Forced vibrations of rectangular plates subjected to harmonic loading distributed over a rectangular subdomain

Quite frequently naval and ocean structural designers confront the problem of a plate or slab which supports a motor or engine which excites, dynamically, the structural element. Very often the excitation is treated as a concentrated force but, obviously, it acts over a finite area. The present study deals with the title problem for several combinations of boundary conditions by means of a variational approach and also using the finite element method. Dynamic displacement and bending moment amplitudes are determined.     

Hydroelastic analysis of flexible floating interconnected structures

Three-dimensional hydroelasticity theory is used to predict the hydroelastic response of flexible floating interconnected structures. The theory is extended to take into account hinge rigid modes, which are calculated from a numerical analysis of the structure based on the finite element method. The modules and connectors are all considered to be flexible, with variable translational and rotational connector stiffness. As a special case, the response of a two-module interconnected structure with very high connector stiffness is found to compare well to experimental results for an otherwise equivalent continuous structure. This model is used to study the general characteristics of hydroelastic response in flexible floating interconnected structures, including their displacement and bending moments under various conditions. The effects of connector and module stiffness on the hydroelastic response are also studied, to provide information regarding the optimal design of such structures.     

Density distribution functions and correlations of earthquake parameters

The statistical analysis of the source parameters of 9 earthquake sets of different types (aftershocks, scattered events, swarms) and of different seismic regions shows that the density distribution function (ddf) of the linear dimension l of a fault is represented by a negative power law, as well as the ddf of the static stress drop σ and of the scalar seismic moment M_o. It is then suggested, and tentatively verified, that also the ddf of the root mean square ground acceleration, defined as a function of l and σ, may be represented by a negative power law and that, at least in the cases examined, it scales like the ddf of σ. It is seen that the variability of the static stress drop is significant from one region to another, as is well known, but it seems remarkable also in the same seismic region (in particular in California, σ varies by several orders of magnitude) and in the different sets of events of a given region (as observed again for California). It is hypothesized that a correlation, although weak, between the stress drop and the linear dimension of a fault exists and the analyses seem not to contradict that σ may be a decreasing function of l. Finally, it is suggested that the seismicity of a region may be represented two-dimensionally as a function of the ddf of the stress drop and of the linear dimension of a fault instead of the classic b and b_o values.     

Modified Weibull-derived spectrum for deep water significant wave height estimation

The modified Weibull spectrum is utilized to calculate the zeroth spectral moment (m_o) using Monte Carlo integration methods. Then significant wave height (H_s) is calculated using the formula This is validated with observed buoy data and numerical wave model (WAM) predicted significant wave heights. The Weibull parameters have been calculated using energy densities from observed spectra recorded by DS5 buoy (13.80° N, 82.52° E, depth 3355.48 m) by the method of maximum likelihood (MLE).The relative root mean square error (RRMS) and relative bias error criteria show that modified Weibull spectrum estimated significant wave heights are better than those predicted by WAM model. The monthly averaged observed wave power spectra for the year 2005 recorded by deep water buoy DS5 is considered in this work. The spectra exhibit bimodal sea states for several months of the year.     

水平荷载下桩的可靠性分析

由于桩及桩周土的材料性能参数的不确定性,桩的响应也是不确定的。在考虑桩的水平荷载、桩周土反力及桩的刚度等不确定因素情况下,采用一阶可靠度分析方法对水平受荷桩的最大弯矩及桩顶的最大位移进行了可靠性分析,进 而,考虑分布参数的不确定性,用点估计法预估桩的失效概率,对给定的p-y曲线进行桩的可靠性分析。研究表明,在失效概率相对较低的情况下,水平荷载下基桩的失效概率与随机变量的分布类型假定有较大关系,随机变量分布参量的不确定性只会对桩的失效概率产生较小的影响。     

