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61.
了解崩塌活动史与区域气候变化之间的关系对于掌握区域山地灾害形成规律,预测未来发展趋势具有非常重要的作用。利用树木地貌法可以准确掌握山地灾害发生频率,并为定量分析气候变化对山地灾害发生发展趋势提供支撑。本文以川东华蓥山石林景区一大型崩塌为研究对象,通过杉木树木年轮、降水和气温数据对该崩塌活动时间进行分析。结果表明:该崩塌可能共有四个活动年份,2015年为大规模活动年份,2008年、2012年和2016年为小规模活动年份,崩塌活动的季节主要集中在早材期间(4月—9月)。基于滚石冲击树干产生的愈伤组织和标准木年轮对比表明:树木在受到滚石冲击后,都表现为生长抑制,且树木年轮宽度要滞后滚石活动1年。参考树木与干扰树木年轮宽度和月降雨量没有相关性,但干扰树木年轮与月平均气温(4月—9月)呈负相关关系。本研究结果可以为研究区内山地灾害活动史与气候变化关系提供支撑,尤其是为研究区域降雨诱发的崩塌活动规律提供借鉴。 相似文献
62.
山地叶面积指数反演理论、方法与研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
叶面积指数LAI(Leaf Area Index)是表征叶片疏密程度和冠层结构特征的重要植被参数,在气候变化、作物生长模型以及碳、水循环研究中发挥着重要作用。遥感是获取区域及全球尺度LAI的一个重要手段,当前LAI产品主要基于遥感数据反演得到,但是多数LAI产品算法并未考虑地形特征的影响,导致山地LAI遥感反演精度不确定性大。提高山地LAI遥感反演精度亟需考虑地形因子对冠层反射率的影响,其中山地冠层反射率模型和遥感数据地形校正是提升山地LAI遥感反演精度的关键。本文围绕山地LAI遥感反演理论与方法,综合分析了国内外山地冠层反射率模型和地形校正模型的研究进展,总结了目前山地LAI遥感反演存在的问题,并讨论了未来研究的发展趋势。 相似文献
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Jacques Mourey Ludovic Ravanel Christophe Lambiel Joël Strecker Mattia Piccardi 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2019,73(4):215-228
ABSTRACTIn the European Alps, high mountain environments are subject to major impacts resulting from climate change, which strongly affect human activities such as mountaineering. The purpose of the study was to examine changes in access routes to 30 high mountain huts in the Western Alps since the 1990s. Data were derived from the use of two different methods, geo-historical studies and a questionnaire, and were used to identify both the climate-related processes affecting the climbing routes and the strategies implemented by public entities, Alpine clubs, guide companies, and hut keepers to maintain acceptable safety and technical conditions. The case studies revealed issues affecting three access routes and the results from the questionnaire showed that the main processes affecting access routes were loss of ice thickness and retreat from the front of the glaciated areas. Commonly, in situ equipment was installed to facilitate access for mountaineers and/or a part of a route was relocated to a safer area. The authors conclude that in most cases, the measures were effective but they were limited by financial, ethical and legal issues, especially in protected or classified areas that could jeopardise their durability and effectiveness. 相似文献
65.
以山洪灾害风险评价的多准则决策模型、最大熵模型、信息量模型三种常见模型为研究对象,选取河西走廊和张掖市为地理区划(大中)、市域(小)空间尺度研究区,构建山洪灾害风险评价指标体系,分别完成基于三种模型的两种空间尺度的山洪灾害风险评价制图,基于甘肃省地质灾害调查与区划报告数据从模型验证、空间自相关、精度对比和尺度效应等角度对比分析三个模型应用于不同空间尺度的适应性,并给出优选模型。结果表明:最大熵模型是河西走廊(地理区划)空间尺度上山洪灾害风险评价的优选模型;多准则决策模型不适用于张掖市(市域)空间尺度评价,且三个模型运行结果均没有河西走廊(地理区划)空间尺度上表现良好;三个模型的尺度效应明显,在地理区划空间尺度上应用较良好,缩小至市域空间尺度上模拟结果误差增大;不同空间尺度上,最大熵模型均优于多准则决策模型和信息量模型,适用于地理区划(大中)、市域(小)空间尺度的山洪灾害风险评价。 相似文献
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PuYu Wang ZhongQin Li ChunHai Xu Ping Zhou WenBin Wang Shuang Jin HongLiang Li 《寒旱区科学》2019,11(1):41-49
This study makes an attempt to investigate through statistical analysis the correlation between changes in ice volume and area of glaciers. Using data from nine sample glaciers in the Tian Shan, the results show that a linear relation exists between changes in ice volume and area, with a correlation coefficient of 0.700. However, the accuracy estimation is difficult due to the limited number of samples. The correlation was not improved after adding eleven glacier samples in other mountains. Two reference glaciers are then analyzed in more detail. The linear correlation coefficient is higher than 0.800 when using the observed changes in ice volume and area during different periods on Urumqi Glacier No. 1, which suggests that the linear relation is valid for one glacier for different periods if its shape does not change noticeably and also for other glaciers of the same shape during the same period. The relation between changes in ice volume and area of Qingbingtan Glacier No. 72 is different during different periods due to change in the shape of the glacier tongue and the influence of the debris cover. Moreover, errors in glacier-change monitoring and-volume estimation have an important influence on the correlation results. Therefore, further study needs to focus not only on the distinction between glacier types and between different periods but also on the accuracy of volume estimation. 相似文献
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Mountain areas are often rich in ecological diversity and recreational opportunities. Mountain tourism is thought to be an effective and important means for maintaining and expanding rural economies and, thus, improving the living conditions of rural societies. As mountain tourism service research is a professional field with several disciplines involved, a multi-disciplinary management pIatform is needed and it facilitates participation in sustainable mountain development by diverse stakeholders. With the source regions of the Yangtze and the Yellow River as a case study, this paper presents a conceptual framework for an adaptation management of mountain tourism services according to technical, policy, social and economic dimensions. The framework is based on a vulnerability assessment of mountain ecosystems, and can serve as a reference for the development of tourism service in other mountain areas. 相似文献
70.
小气候、雪盖及土壤湿度对高山生态系统功能的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jorg LOFFLER 《地理学报(英文版)》2007,17(1):3-19
1 Introduction High mountain landscapes above the tree-line are often regarded as close to nature, although human impact has obviously changed the environment, partly exceeding its carrying capac- ity (L?ffler, 2000). Due to their fragility regarding expected environmental changes and an increasing land use pressure in many regions, high mountain landscapes recently became a major focus within the discussion on a sustainable development in a worldwide (Messerli and Ives, 1997), and regional p… 相似文献