山东东营凹陷新近系地层水化学场特征及油气意义*

为揭示中国东部新生代浅部地层水化学场响应及油气意义,在东营凹陷新近系试油资料统计分析的基础上,对东营凹陷新近系的水化学场特征进行了研究。结果表明,与古近系沙河街组三段与四段封闭性滞留型水化学场特征明显不同,新近系馆陶组和明化镇组总体以低矿化度的NaHCO₃型地层水为主体（矿化度小于5 g/L）;其水化学剖面宏观上具有一定的分带性,大致可以划分为3种水文环境：强开放性水文流畅带(0～0.7km)、弱开放性水文阻滞过渡带(0.7～1.1km)和相对封闭性水文迟缓带(＞1.1km);在不同的水化学作用带,水岩作用和地层水矿化度、离子和离子参数具有不同的响应;东营凹陷新近系Ca相对海水富集(Ca_excess)和Na相对海水亏损(Na_deficient)的定量关系Ca_excess≤0.2367Na_deficient-0.6261,显示出明显的钠亏损特征,钙富集量也远低于世界盆地流体线(Basin Fluid Line,BFL;Davisson,1996)所代表的富集量,与同凹陷古近系沙三、沙四段封闭性水文地质系统中钠相对富集特征也明显不同,反映了地层水蒸发浓缩作用弱及与地表水交替活动强烈的水文地质作用特征;地层水化学场的分布影响了原油密度和天然气的分布规律,使得东营凹陷新近系原油密度与天然气相对密度在剖面上的分布规律与地层水分有良好的一致性。     

A population of very young brown dwarfs and free-floating planets in Orion

We describe the results of a very deep imaging survey of the Trapezium cluster in the IJH bands, using the UKIRT high-resolution camera UFTI. Approximately 32 per cent of the 515 point sources detected are brown dwarf candidates, including several free-floating objects with masses below the deuterium-burning (planetary) threshold at 0.013 M_⊙, which are detectable because of their extreme youth. We have confidence that almost all the sources detected are cluster members, since foreground contamination is minimal in the 33-arcmin² area surveyed, and the dense backdrop of OMC-1 obscures all background stars at these wavelengths. Extinction is calculated from the ( J − H ) colours, permitting accurate luminosity estimates, and temperatures are derived from the dereddened ( I − J ) colours. There is some evidence for a cut-off in the luminosity function below the level corresponding to several Jupiter masses, which may represent the bottom end of the initial mass function . Since star formation is complete in the Trapezium, this limit could have wide significance, if confirmed. However, it could well be an effect of the dispersal of the molecular cloud by the central O-type stars, a process for which the time-scale will vary between star formation regions.     

盆山转换与沉积地质记录——以楚雄前陆盆地分析为例

楚雄盆地位于扬子陆块的西南边缘,为一中生代周缘型前陆盆地。根据沉积相特征、层序地层结构和古地理演化的详细研究,结合古哀牢山造山带的构造演化,笔者认为楚雄盆地经历了从古生代被动大陆边缘沉积到中生代前陆盆地沉积的演化。前陆盆地演化的阶段性明显:晚三叠世卡尼期(云南驿组沉积期)和诺利早、中期(罗家大山组沉积期)为前陆复理石沉积;诺利晚期(花果山组沉积期)—古新世(赵家店组沉积期)为前陆磨拉石沉积。磨拉石沉积可分为海相含煤磨拉石和陆相红色磨拉石两种类型。其中陆相磨拉石沉积时间跨度长,分布面积广,沉积厚度大,沉积演化可细分为盆地成形、强烈沉降、回返充填和萎缩消亡四个阶段。随着逆冲造山楔的不断向上生长和向克拉通方向加载,楚雄前陆盆地经历了一个早期向上突然加深、变细和晚期向上变浅、变粗的沉积充填过程;盆地由早期复理石沉积演变为晚期磨拉石沉积;盆地基底形态由早期的窄而深演化为晚期的宽而浅;分布于造山楔前缘的盆地沉降与沉积中心也不断地向北东克拉通方向迁移。古流向、岩石学和岩石地球化学数据都显示楚雄前陆盆地沉积物的主要物源区为古哀牢山造山带,其次为东部隆起带,因此,盆地沉积物的供给具有明显的双物源特征。     

东营凹陷高青-平南断裂带幔源流体活动特征及其成藏效应

东营凹陷高青-平南断裂带为幔源流体运移的主要通道,该幔源流体主要为岩浆(岩)和CO2气体。高青-平南断裂带幔源流体活动方式和活动强度存在着时间和空间上的差异,该断裂带在古近纪-新近纪至少经历了四期富CO2幔源流体活动。高青-平南断裂带富CO2幔源流体对油气成藏的影响主要表现在：①直接形成无机CO2气藏;②通过能量——热的作用和物质,即CO2的加入,影响水-岩相互作用的强度和方向,从而改善油气储集层的物性;③在一定程度上提高源岩的排烃效率,增加油气的运移速率。     

The near-infrared variable source IRAS 04000+5052 is a small, compact star forming region

The near-infrared variable source, IRAS 04000+5052, was observed using the Italian 1.5 m TIRGO infrared telescope, located in the Gornergrat Observatory, Switzerland. High-resolution images were obtained in the JHK broad bands and H₂ S(1) 1-0, Br_γ narrow bands. Photometry and astrometry were also carried out. From the observations, it is found that IRAS source is not a single young object, but a small-sized, compact star-forming region with many young objects. Even in such a small and compact region, stars are not formed at the same time.     

Numerical simulation of crack formation process in clays during drying and wetting

Clays generally crack upon drying and the cracks gradually close up because of expansion of the clays induced by rainfall infiltration. Based on the concept of air drainage ratio, we introduce an improved simplified consolidation theory for unsaturated soils and apply it to solve the crack formation problem. We present initial conditions, special consideration, and finite-element (FEM) formulations for simulation of cracks under axisymmetric conditions. Similar to finding solutions for sand-well consolidation problems, a prism of clays surrounded by polygonal distributed cracks is simplified as a cylinder. Numerical simulations using the FEM formulations are performed on the processes of crack occurrence, propagation, and closure during drying and wetting. To investigate the influence of air drainage ratio distribution, three different schemes are adopted for computation. It is found that the behaviour of cracks in clays during drying and wetting can be well represented using the approach proposed in the paper. The simplified consolidation theory used in the paper for unsaturated soils is more suitable for crack analysis than the general consolidation theory currently applied.