新疆博罗科努地区志留系库茹尔组头足类等化石的发现及其时代讨论

志留系在博罗科努山地区分布比较广泛,且厚度巨大,岩性、岩相稳定。但对其内部划分,尤其是中、上部,缺乏标准化石作为依据。1988年笔者在原划归上统的库茹尔组中,首次采到角石Sichuanoceras sp., Parahelenites cf. rarus和三叶虫Encrinurus sp.等化石。因而库茹尔组很可能属志留系中统,而非上统。     

河北平泉光头山碱性花岗岩体的形成时代

光头山碱性花岗岩体位于河北省与内蒙古自治区交界处的平泉县北部,地理坐标为东经118°27′北纬41°17′。岩体出露面积约20km²,四周为太古代变质岩(图1)。岩石为灰白色中细粒花岗结构,含椭圆状、次圆状的细粒暗色包体,还有晚期的含碱性矿物的伟晶囊状体。主要造岩矿物有碱性长石、石英、钠铁闪石、霓辉石,副矿物主要有钠铁非石(Aenigmatite)、羟铁云母、硅铈铁矿、褐帘石、星叶石等。     

山东沂水杂岩中变基性岩类的Sm—Nd同位素年龄及其地质意义

在山东太古宙沂水杂岩的变基性岩类中首次获得的Sm-Nd全岩等时线同位素年龄为2997Ma,证实了山东中部的郯庐断裂带中有中太古代麻粒岩相表壳岩存在。沂水杂岩的岩石组合主要有二辉斜长麻粒岩、二辉斜长片麻岩、二辉铁英岩(少量)、二辉斜长角闪岩和紫苏花岗岩类等,它们组成了山东最老的汞丹山地块,其时代大致相当于胶东群,但层位可能更为偏下。沂水杂岩为高角闪岩相至麻粒岩相。变基性岩的原岩相当低钾拉斑玄武岩,稀土配分具有较平坦型和轻稀土富集型两种模式。岩石的ε_(Nd)(t)值为+3.8±0.3,物源来自亏损(上)地幔。它与华北陆台北缘麻粒岩相中部分岩石的岩性十分相似,表明其源区的化学特征相似,但主体的稀土模式有所不同,说明太古宙不同地区相似岩石地球化学的不均匀性。     

内蒙古乌拉特后旗查干花钼矿锆石U-Pb和辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄及其地质意义

内蒙古乌拉特后旗查干花钼多金属矿为华北陆块宝音图岩浆弧内的一处具有大型规模的隐伏矿床。钼矿体呈隐伏状赋存于二叠纪花岗闪长岩体与宝音图群二云石英片岩外接触带,大致呈不规则厚层状、脉状及网脉状,近NW向展布。发育钾化、云英岩化和绿泥石化等围岩蚀变,具斑岩型矿床蚀变分带特征。对与钼成矿关系密切的花岗闪长岩开展LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得加权平均年龄为(257.2±1.3)Ma,表明查干花花岗闪长岩体形成于晚二叠世。对辉钼矿开展了Re-Os同位素测年,获得辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为(238.6±4.4) Ma,模式年龄为(240.0±1.6) Ma,限定查干花钼矿是印支早期构造-岩浆活动的产物。辉钼矿Re含量为64 502×10^-9~245 621×10^-9,推测其成矿物质为壳幔混合来源。     

西藏班公湖-怒江结合带中段早白垩世花岗闪长斑岩年龄、Hf同位素及地球化学特征

西藏班公湖-怒江结合带中段分布大量早白垩世岩浆岩,其岩浆源区和岩石成因与班公湖-怒江洋的演化密切相关。对班公湖-怒江结合带中段东卡错地体发现的花岗闪长斑岩进行了系统的岩相学、年代学和地球化学研究。锆石U-Pb年龄结果显示,花岗闪长斑岩成岩时代为早白垩世(109.4±1.9 Ma)。样品显示出较高的SiO 2(67.40%~69.48%)和Al2O 3(15.66%~15.81%)含量及较低的Mg#值(19.03~21.48),具有高钾钙碱性系列岩浆岩特征;稀土元素总量较低(ΣREE=196.45×10^-6~207.6×10^-6),轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损,轻、重稀土元素分异明显,且具有较明显的负Eu异常(δEu平均值为0.64);微量元素蛛网图总体呈右倾的锯齿状,富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素;锆石εHf(t)均为负值且变化范围不大(-4.21^-10.59),对应的Hf模式年龄t2DM在1438~1842 Ma之间,显示古老地壳的特征。综合以上特征并结合区域资料分析,认为东卡错地体发现的花岗闪长斑岩为I型花岗岩,来源于古老下地壳的部分熔融,可能是东卡错地体与北拉萨地体或聂荣地体/南羌塘碰撞过程中板片断离岩浆活动的产物。     

Age of granitic activity associated with copper–molybdenum mineralization at Malanjkhand, Central India

The Malanjkhand copper–molybdenum deposit in the Bhandara Craton, Central India, is hosted by a granite complex which consists of regionally dominant grey granitoid and pink granitoid confined to the mineralized zone. New SHRIMP RG data on zircons from both granite types are inferred to have crystallized during the same magmatic pulse at ca 2.48 Ga. The discrepancy between zircon age and earlier obtained Rb–Sr whole-rock age is attributed to modification of the Rb–Sr system by hydrothermal overprint. Similarity in petrographic features and chemical affinity in combination with identical age strongly indicate that the pink granite is the hydrothermally altered variety (microclinization and silicification) of the grey granite. The spatially associated, main Cu–Mo mineralization event at Malankhand appears to be broadly contemporaneous with and genetically related to the emplacement of the host granitoids at about 2.48 Ga.     

