兰坪金顶铅锌矿床泥底辟流体成矿特征初探

兰坪金顶铅锌矿床的成矿过程与油气的生成有许多相似之处,泥底辟构造在金顶铅锌矿床的成矿过程中起着极为重要的作用。首先,随着泥底辟的上侵,塑性泥流夹带大量气体到构造圈闭中释放压力,扩大成矿空间;其次,流体的去气作用在构造圈闭中进行一系列的强改造活动,进而促使铅锌矿体的形成。文章通过对金顶铅锌矿床形成有关的泥底辟流体的来源、流体形成原因、流体在张性-挤压走滑盆地阶段的演化及金顶铅锌矿床成矿的泥底辟流体特征的分析,认为兰坪金顶铅锌矿床的形成与泥底辟构造密切相关,该矿床具泥底辟流体的成矿特征。     

漓江水系汞的分布和污染研究

对漓江水系干流、支流、连体湖泊、较大的孤立湖塘和近岸水井设置40个采样点。水样采样周期为2个水文年,分枯水季和丰水季两次采样,现场测定水温、电导率、pH值等理化参数。系统采集水样112件、底泥样40件、水草样40件、近岸土壤样40件。底泥样用逐步浸提法进行不同形态汞分析。研究结果显示,干流河水、底泥和水草中汞的平均含量分别为0．12μg／L、0．20μg／g和0．032μg／g;主要支流河水、底泥和水草中汞的平均含量高于干流,分别为0．15—0．23μg／L、0．38～1．7μg／g和0．028—0．044μg／g。底泥中汞含量均高于近岸土壤汞含量。无论是干流还是支流,河水汞含量与底泥、水草汞含量有明显的相关关系。由上游至下游,漓江水系干流、主要支流河水样汞含量均不断增高,可高出源头河水汞含量的1．5—5倍。相应地指示重金属离子污染的参考指标——电导率值不断增高,河水的pH值亦逐渐增高。丰水期（5月至6月）河水中的汞含量（0．12—0．28μg／L）明显高于枯水期（9月至11月）河水中的汞含量（0．091—0．28μg／L）。不同断面河水汞含量均高于相应近岸井水汞含量。不同水体底泥中汞的形态分布一般顺序为：残渣态〉难氧化降解有机质结合态〉腐殖酸结合态〉碳酸盐和铁锰氧化物吸附态〉交换态〉易氧化降解有机质结合态〉水溶态。综合各项资料分析,认为漓江干流是桂林城市汞污染最大的汇。根据地表水环境质量标准（GB3838--2002）,仅汞而言,漓江水系均达到Ⅳ类水质标准（河水中汞含量≤1μg／L）。漓江支流汞污染高于干流,对干流存在较大的污染风险。     

地下连续墙技术在深基坑围护中的应用

结合某高层建筑深基坑围护的工程实例,介绍了地下连续墙施工技术在深基坑围护工程中的具体应用,阐述了地下连续墙施工的工艺流程和技术要点,提出了施工的注意事项和特殊问题的预防处理方法。     

明基床上开孔沉箱垂直力峰值对应的水平力分析

利用水槽二维物理模型对规则波及不规则波作用下明基床上开孔沉箱所受到的波浪力进行了较为系统的试验研究。分析了开孔沉箱总垂直力峰值时刻对应的总水平力与相对基床高度、消浪室相对宽度、波陡、相对水深以及开孔率等影响因素之间的关系,给出了明基床上开孔沉箱总水平力比值(总垂直力峰值时刻对应的总水平力/总水平力峰值)与各影响因素之间的计算关系式。研究成果可供实际工程参考应用。     

A Bingham-plastic model for fluid mud transport under waves and currents

Simplified equations of fluid mud motion, which is described as Bingham-Plastic model under waves and currents, are presented by order analysis. The simplified equations are non-linear ordinary differential equations which are solved by hybrid numerical-analytical technique. As the computational cost is very low, the effects of wave current parameters and fluid mud properties on the transportation velocity of the fluid mud are studied systematically. It is found that the fluid mud can move toward one direction even if the shear stress acting on the fluid mud bed is much smaller than the fluid mud yield stress under the condition of wave and current coexistence. Experiments of the fluid mud motion under current with fluctuation water surface are carried out. The fluid mud transportation velocity predicted by the presented mathematical model can roughly match that measured in experiments.     

Dispersal of the Zhujiang River (Pearl River) derived sediment in the Holocene

High-resolution Chirp profiling and coring reveals an elongated(ca. 400 km) Holocene Zhujiang River(Pearl River)-derived mud area(maximum thickness 20 m) extending from the Zhujiang River Delta, southwestward off the Guangdong coast, to the Leizhou Peninsula. Two depo-centers, one proximal and one distal, are identified. On the continental shelf off the west Guangdong Province, the mud is deposited in water depth shallower than 50 m; while to the southeast of the Zhujiang River Estuary, the mud area can extend to the-120 m isobath. A combined analysis with the stratigraphic sequences of other muddy deposits in the Western Pacific marginal seas(mainly Changjiang(Yangtze) and Huanghe(Yellow) Rivers derived) indicates that the initiation of the Zhujiang River muddy deposit can be further divided into two stages: Stage 1 is before the mid-Holocene sea-level highstand(ca. 7.0 cal. ka BP), the proximal mud was mostly deposited after 9.0 cal. ka BP, when the sea-level rose slowly after the Meltwater Pulse-1C; Stage 2, after the mid-Holocene sealevel highstand, clinoform developed on the continental shelf off the west Guangdong Province, extending ca. 400 km from the Zhujiang River Estuary. The proximal clinoform thins offshore, from ca. 10 m thickness around 5–10 m water depth to less than 1–2 m around 20–30 m water depth. In addition, we also find a developed distal clinoform in the east of the Leizhou Peninsula.     

