西藏冈底斯南缘中新世含矿斑岩源区组成与成因

青藏高原南部中新世下地壳流动是当前大陆动力学研究的热点,关键科学问题是下地壳的流动方向。LA-ICP-MS定年结果表明冲江斑状黑云母二长花岗岩的形成时代为14.9~14.8 Ma,朱诺斑状花岗岩的形成时代为15.3~14.9 Ma。含矿埃达克质斑岩的特征如下:Si O2含量67.72%~74.49%,K2O含量2.85%~5.98%,Sr含量93~804μg/g,高Sr/Y(16~139)、(La/Yb)N(21~43)比值,Eu/Eu*值为0.6~0.91。冲江岩体锆石εHf(t)值为1.2~5.1,朱诺岩体锆石εHf(t)值为–6.9~–0.1,他们与徐旺春等报道的镁铁质麻粒岩的锆石Hf值(–2.5~4.8)具有很好的叠合性,暗示镁铁质麻粒岩(印度镁铁质下地壳)可以作为他们的岩浆源区。此外,Sr-Nd同位素表现出雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩和拉萨地块两个端元混合的特征,Pb同位素表现出雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩和喜马拉雅富集陆壳端元的特征。上述同位素地球化学特征表明,冈底斯中新世埃达克质斑岩的岩浆源区物质组成包括:拉萨陆壳、印度陆壳、雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩(地幔成分),表现出加厚下地壳部分熔融特征,暗示青藏高原南部由南向北的下地壳流动方向。     

大兴安岭北段塔源二支线铅锌铜矿区岩浆岩岩石成因及其地质意义

塔源二支线铅锌铜矿床地处额尔古纳地块东南缘,位于得尔布干成矿带东段.为确定塔源二支线铅锌铜矿区岩浆岩的岩石成因及其地质意义,对矿区岩浆岩开展了岩石学、地球化学以及同位素年代学研究.笔者在矿区识别出两期岩浆作用,早期发生于(296.1±2.3)Ma(早二叠世),侵入体为二长闪长岩;晚期发生在(136.5±2.1)Ma(早...     

Prograde metamorphic sequence of REE minerals in pelitic rocks of the Central Alps: implications for allanite–monazite–xenotime phase relations from 250 to 610 °C

The distribution of REE minerals in metasedimentary rocks was investigated to gain insight into the stability of allanite, monazite and xenotime in metapelites. Samples were collected in the central Swiss Alps, along a well‐established metamorphic field gradient that record conditions from very low grade metamorphism (250 °C) to the lower amphibolite facies (～600 °C). In the Alpine metapelites investigated, mass balance calculations show that LREE are mainly transferred between monazite and allanite during the course of prograde metamorphism. At very low grade metamorphism, detrital monazite grains (mostly Variscan in age) have two distinct populations in terms of LREE and MREE compositions. Newly formed monazite crystallized during low‐grade metamorphism (<440 °C); these are enriched in La, but depleted in Th and Y, compared with inherited grains. Upon the appearance of chloritoid (～440–450 °C, thermometry based on chlorite–choritoid and carbonaceous material), monazite is consumed, and MREE and LREE are taken up preferentially in two distinct zones of allanite distinguishable by EMPA and X‐ray mapping. Prior to garnet growth, allanite acquires two growth zones of clinozoisite: a first one rich in HREE + Y and a second one containing low REE contents. Following garnet growth, close to the chloritoid–out zone boundary (～556–580 °C, based on phase equilibrium calculations), allanite and its rims are partially to totally replaced by monazite and xenotime, both associated with plagioclase (± biotite ± staurolite ± kyanite ± quartz). In these samples, epidote relics are located in the matrix or as inclusions in garnet, and these preserve their characteristic chemical and textural growth zoning, indicating that they did not experience re‐equilibration following their prograde formation. Hence, the partial breakdown of allanite to monazite offers the attractive possibility to obtain in situ ages, representing two distinct crystallization stages. In addition, the complex REE + Y and Th zoning pattern of allanite and monazite are essential monitors of crystallization conditions at relatively low metamorphic grade.     

