The geometry of space-time prisms with uncertain anchors

Space-time prisms envelop all spatio-temporal locations that moving objects may have visited between two of their known spatio-temporal locations, given a bound on their travel speed. In this context, the known locations are often the result of observations or measurements, and they are called ‘anchor points’. The classic space-time prism, in isotropic two-dimensional space, as well as in transportation networks, assumes that the measurements of these anchor points are exact. Whereas, in many applications, we can assume that time can be measured fairly precisely, this assumption is unrealistic for the spatial components of measured locations (we think of Global Positioning System (GPS) errors, for instance). In this paper, we extend the classical prism from anchor points to circular ‘anchor regions’ that capture the uncertainty or error on their measurement. We define the notion of a space-time prism with uncertain anchor points, called uncertain prism, for short. We study the geometry of uncertain prisms in an arbitrary metric space to make this concept as widely applicable as possible. We also focus on the rims of uncertain space-time prisms, which demarcate the area that a moving object can have visited between two anchor regions (given some local speed limitations).     

车辆监控的信息管理系统设计及其关键技术分析

本文针对大量车辆的位置定位及其信息管理等主要内容进行了研究,给出了具有广泛扩展性的车辆监控管理信息系统的设计,并对其关键技术进行了探讨,最后给出了基于GPS与GPRS的系统实例测试分析。     

半荒漠风沙区土地沙漠化生物整治技术的研究

试验证明,土地沙漠化生物整治技术能在半荒漠风沙区取得显著的作用和效果。在柠条、毛条、花棒、杨柴、沙木蓼等灌木树种的适生立地上营造防风固沙林,林后3~4年,灌木就可郁闭成林,流动沙丘完全被控制变为固定沙丘;林下植被结构得以改善,优良品种增多,如能合理开发其饲料等用途,还具有十分可观的经济效益。     

水下运动物体及海底地形的SAR探测的初步研究(一)水下运动物体的SAR仿真影像分析

当物体在水中运动时,它所引起的流场变化会调制海水表面的小尺度波动,从而可以被合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）所探测。本文建立了一个三维半隐式格式,对水下运动物体的绕流问题进行了数值计算。在袁业立有关海波高谱形式及ＳＡＲ影像原理的理论分析基础上,本文进一步计算了水下运动物体ＳＡＲ影像的Ｇ值分布图,并讨论了物体深度、海水水深、海表面主波方向对水下运动物体ＳＡＲ影像的影响。     

Numerical study of pollutant transport in the sea-bay with mild slope beach

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深水工况下弧面胸墙沉箱堤的反射形态分析

为推广应用新型弧面胸墙沉箱堤,结合模型试验和数值模拟对比分析了深水工况下弧面胸墙沉箱堤和削角胸墙沉箱堤的反射形态。波面和波压的数值结果与试验数据吻合良好,验证了数值方法的有效性。反射系数表明,入射波浪在与弧面胸墙沉箱堤相互作用过程中的能量损耗最小,其反射强于削角胸墙沉箱堤。波面和流速包络图显示,两种堤型均在堤前形成了部分立波系统,腹点和节点以四分之一波长的距离增量交替出现,胸墙和直立部分产生的反射波存在相位差,导致初始腹点的位置向海侧偏移。弧面胸墙沉箱堤前叠合波的相位差影响最小,腹点包络高度最大,节点包络高度最小,反射效应最明显。两种堤型前中下层水流的周期平均速度均较小且对称,表明底床泥沙不会产生趋势性输移,但迎浪基床上方的环流系统可能引起局部冲刷。相对而言,弧面胸墙沉箱堤前的环流强度最弱,更有利于冲刷防护。     

基于滑动窗口导纳技术反演西太平洋中部岩石圈的有效弹性厚度

西太平洋中部地区是西太平洋板块边缘沟-弧-盆体系构造演化的关键区域,其地质特征与构造演化一直是地学家关注的焦点问题之一。开展岩石圈有效弹性厚度的研究对于认识该区域的形成演化具有重要的科学意义。本文采用滑动窗口导纳技术,并在挠曲模型中考虑了表面荷载和内部荷载同时存在的情况,计算得到该区域的岩石圈有效弹性厚度(Te)。计算结果显示,研究区的Te值整体上为0~50 km,其变化基本上与构造单元相吻合,且与主要的构造边界密切相关。除海底火山具有相对较小的Te值(15~20 km)外,太平洋板块整体上具有较强的岩石圈强度(25~30 km)。马里亚纳海沟和菲律宾海沟的岩石圈强度从外隆起到海沟方向表现为明显的减弱,表明岩石圈由外隆起向海沟发生了弱化。帕里西维拉海盆西部相较于东部具有较弱的岩石圈强度,这可能与海盆的非对称扩张有关。卡罗琳板块的岩石圈整体上表现为相对均一的低Te值特征(<15 km)。欧里皮克海隆、卡罗琳海岭和索罗尔海槽的Te值为3 km,这可能是强烈的火山作用所导致的结果。     

自适应移动盒子的机载LiDAR点云去噪算法

针对现有LiDAR点云去噪算法难以实现自适应的问题,该文提出了基于空间盒子结构的自适应移动盒子去噪算法。基于经验模型建立盒子自适应准则,较好规避了现有算法的去噪阈值确定问题;采用聚类分析实现噪声点与有效点的精确标示。基于不同类型噪声的点云数据实验结果表明:与现有去噪算法相比,基于自适应移动盒子的去噪算法具有更好的适应性和去噪效果。     

利用OpenGL实现武器装备模型运动可视化

在对武器装备模型的研究中,武器空间运动轨迹的研究和运动中产生的特殊效果的研究是当前重要的两个研究方向。本文研究的相关技术主要应用于某单方仿真推演系统,以飞机、导弹、炮弹等为研究对象,通过对武器装备的空间运动轨迹建模,建立了参数可变的轨迹解算方程,并且在三维可视化环境下模拟了其运动轨迹,同时利用粒子系统的方法模拟了飞机运动时产生的特殊效果。最终建立一个多视点、多角度、多层次观察武器运动仿真进度的可视化平台。     

Stream tube integration method for analysing subsurface fluid flow

A stream tube integration method is introduced to solve transient subsurface fluid flow problems. The method combines a geometry-embedded form of Darcy's Law and the notion of location of average. Two types of problems, transient radial flow to a well of finite radius in an areally infinite aquifer and in a double porosity system, are solved by the stream tube integration method and the integral finite difference method. Results of the solutions show that the stream tube integration method, with fixed coarse mesh, are more accurate and better behaved than the integral finite difference method, with fine mesh. The fixed mesh stream tube integration method is readily extended to the moving mesh method. With much coarse mesh, the moving mesh technique can obtain the same accurate results as the fixed mesh stream tube integration method. It is suggested that the stream tube integration method is a viable way to state, solve, interpret and verify numerical solutions. The method provides efficient computation and improved accuracy for analysing subsurface fluid flow. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.