apparent rollback anticlines off Israel result rather from differential subsidence than from lateral salt displacement. In the south-eastern basin margin the deposition of the Isreali Slump Complex (ISC) is coeval with the onset of salt tectonic faulting, suggesting a causal link between slumping processes and salt tectonics.

The superposition of ‘thin-skinned’ tectonics and ‘thick-skinned’ tectonics becomes apparent in several locations: The fold belt off the Israeli Mediterranean slope mainly results from active strike-slip tectonics, which becomes evident in faults which reach from the seafloor well below the base of the evaporites. Owing to the wrenching of the crustal segments which are bounded by deep-rooted fault lines like the Damietta–Latakia, Pelusium and Shelf Edge Hinge line the setting is transpressional south of 32°N, where the fault lines bend further towards the west. This adds a component of ‘thick-skinned’ transpression to the generally ‘thin-skinned’ compressional regime in the basin. Above 1.5 km of evaporites, a mud volcano is observed with the mud source seemingly within the evaporite layer. At the eastern Cyprus Arc, the convergence zone of the African and the Anatolian plates, deep-rooted compression heavily deformed the base of the evaporites, whereas at the Eratosthenes Seamount mainly superficial compression affecting the Post-Messinian sediments and the top of the evaporites is observed.     

关于CCSD主孔4820～4930 m井段气体异常的初步解释

CCSD主孔取心钻进的第153至166回次(对应井深为4820～4930m)施工中,流体地球化学现场实验室监测到非常显著的气体异常。按气体浓度的变化,又可分为两个不同的异常区段,分别位于4820～4860m和4869～4930m井段。两个区段均表现为显著的CO2和H2异常,第一区段的最大值分别为3.6%和12.1%,第二区段的最大值分别为24.8%和18.7%。第二区段除了CO2和H2异常值更高以外,在其后期(井深4906m)还出现了一处比较短暂的He气异常,最高值达到17×10-6,比基础值高出200%。通过对钻井过程的分析及泥浆的离线实验研究认为:微生物对泥浆的分解作用是本次异常的重要原因之一,堵漏剂助长了气体异常的升高和延续;由泥浆分解产生的CO2和H2与来自地下的流体并存是本次异常的显著特点。     

浙闽沿岸南部泥质沉积中心表层沉积物粒度特征及其季节性差异

通过对浙闽沿岸南部泥质沉积中心15个站位夏季和冬季表层沉积物的粒度分析和对比,探讨了表层沉积物粒度的分布特征、季节性差异及其影响因素。研究结果表明,各站样品以黏土质粉砂为主,各粒度参数差别较小,平均粒径和标准偏差呈显著的负相关,偏态和尖态呈弱负相关。粒级—标准偏差曲线上,在4.92～6.46和25.32～33.27 μm之间存在高峰值,在11.16～13.39 μm之间为低谷值。粒度分布具有季节性差异,冬季样品各粒度参数分布范围均高于夏季,平均粒径（值）总体上比夏季的要小,偏态和尖态等值线的梯度明显大于夏季的。在粒级—标准偏差曲线上,冬季样品的变化程度要显著高于夏季的。粒度分布的差异主要受物质来源和海洋动力环境的季节性变化影响。     

自升式钻井平台中高压管道应力分析

高压泥浆系统是自升式钻井平台中的重要系统,对维持生产作业、保证平台的安全具有极为重要的意义。作为一个高性能,高应力系统,对高压泥浆系统进行应力分析以便对管线系统的布置、支吊架位置和结构进行评估是很有必要的。鉴于此,从分析理论、参考标准、分析工具和校核工况组合等多个方面进行探讨,计算该高压泥浆系统的一次应力和二次应力,法兰的强度以及模态分析,得到合理的管路布置,探索出自升式钻井平台中高压泥浆系统应力分析的可行方法。     

KP泥浆在八面石矿区的实际应用与改进

八面石矿区的地层比较复杂,在钻孔施工中,易发生坍塌、掉块、缩径等现象,我们通过对KP泥浆的不断改进,在保证钻孔质量的前提下,有效地控制了孔内事故,提高钻进效率、降低钻进成本。     

石油开发污染物毒性监测的实验生物筛选Ⅰ:钻井泥浆对水生动物的毒性比较

用静水式试验方法评价和比较了两种钻井泥浆的水可溶部份对斑节对虾仔虾、罗氏沼虾仔虾、虾虎鱼和剑尾鱼等4种水生动物的急性毒性。结果表明：泥浆水溶性成分对班节对虾仔虾、罗氏沼虾仔虾、虾虎鱼和剑尾鱼的半数致死浓度均明显大于10000mg／L（1％）,但斑节对虾仔虾对泥浆水可溶性成份的敏感性高于其余3种动物,适于钻井泥浆毒性试验。可以认为在试验条件下两种泥浆是无急性毒性的物质,但由于泥浆组成的复杂性,综合评价泥浆对水环境的影响时,需探讨其对底栖生物的影响。