Exhumation of a Variscan orogenic complex: insights into the composite granulitic–amphibolitic metamorphic basement of south-east Corsica (France)

A structural, petrological and geochronological (U‐Th‐Pb of zircon and monazite) study reveals that the lower crust sequences of the Variscan high‐grade basement cropping out between Solenzara and Porto Vecchio, south‐east Corsica (France) have been tectonically juxtaposed along with middle crustal rocks during the extrusion of the orogenic root of the Variscan chain. We propose that a system of high‐temperature, orogen‐parallel shear zones that developed under a transpressive dextral tectonic regime caused the exhumation of the entire sequence. This tectonic complex is thus made up of rocks having undergone different P–T conditions (eclogite‐?, high‐pressure granulite facies and amphibolite facies) at different times, reflecting the progressive foreland migration of the orogenic front. The Solenzara granulites were derived from burial of continental crust to high‐pressure (1.8–1.4 GPa) and high‐ to ultrahigh‐temperature conditions (900–1000 °C) during the Variscan convergence: U–Pb ELA‐ICPMS zircon dating constrained the timing of this metamorphism at c. 360 Ma. The gneisses cropping out at Porto Vecchio are middle crustal‐level rocks that reached their peak temperature conditions (700–750 °C at <1.0 GPa) at c. 340 Ma. The diachronism of the metamorphic events, the foliation patterns and their geometry suggest that the granulites were exhumed to middle crustal levels through channel flow tectonics under continuous compression. The amphibolite facies gneisses of Porto Vecchio and the granulites of Solenzara were accreted through the development of a major dextral mylonitic zone forming under amphibolite facies conditions: in situ monazite isotope dating (ELA‐ICPMS) revealed that this deformation occurred at c. 320 Ma and was accompanied by the emplacement of syntectonic high‐K melts. A final HTLP static overprint, constrained at 312–308 Ma by monazite U‐Th‐Pb isotope dating, is related to the emplacement of the igneous products of the Sardinia‐Corsica batholith and marks the transition from the Variscan orogenic event to the Permian extension.     

TRACKING THE BABY BOOM,THE BABY BUST,AND THE ECHO GENERATIONS: HOW AGE COMPOSITION REGULATES US MIGRATION*

US regional and state migration data from the 1940s–80s, when members of the baby boom generation aged into their years of peak labor force mobility, suggest ways in which changing age composition regulates geographical mobility and interregional migration. Labor supply pressure plays a key role in the dynamics of the national migration system. A “delayed mobility” effect in the 1980s similar to the delayed fertility of the baby boom cohorts appears to be a result of the depressed rates of mobility experienced by members of this generation when they flooded regional labor markets with record numbers of entrants in the 1970s. Recent temporal shifts in age-specific volumes of interregional migration help predict the future pace of migration based upon the projected age distribution of the nation.     

天水渭北地区变质花岗岩类岩石学特征及其地质时代

天水渭北地区地处祁连与北秦岭造山带结合部位。通过详细的岩石学特征、接触关系、形变及变质特征研究证实,尽管岩体有较强烈的变质和变形作用,但岩体内保留有清晰的原生岩浆组构,岩体与围岩有清楚的侵入关系,因而从变质地层中识别和解体出来众多的变质花岗岩类。主要成岩期及代表性岩类有:晚元古代为片麻状正长花岗岩—二长花岗岩—花岗闪长岩,同位素年龄为953.4～1 450 Ma;震旦纪为片理化石英二长岩—石英闪长岩,同位素年龄为547 Ma。识别和解体出的这些变质花岗岩类,为进一步研究祁连和北秦岭两大构造单元的岩浆事件和构造演化提供了十分重要的信息。     

扬子陆块西缘中元古代晚期元谋花岗岩的时代、成因及构造意义

扬子陆块西缘晚中元古代地质演化史一直存在较大争议,本文选择以扬子西缘元谋杂岩中一套二长花岗岩为研究对象,开展岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学等综合研究,为认识和理解扬子西缘晚中元古代地质演化提供支撑。两件元谋二长花岗岩样品的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为1086±10 Ma（MSWD=1.4,n=50）和1099±10 Ma（MSWD=1.8,n=58）。所有样品具有高硅（SiO₂为69.44%~73.98%）、富碱（Na₂O+K₂O为6.11%~7.72%）、贫钙（CaO为0.39%~1.46%）、贫镁（MgO为0.52%~0.76%）、低钛（TiO₂为0.30%~0.59%）的特点,同时表现出强过铝质（A/CNK=1.19~1.35）及中钾钙碱性–钾玄岩系列特征。它们具有高的稀土元素总量（∑REE=211.60×10^-6~349.01×10^-6）,呈现轻稀土元素富集和重稀土元素亏损（（La/Yb）_N=4.32~7.36）;富集Rb、U、Th等大离子亲石元素和Zr、Th、Hf等,亏损Nb、Ta、Ba等元素,并具有明显的负Eu异常（δEu=0.46~0.59）,锆石饱和温度介于827~912℃之间,展示了A型花岗岩的属性。这些二长花岗岩可能是通过中上地壳的中酸性火成岩的部分熔融形成,结合前人的研究成果,它们最可能形成于弧后的伸展环境,综合扬子陆块周缘晚中元古代的岩浆记录,元谋杂岩中1.09 Ga二长花岗岩的形成应与扬子陆块开始参与Rodinia超大陆聚合有关。     