近海取水工程板桩墙安全性离心模型试验研究

板桩墙明沟结构是海岸电厂取水工程的一种结构型式。根据电厂取水工程初步设计方案,对电厂取水工程结构进行离心模型试验研究,分析板桩墙结构在波浪荷载作用下的安全性。试验表明,悬臂式斜拉桩板桩墙结构在设计最大波浪荷载作用下会产生较大的水平位移,墙身弯矩较大;引起板桩墙位移、弯矩的主要荷载是海床面以上的波浪荷载,板桩墙承载力主要由桩墙被动侧土体抗力提供。工程中板桩墙入土深度的增加不能有效改善墙体水平位移和墙身弯矩,不会提高板桩墙结构的承载能力。     

Accounting for high-order correlations in probabilistic characterization of environmental variables,and evaluation

Probabilistic characterization of environmental variables or data typically involves distributional fitting. Correlations, when present in variables or data, can considerably complicate the fitting process. In this work, effects of high-order correlations on distributional fitting were examined, and how they are technically accounted for was described using two multi-dimensional formulation methods: maximum entropy (ME) and Koehler–Symanowski (KS). The ME method formulates a least-biased distribution by maximizing its entropy, and the KS method uses a formulation that conserves specified marginal distributions. Two bivariate environmental data sets, ambient particulate matter and water quality, were chosen for illustration and discussion. Three metrics (log-likelihood function, root-mean-square error, and bivariate Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic) were used to evaluate distributional fit. Bootstrap confidence intervals were also employed to help inspect the degree of agreement between distributional and sample moments. It is shown that both methods are capable of fitting the data well and have the potential for practical use. The KS distributions were found to be of good quality, and using the maximum likelihood method for the parameter estimation of a KS distribution is computationally efficient.     

水平荷载下黄土地基单片地下连续墙现场试验研究

基于墙顶水平荷载作用下黄土地基中单片地下连续墙的现场试验,分析和研究了地下连续墙的水平受力变形特性,得出了在不同荷载作用下墙身各截面弯矩、水平位移及墙侧土抗力等沿墙深的分布规律。结果表明,在水平荷载下墙体上部的1/3段受荷载的影响最为显著,墙身水平位移及转角沿墙深非线性衰减,并随墙顶荷载的增加而增大;墙身弯矩及墙侧土抗力最大值发生在地表以下一定深度范围内,随荷载的增加其最大值及0值点沿墙身逐渐向下迁移,且土抗力-位移曲线呈现双曲线的特征;墙体剪力在地表处最大,沿墙身向下呈非线性变化。     

Probabilistic evaluation of seismic performance of 3‐story 3D one‐ and two‐way steel moment‐frame structures

This paper presents the results of a probabilistic evaluation of the seismic performance of 3D steel moment‐frame structures. Two types of framing system are considered: one‐way frames typical of construction in the United States and two‐way frames typical of construction in Japan. For each framing system, four types of beam–column connections are considered: pre‐Northridge welded‐flange bolted‐web, post‐Northridge welded‐flange welded‐web, reduced‐beam‐section, and bolted‐flange‐plate connections. A suite of earthquake ground motions is used to compute the annual probability of exceedence (APE) for a series of drift demand levels and for member plastic‐rotation capacity. Results are compared for the different framing systems and connection details. It is found that the two‐way frames, which have a larger initial stiffness and strength than the one‐way frames for the same beam and column volumes, have a smaller APE for small drift demands for which members exhibit no or minimal yielding, but have a larger APE for large drift demands for which members exhibit large plastic rotations. However, the one‐way frames, which typically comprise a few seismic frames with large‐sized members that have relatively small rotation capacities, may have a larger APE for member failure. The probabilistic approach presented in this study may be used to determine the most appropriate frame configuration to meet an owner's performance objectives. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于有限元的弯矩计算中若干问题探讨

在岩土工程的数值计算中,除了将岩土材料本身划分为实体单元外,设置在岩土体中,与岩土材料相互作用的其他材料也常常划分为实体单元,比如桩基、堤坝防渗墙和面板等。由于对桩基、防渗墙等往往需要利用内力和弯矩进行设计,这就提出了如何利用有限元得到的应力和位移信息计算结构弯矩的问题。通过对一悬臂梁的计算分析就这一问题进行探讨,发现用应力计算弯矩为提高精度需要划分较多单元。用位移计算可以减少单元划分的工作量,但计算易出现振荡,结果不可靠。同时,对剪切闭锁现象等进行了探讨。