基于轨迹偏移算法的居民就医时空特征与空间格局分析

居民就医时空特征与空间格局反映了医疗设施的服务能力与布局合理性.本文以厦门岛为例,采用出租车轨迹数据,探讨了居民就医的时空特征和空间格局.论文提出了基于道路中心线的研究单元划分方法;提出OD轨迹偏移算法,更精细地提取出三级医院的就医OD数据,改善传统的缓冲区分析法中精确度较低的问题;对居民就医行为进行时空特征分析;基于...     

海底光缆的地震影响分析

根据我国地震台网测定,北京时间2006年12月26日20时26分和34分,在南海海域发生7.2、6.7级地震。受强烈地震影响,多条国际海底通信光缆中断,造成附近国家和地区的国际和地区性通信受到严重影响。这次地震以前,海底光缆故障主要是由渔船造成,而地震的影响常常被忽视。本文在总结海底光缆3次震害经验的基础上,提出了地震影响海底光缆的主要因素以及海底光缆的抗震措施。     

基于GPS的青藏块体东北缘近期地壳水平运动与变形研究

以"中国地壳运动观测网络"工程1999-2001年GPS观测数据以及"大陆强震机理与预测"国家基础研究项目青藏块体东北缘GPS网1999,2001,2003年的观测资料为基础,应用GAM IT/GLOBK软件对数据进行精密解算,获得了青藏块体东北缘1999-2001年相对于鼎新基准站以及欧亚板块的水平运动速度场。结合板块构造以及大地动力学理论,对青藏块体进行了块体的划分,分析了块体间的相互作用,并进一步分析了该地区的地壳水平运动特征,得出了以下结论:(1)GPS技术用于地壳运动的监测是可行的;(2)1999-2001年期间,祁连-海原断裂带GPS运动位移与地质结果十分吻合;(3)印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞以碰撞后印度大陆继续以50 mm/a的速度向北推进是青藏块体东北缘的运动动力;(4)甘青块体西部子块体以北东向挤压运动为主;东部子块体主要表现为以海原断裂带为北边界的顺时针旋转为主;(5)鄂尔多斯块体存在逆时针旋转运动,其旋转速度在块体西南侧的六盘山断裂带一带最大,向北至块体西北部明显减小。     

Submarine canyons on the north of Chiwei Island:influenced by recent extension of the southern Okinawa Trough

Based on new multibeam bathymetric data and about 300 km long single seismic profiles, three topographic units were identified： the canyons, fractural valley and submarine terrace on the north of Chiwei Island where is a structural transition zone between the southern trough and the middle trough. The Chiwei Canyon and the North Chiwei Canyon are two of the largest canyons in the East China Sea （ECS） slope. Topographic features and architectures of them are described. The study shows that both of them are originated along faults. The evolution and spatial distribution of topographic units in the study area are controlled mainly by three groups of faults which were formed and reactive in the recent extensional phase of Okinawa Trough. The Chiwei Canyon was initia- ted during the middle Pleistocene and guided by F4 that is a N--S trending fault on the slope and F1, a large NW--SE trending fault on the trough. The pathway migration from the remnant channel to the present one of Chiwei Canyon is the result of uplift of tilted fault block that is coupled to the recent extension movements of the southern trough. The submarine terrace is detached from the ECS slope by the NEE -trending fault. The North Chiwei Canyon, developing during the late Pleistocene, is guided by FS, a N-S trending fault, diverted and blocked by the submarine terrace.     

Site fidelity and movements of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) in a coastal lagoon (Ria Formosa, Portugal)

Short-time site fidelity and movements of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) in a coastal lagoon were determined using passive acoustic telemetry. Nine fish, ranging from 20.1 to 32.5 cm total length, were surgically implanted with acoustic transmitters and monitored for up to 179 days. Minimum convex polygon areas ranged from 18,698.6 m² to 352,711.9 m². Home range sizes were small, with individuals using core areas on a daily basis. However, these core areas shifted within the study site over time towards the opening to the sea. Two different diel behaviors were recorded, with some individuals more active at night and others during day time. Some individuals also demonstrated homing abilities, returning to the capture site after being released more than 4 km away.     