Relationship between wave steepness and wave age in the course of wind wave growth

It is traditionally assumed that the relationship between wave steepness and wave age is independent of the wind wave growth state. In fact, the traditional relationship can not describe the whole course of wind wave growth. This paper assumes that the relationship between wave steepness and wave age changes with the variety of dimensionless fetch. Based on the relationship proposed by Hou and Wen (1990), a new relationship in the course of wind wave growth is revealed. Comparisons between the present study and other previous relationships show that this new relationship explains better the observations than the other existing relationships.In the case of small fetch, wave age value increases more quickly than other models while it is in opposition to that in the case of large fetch. The result in present paper can clearly reflect the whole course of wind wave growth, it is an improvement for traditional results.     

Progress of loess research in China

Progress in Chinese loess research made in recent 15 years was introduced in this paper, including mainly distribution and paleoenvironment significance of Chinese loess, new development of loess formation age, red-brown paleosol types and environmental change, loess-paleosol sequence and climate cycles, monsoon strength change during last interglacial and last glacial periods in the Loess Plateau, climate events, and source areas of loess and material.     

Timing of post-collisional H-type to A-type granitic magmatism: U–Pb titanite ages from the Alpine central Anatolian granitoids (Turkey)

The last stages of the continental collision during the closure of the Neotethyan ocean in central Anatolia are characterized by post-collisional H- and A-type granitoids intruding both the metamorphic country rocks and allochthonous ophiolitic rocks of the central Anatolian crystalline complex. Available Rb–Sr and K–Ar whole-rock and mineral age data on the H- and A-type granitoids in central Anatolia are inconsistent. To better constrain the geological relevance and the timing of the change in the chemical character of magmatism in the wake of the Alpine orogeny in Anatolia, we re-evaluated the geochemical characteristics and dated titanite from representative H- (Baranadag quartz-monzonite: BR) and A-type (Çamsari quartz-syenite: CS) granitoids by the U–Pb method. BR is a high-K calc-alkaline intrusion with mafic microgranular enclaves and shows enrichment of LILE relative to HFSE. The alkaline CS displays higher SiO₂, Na₂O+K₂O, Fe/Mg, Rb, Th and HFSE with corresponding depletion in CaO, MgO, Fe₂O₃^tot, P₂O₅, Ba, Sr, and Ti. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the BR and CS samples have LREE-enriched and flat HREE patterns, whereas CS differs from BR by higher LREE enrichment and lower MREE and HREE contents. Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics suggest that BR and CS were not products of the same magma source. BR was derived from a subduction-modified depleted hybrid-source and CS had an enriched mantle source with significant crustal contribution. The U–Pb titanite ages of the H-type central Anatolian granitoids (BR) and the A-type granitoids (CS) are 74.0±2.8 and 74.1±0.7 Ma, respectively. The coeval evolution of post-collisional/calc-alkaline H- to A-type magmatism was possibly associated with source heterogeneity and variable involvement of continental materials during the evolution of these granitoids. These new age data constrain the timing of the onset of a post-collision extensional period following the Alpine thickening within the passive margin of the Tauride–Anatolide platform, which occurred before the opening of the latest Cretaceous central Anatolian basins.An erratum to this article can be found at     

青藏高原北缘银石山地区地貌年代学初步研究

青藏高原北缘银石山地区可划分出7类一级地貌类型：强抬升断块区、弱抬升断块区、低丘区、早期夷平面残留区、晚期准夷平面分布区、冲洪积平原、残积缓丘区等。通过相关沉积物的光释光和石英电子自旋共振年龄以及覆于早期夷平面、后期山丘、夷平低地或堆积台面等之上的火山岩年龄测年,重塑了晚新生代以来的地貌演化过程：中新世中晚期—上新世中期为主夷平面发育时期,上新世晚期(3．7Ma)主夷平面解体,强(弱)抬升断块区和低丘山地等开始形成。早更新世早期在低丘区中形成夷平低地或堆积台面,中后期抬升断块区与低丘区相间的地表形貌特征进一步强化。中更新世早期(0．64Ma)残积缓丘区形成,中期(0．43Ma)嵩华山北面形成一级冰斗,中后期(0．365Ma)低丘区主要斜坡地貌成型,末期(0．178Ma)强抬升断块区的主要沟谷地貌基本成型。晚更新世以来主要河流阶地形成,其间在0．037Ma前后冲洪积平原形成。