优化处理红宝石中轻微玻璃态物质的清理实验

针对目前市场上出现的一些因优化处理而产生轻微玻璃残余物的天然红宝石,经适当浓度的氢氟酸(浓度23%)浸泡后,位于红宝石内裂隙和表面凹坑中的轻微玻璃态残余物被溶解,达到清理玻璃态残余物的目的,并利用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)分析含玻璃材料的溶液中Si和Al的浓度分别为28.60μg/mL和2.795μg/mL,进而估算玻璃态残留物的损失量以判定热处理过程中非人为加入的玻璃态物质在红宝石中的充填程度。利用红外光谱仪对玻璃残留物清理前后的红宝石红外光谱进行对比研究得出:清理前,红外光谱显示在1 100~1 000 cm-1内有1个单峰宽谱带,谱峰为1 050 cm-1,是由νas(Si—O—Si)非对称伸缩振动引起的,表明残留物为非晶质体,750~600 cm-1之间位于744 cm-1的吸收峰为νs(Si—O—Si)对称伸缩振动引起;清理后,未检测到玻璃残余物特征的Si—O振动峰,仅具950~600 cm-1范围内的宽谱带,为刚玉Al—O基频振动谱带736、622 cm-1,体现晶质金属氧化物的特征,表明样品中玻璃态物质已被清除,实验后红宝石可被划归为经人工优化范畴。宝石显微镜下观察到清理实验后红宝石中原先被玻璃残余物所掩盖的显著内裂隙及表面凹坑。     

麻黄山西探区淡水泥浆侵入电阻率测井特征分析及其应用

麻黄山西探区大部分井的泥浆矿化度小于地层水矿化度,导致淡水泥浆侵入,影响电阻率测井值,使利用测井资料评价油水层存在较大的技术难度.在分析麻黄山西探区淡水泥浆侵入电阻率测井特征的基础上,对电阻率测井系列进行了合理选择,论述了径向电阻率比值法,并采用径向电阻率比值法计算含水饱和度,测井解释结果与试油资料对比表明,解释效果好,符合率高.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定黑钨矿精矿和中矿中的锰

样品采用过氧化钠熔融,酒石酸络合提取,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定黑钨精矿和中矿中的锰含量,碱熔络合体系避免了酸处理样品时大量钨酸沉淀的生成,解决了钨酸沉淀导致的溶矿不完全和夹杂、吸附待测元素的问题。在优化的工作条件下,方法检出限为0.019μg/mL,精密度(RSD,n=11)为0.92%～1.50%,并且具有较高的回收率(97.5%～104.0%),单次测定结果与协同定值结果的偏差小于国家标准GB/T 6150.14—2008硫酸亚铁铵法实验室间允许差。方法简便快速,无明显基体干扰,满足了国家标准黑钨精矿中锰的检测要求,可用于高、中品位钨矿石样品中低含量锰的准确测定。     

寨上矿区复杂地层钻探技术

针对甘肃省岷县寨上矿区构造发育,地层破碎,断裂带厚度大,钻孔缩径、漏失、坍塌,岩心采取率低,孔内事故多等钻进难题,采用植物胶泥浆、PAB无固相冲洗液、多层套管护壁技术,以及试验运用Q系列钻具和射流式绳索取心局部反循环钻具取心等措施,取得了较好的效果。     

深异形地下连续墙施工技术研究

对深异形地下连续墙施工的关键点进行了系统的研究、探讨,归纳出了深异形地连墙施工的7个关键环节。分别对这7个重点问题进行了论述,并通过工程实例,对其应用效果加以验证。     

葡聚糖对酸性矿山废水中次生铁矿物形成的影响

采用H2O2氧化Fe2＋并供应4种不同浓度葡聚糖的方法,探讨在H2O2氧化体系中葡聚糖对次生铁矿物形成的影响。结果表明：葡聚糖对次生矿物的形成具有明显的抑制作用;随着葡聚糖浓度的提高,次生矿物内的Fe含量降低,而S含量没有显著变化,且所有处理的K含量均较低;没有葡聚糖处理的次生矿物XRD特征峰与黄钾铁矾吻合,而添加葡聚糖后形成的次生矿物的特征峰与施氏矿物吻合,但是所有处理的次生矿物的结晶度都不高;随着葡聚糖浓度的提高,次生矿物的颗粒尺寸降低,比表面积增加。因此,葡聚糖能够抑制次生矿物的合成,并且阻止次生矿物由施氏矿物向黄钾铁矾的转变。     