Spatial Variability of Mass Movements in the Satluj Valley,Himachal Pradesh during 1990～2006

Satluj Valley is known to have a history of landslides and related mass movement activities since the geological times. Geological and geomorphological settings combined with anthropogenic activities constitute a propensity towards slope failure. During the last two decades,the area witnessed substantial increase in athropogenic pressure,mainly due to the exploitation of hydropower potential,changing landuse pattern and population growth. In addition,a shift of the climatic patterns in the form of larger area falling under the influence of rains was observed. These natural as well as anthropogenic changes in the area have resulted in increased spatial coverage of landslide in the area. This paper documents these changes during 1990～2006.     

近海地形对热带气旋移动影响的数值试验

利用含地形、摩擦及非绝热加热外源强迫的准地转正压涡度方程模式 ,通过构造理想的坡地地形及椭圆型岛地形 ,首先分析了孤立地形的动力抬升作用及动力抬升、摩擦、非绝热加热 3者共同作用下对热带气旋 (TC)移动的影响。发现 :地形的动力抬升、摩擦作用以及地形附近海域的非绝热加热对TC移动均有影响 ;然后 ,引入了我国东南近海的实际地形 ,通过数值试验分析了TC移经或登陆在近海不同位置时TC移向、移速的可能变化 ,并给出了近海地形对TC移向、移速影响的空间分布。     

中国地壳运动观测网络中的GPS数据流

介绍了中国地壳运动观测网络中的 GPS数据结构 ,对 GPS及其他观测数据的数据转换、数据传输、数据处理、管理及数据共享等工作流程作了详细说明。     

沟道偏转地形对滑坡碎屑流运动的影响研究

在沟谷地形中,滑坡碎屑流的运动常受到地形的影响,导致其运动方向发生改变,进而影响到滑坡运动速度和堆积特征。本文利用三维离散元素法,对四川都江堰三溪村高速远程滑坡进行模拟,研究滑坡体不同部位的块体失稳后,在沟道偏转地形主导下的滑坡碎屑流前缘的运动速度、各部位滑体的速度变化过程和堆积特征,并提出沟道偏转地形耗能模型分析了地形偏转造成的动能消耗。研究结果显示:滑坡前缘在地形偏转位置运动方向发生变化,导致运动速度突降;由于滑坡不同部位的滑块相对于地形偏转点具有不同的撞击角度,导致其撞击后产生不同的偏转角度,滑块的偏转角度越大,速度变化越大;由沟道偏转地形导致的滑坡运动速度减小反映了偏转地形对滑坡的动能产生的耗散,动能耗散率与cos2θ(θ为偏转地形在水平面上的偏转角度)成反比;不同部位滑块的堆积长度随偏转角度的增大而减小。本研究分析了沟谷地形偏转对滑坡碎屑流运动速度作用机制及不同部位岩土体堆积范围的影响,可为该类地形条件下滑坡的运动机制研究和防灾减灾工作提供参考。     

环渤海区域及邻区现今地壳构造运动形变特征分析

将环渤海区域划分为5个次级块体,利用整体旋转与线性应变模型分析2009~2014年中国大陆构造环境监测网络的GPS对地观测速度场数据,得到相对于欧亚板块0.5°×0.5°的水平运动速度场和应变场。分析形变速度场和应变场的空间变化发现,环渤海区域整体上呈现0.25×10^-9/a的NW-SE 111.3°的双向趋势性扩张运动,太行块体、山西块体分别呈NW-SE 116.3°、NW-SE 130°的微弱扩张运动,胶辽块体、冀鲁块体和阴山-燕山块体分别存在NW-SE 144.3°、NE-SW 39.5°和NW-SE 155.6°的微弱压缩运动,其中太行块体的扩张运动量级相对于其他次级块体较大。尽管环渤海区域内部各次级块体的形变在空间上存在以上差异,但整体上环渤海区域主压应变轴方向基本为NEE-SWW,主张应变轴方向为NNW-SSE,且主压应变轴走向为NE 47.70°～89.74°,与利用地球物理方法得到的主压应变轴优势方向大体一致,表明环渤海区域现今地壳运动相对稳定。