The drift history of the Dharwar Craton and India from 2.37 Ga to 1.01 Ga with refinements for an initial Rodinia configuration

Coupled paleomagnetic and geochronologic data derived from mafic dykes provide valuable records of continental movement. To reconstruct the Proterozoic paleogeographic history of Peninsular India, we report paleomagnetic directions and U-Pb zircon ages from twenty-nine mafic dykes in the Eastern Dharwar Craton near Hyderabad. Paleomagnetic analysis yielded clusters of directional data that correspond to dyke swarms at 2.37 Ga, 2.22 Ga, 2.08 Ga, 1.89–1.86 Ga, 1.79 Ga, and a previously undated dual polarity magnetization. We report new positive baked contact tests for the 2.08 Ga swarm and the 1.89–1.86 Ga swarm(s), and a new inverse baked contact test for the 2.08 Ga swarm. Our results promote the 2.08 Ga Dharwar Craton paleomagnetic pole (43.1° N, 184.5° E; A95 = 4.3°) to a reliability score of R = 7 and suggest a position for the Dharwar Craton at 1.79 Ga based on a virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) at 33.0° N, 347.5° E (a95 = 16.9°, k = 221, N = 2). The new VGP for the Dharwar Craton provides support for the union of the Dharwar, Singhbhum, and Bastar Cratons in the Southern India Block by at least 1.79 Ga. Combined new and published northeast-southwest moderate-steep dual polarity directions from Dharwar Craton dykes define a new paleomagnetic pole at 20.6° N, 233.1° E (A95 = 9.2°, N = 18; R = 5). Two dykes from this group yielded 1.05–1.01 Ga ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb zircon ages and this range is taken as the age of the new paleomagnetic pole. A comparison of the previously published poles with our new 1.05–1.01 Ga pole shows India shifting from equatorial to higher (southerly) latitudes from 1.08 Ga to 1.01 Ga as a component of Rodinia.     

内蒙古沙麦钨矿花岗岩岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

沙麦钨矿床位于内蒙古东乌旗地区,是该区目前已探明的中型岩浆热液型钨矿床。矿体主要赋存在黑云母二长花岗岩和黑云母二长花岗斑岩中,对这两种花岗质岩石的岩相学、岩石地球化学和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学进行了研究。结果表明,黑云母二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为135.6±1.6 Ma和136.3±1.8 Ma,黑云母二长花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄为138.6±1.1 Ma,二者侵位时间均为早白垩世。两种花岗质岩体具有富SiO₂(73.73%～78.23%)、高钾钠(Na₂O+K₂O)(7.56%～8.89%)、贫MgO(0.09%～0.20%)、贫CaO(0.51%～0.89%)、贫TiO₂(0.03%～0.12%)的特征,属于过铝质-高钾钙碱性系列;微量元素富集Rb、K、Th和U,相对亏损Sr、Ba、Nb、P和Ti元素,具有强烈的Eu负异常,具有较高的FeO^T含量,较高的FeO^T/MgO和FeO^T/(FeO^T+M...     

Geochronology, Geochemistry, Fluid Inclusion and C, O Isotope Compositions of Calcite Veins in the Paleogene of the Jiangling Basin, South China: Implications for Fluid Evolution and Brine Potash Mineralization

Deep-seated potassium-rich brines were identified in the Jiangling Basin, South China. Although magmatic-hydrothermal sources have been proposed, the relationship between brine-type potash mineralization and volcanism remains unclear. In this study, U-Pb geochronology, geochemistry, fluid inclusion and C-O isotopic compositions of hydrothermal vein minerals in the Jiangling Basin are examined. Laser ablation U-Pb dating of calcite veins indicates that the ages are slightly younger than the formation age of the Balingshan basalt. Fluid inclusions in hydrothermal minerals show medium–low homogenization temperatures (160–220°C) and low salinities (0.14 to 4.9 wt% NaCl eqv.) and densities (0.882–0.944 g/cm3). The liquid compositions of fluid inclusions in calcite veins from sedimentary strata have higher contents of potassium, compared with those from basalt. The coupled negative δ13CPDB (?10.3‰ to ?8.0‰) and positive δ18OSMOW (17.4‰ to 20.7‰) values imply that calcite precipitation resulted from CO2 degassing of the basaltic magmatic fluids, as indicated by the gas composition of these inclusions in hydrothermal minerals. Rare earth element patterns indicate that water-rock interaction between hydrothermal fluids and sedimentary wall rocks contributed to the calcite precipitation in sedimentary strata. It is proposed that high-temperature water-rock interaction between magmatic fluids and sedimentary strata resulted in the potassium enrichment in fluids, interpreted as one of the sources of potassium-rich brines in the Jiangling Basin.