印尼塔里亚布锡铁多金属矿床矿浆型磁铁矿的矿物学特征与形成机理探讨

在野外地质观察基础上,运用光学显微镜、化学分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、流体包裹体成分分析等手段,对印尼塔里亚布锡铁多金属矿床中矿浆型磁铁矿的矿物学特征进行了研究。结果表明,矿浆型铁矿体界线清晰,呈贯入充填形态,围岩蚀变简单。矿石具块状条带、气孔状、流纹状、熔结瘤状等典型矿浆型铁矿石构造。矿石矿物组成简单,磁铁矿含量高,磷灰石＋磁铁矿是标志性矿物组合。磁铁矿在化学成分上富铁（TFe=66.08%～68.01%）、富镁（MgO=3.05%～3.22%）、贫硅（SiO2=0.82%～1.91%）、贫碱（Na2O＋K2O〈1.06%）,具明显铕负异常（δEu=0.14～0.55）。磁铁矿晶胞参数介于0.8390～0.8397 nm,接近标准值。磁铁矿晶体以致密它形晶为主,重结晶形成的三晶嵌连结构反映矿浆冷凝结晶是典型的退火过程。磁铁矿流体成分富集Li＋（0.234μg/g）、Na＋（3.438μg/g）等碱性阳离子及H2O（4129μg/g）、SO42-（8.916μg/g）及其它挥发性组分。在富碱、富挥发分和高氧逸度条件下,研究区矿浆型铁矿与花岗岩是酸性原始岩浆高度演化分异的同源产物。     

A continuous multi-millennial record of surficial bivalve mollusk shells from the São Paulo Bight,Brazilian shelf

To evaluate the potential of using surficial shell accumulations for paleoenvironmental studies, an extensive time series of individually dated specimens of the marine infaunal bivalve mollusk Semele casali was assembled using amino acid racemization (AAR) ratios (n = 270) calibrated against radiocarbon ages (n = 32). The shells were collected from surface sediments at multiple sites across a sediment-starved shelf in the shallow sub-tropical São Paulo Bight (São Paulo State, Brazil). The resulting ¹⁴C-calibrated AAR time series, one of the largest AAR datasets compiled to date, ranges from modern to 10,307 cal yr BP, is right skewed, and represents a remarkably complete time series: the completeness of the Holocene record is 66% at 250-yr binning resolution and 81% at 500-yr binning resolution. Extensive time-averaging is observed for all sites across the sampled bathymetric range indicating long water depth-invariant survival of carbonate shells at the sediment surface with low net sedimentation rates. Benthic organisms collected from active depositional surfaces can provide multi-millennial time series of biomineral records and serve as a source of geochemical proxy data for reconstructing environmental and climatic trends throughout the Holocene at centennial resolution. Surface sediments can contain time-rich shell accumulations that record the entire Holocene, not just the present.     

The spatial and temporal distribution of grain‐size breaks in turbidites

Grain‐size breaks are surfaces where abrupt changes in grain size occur vertically within deposits. Grain‐size breaks are common features in turbidites around the world, including ancient and modern systems. Despite their widespread occurrence, grain‐size breaks have been regarded as exceptional, and not included within idealized models of turbidity current deposition. This study uses ca 100 shallow sediment cores, from the Moroccan Turbidite System, to map out five turbidite beds for distances in excess of 2000 km. The vertical and spatial distributions of grain‐size breaks within these beds are examined. Five different types of grain‐size break are found: Type I – in proximal areas between coarse sand and finer grained structureless sand; Type II – in proximal areas between inversely graded sand overlain by finer sand; Type III – in proximal areas between sand overlain by ripple cross‐laminated finer sand; Type IV – throughout the system between clean sand and mud; and Type V – in distal areas between mud‐rich (debrite) sand and mud. This article interprets Types I and V as being generated by sharp vertical concentration boundaries, controlled by sediment and clay concentrations within the flows, whilst Types II and III are interpreted as products of spatial/temporal fluctuations in flow capacity. Type IV are interpreted as the product of fluid mud layers, which hinder the settling of non‐cohesive grains and bypasses them down slope. Decelerating suspensions with sufficient clay will always form cohesive layers near to bed, promoting the generation of Type IV grain‐size breaks. This may explain why Type IV grain‐size breaks are widespread in all five turbidites examined and are commonplace within turbidite sequences studied elsewhere. Therefore, Type IV grain‐size breaks should be understood as the norm, not the exception, and regarded as a typical feature within turbidite beds.