松辽盆地东南隆起区青山口组一段泥页岩地球化学特征及地质意义

松辽盆地青山口组一段主要为暗色泥岩,并发育多层品质较好的油页岩。对盆地东南隆起区NGN1井泥岩系统取样测试,地球化学分析结果显示:w(Si O2)为44.88%~57.75%,w(K2O)一般比w(Na2O)高,w(Mg O+Fe2OT3)为4.5%~10.01%,表明泥岩中含有较多的含钾矿物和一定的铁镁质成分。样品微量元素PAAS标准化配分曲线显示样品中元素富集、亏损均呈现基本一致的趋势,表明泥岩沉积时期存在一种主要物源。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化后呈现出明显的右倾趋势和Eu的负异常,显示物源来自上地壳。泥岩CIA指数为48~62,Th/U值大都集中在1.48~4,表明泥岩源区经历了低等的风化作用;Th/Sc--Zr/Sc图解显示泥岩中的沉积碎屑没有经历沉积再循环,受原岩成分控制,表明地球化学数据可以进行物源类型和构造环境判断。根据原岩和构造背景判别图解,松辽盆地东南隆起区青一段泥岩物源主要为中—晚侏罗世中酸性喷发岩,并混有海西期和燕山期花岗岩;原岩的构造背景为大陆边缘造山运动形成的大陆岛弧。     

真空预压法在珠江流域某冲填土场地的应用

依托珠江流域某冲填土场地工程实例,介绍了真空预压法的施工参数及应用效果,另对“薄弱部位”泥浆搅拌桩密封墙处地层的强度进行了定量分析,结果表明真空预压法适用于此类场地,加固效果明显,但密封墙位置强度降幅较大,需采取换填等措施二次处理后才能使用,可为其他类似工程提供参考经验.     

Mud dispersal across a Cretaceous prodelta: Storm‐generated,wave‐enhanced sediment gravity flows inferred from mudstone microtexture and microfacies

Determining sediment transport direction in ancient mudrocks is difficult. In order to determine both process and direction of mud transport, a portion of a well‐mapped Cretaceous delta system was studied. Oriented samples from outcrop represent prodelta environments from ca 10 to 120 km offshore. Oriented thin sections of mudstone, cut in three planes, allowed bed microstructure and palaeoflow directions to be determined. Clay mineral platelets are packaged in equant, face‐face aggregates 2 to 5 μm in diameter that have a random orientation; these aggregates may have formed through flocculation in fluid mud. Cohesive mud was eroded by storms to make intraclastic aggregates 5 to 20 μm in diameter. Mudstone beds are millimetre‐scale, and four microfacies are recognized: Well‐sorted siltstone forms millimetre‐scale combined‐flow ripples overlying scoured surfaces; deposition was from turbulent combined flow. Silt‐streaked claystone comprises parallel, sub‐millimetre laminae of siliceous silt and clay aggregates sorted by shear in the boundary layer beneath a wave‐supported gravity flow of fluid mud. Silty claystone comprises fine siliceous silt grains floating in a matrix of clay and was deposited by vertical settling as fluid mud gelled under minimal current shear. Homogeneous clay‐rich mudstone has little silt and may represent late‐stage settling of fluid mud, or settling from wave‐dissipated fluid mud. It is difficult or impossible to correlate millimetre‐scale beds between thin sections from the same sample, spaced only ca 20 mm apart, due to lateral facies change and localized scour and fill. Combined‐flow ripples in siltstone show strong preferred migration directly down the regional prodelta slope, estimated at ca 1 : 1000. Ripple migration was effected by drag exerted by an overlying layer of downslope‐flowing, wave‐supported fluid mud. In the upper part of the studied section, centimetre‐scale interbeds of very fine to fine‐grained sandstone show wave ripple crests trending shore normal, whereas combined‐flow ripples migrated obliquely alongshore and offshore. Storm winds blowing from the north‐east drove shore‐oblique geostrophic sand transport whereas simultaneously, wave‐supported flows of fluid mud travelled downslope under the influence of gravity. Effective wave base for sand, estimated at ca 40 m, intersected the prodelta surface ca 80 km offshore whereas wave base for mud was at ca 70 m and lay ca 120 km offshore. Small‐scale bioturbation of mud beds co‐occurs with interbedded sandstone but stratigraphically lower, sand‐free mudstone has few or no signs of benthic fauna. It is likely that a combination of soupground substrate, frequent storm emplacement of fluid mud, low nutrient availability and possibly reduced bottom‐water oxygen content collectively inhibited benthic fauna in the distal prodelta.     

小秦岭金矿田北矿带厚覆盖层钻探技术难点及对策

针对小秦岭金矿田北矿带厚覆盖层钻孔施工存在的技术难点进行分析,从钻进方法、钻孔结构、泥浆护壁、工艺措施等方面,研究出解决厚覆盖层钻孔绳索取心钻进的技术对策和措施,在生产实践中较好地解决了技术难点问题,并取得了好的经济技术效果。