BOOK REVIEWS

Books Reviewed in this article: Lob Trees in the Wilderness . Clifford and Isabel Ahlgren . Satellite Microwave Remote Sensing . T. D. Allan , ed. Sunbelt Cities: Politics and Growth Since World War II . Richard M. Bernard and Bradley R. Rice , eds. Legacy of Minneapolis: Preservation Amid Change . John R. Borchert , David Gebhard , David Lanegran , and Judith A. Martin . Bloomington, MN: Preparing a Historic Preservation Ordinance. Richard J. Roddewig . The Mountains of Northeastern Tasmania, A Study of Alpine Geomorphology . Nel Caine . Introductory Cartography . John Campbell . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Changing Climate . Manual of Remote Sensing, Second Edition . 2 Vols. Robert N. Colwell , ed.-in-chief; David S. Simonett and John E. Estes , vol. eds. Remote Sensing in Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology . A. P. Cracknell , ed. Multidimensional Scaling . Mark L. Davison . Environmental Karst . Percy H. Dougherty , ed. The Urban Environment . Ian Douglas . Geomorphology of Europe . Clifford Embleton , ed. An Introduction to South Asia . B. H. Farmer . Great Geological Controversies . A. Hallam . Hazardous Waste Management: In Whose Backyard? Michalann Harthill , ed. Energy for Subsistence . Margaret Haswell . Perspective on Ratzel's Political Geography . James M. Hunter . Economic Deposits and their Tectonic Setting . Charles S. Hutchison . Energy Risk Assessment . Herbert Inhaber . Discovering the Vernacular Landscape . John Brinckerhoff Jackson . Climate and Energy Systems: A Review of Their Interactions . Jill Jäger . Dilemmas in Regional Policy . Antoni Kuklinski and J. G. Lambooy , eds. California Farmland: A History of Large Agricultural Landholdings . Ellen Liebman . The Spatial Organization of New Land Settlement in Latin America . Jacob O. Maos . Dark Continent: Africa as Seen by Americans . Michael McCarthy . Westport, CT: Climatology: An Introduction . John E. Oliver and John J. Hidore . Columbus, OH: The Geography of Warfare . Patrick O'Sullivan and Jesse W. Miller . The Expanding City. Essays in Honour of Professor Jean Gottmann . John Patten , ed. Scotland's Environment During the Last 30,000 Years . Robert J. Price . Integrated Urban Models . S. H. Putman . Development and the Environmental Crisis: Red or Green Alternatives? Michael Redclift .     

西藏拉萨地体榴辉岩的地球化学特征和Sm-Nd、Rb-Sr同位素组成及其地质意义

最近在青藏高原拉萨地体新发现了一条榴辉岩带,该榴辉岩带位于冈底斯岩浆岛弧带的北缘。对该带榴辉岩的岩石地球化学特征及SmNd、RbSr同位素组成研究表明： ① 该带榴辉岩的原岩主要是一套低钾的大洋拉斑系列玄武岩,其原岩类似于典型的NMORB,源于亏损地幔; ② 该带榴辉岩样品 （87Sr/86Sr）i＝0.70335~0.70457,变化范围较大,且与εNd（t）值及微量元素特征均没有好的对应关系,可能是由于该套岩石形成于大洋环境,形成后遭受了海水的蚀变作用;（3）该带榴辉岩全岩的SmNd等时线年龄为305.5±50Ma （2σ）,（143Nd/144Nd）i＝0.5126±0.00007 （2σ）,表明该带榴辉岩可能形成于早石炭－晚二叠世,在这一时期冈底斯北缘可能存在古特提斯洋盆及古特提斯洋盆深俯冲作用。     

Basin- and Mountain-Building Dynamic Model of “Ramping-Detachment-Compression” in the West Kunlun-Southern Tarim Basin Margin

Analysis of the deformation structures in the West Kunlun-Tarim basin-range junction belt indicates that sediments in the southwestern Tarim depression were mainly derived from the West Kunlun Mountains and that with time the region of sedimentation extended progressivdy toward the north. Three north-underthrusting （subducting）, steep-dipping, high-velocity zones （bodies） are recognized at depths, which correspond to the central West Kunlun junction belt （bounded by the Kiida-Kaxtax fault on the north and Bulungkol-Kangxiwar fault on the south）, Quanshuigou fault belt （whose eastward extension is the Jinshajiang fault belt） and Bangong Co-Nujiang fault belt. The geodynamic process of the basin-range junction belt generally proceeded as follows： centering around the magma source region （which largely corresponds with the Karatag terrane at the surface）, the deep-seated material flowed and extended from below upward and to all sides, resulting in strong deformation （mainly extension） in the overlying lithosphere and even the upper mantle, appearance of extensional stress perpendicular to the strike of the orogenic belt in the thermal uplift region or at the top of the mantle diapir and localized thickening of the sedimentary cover （thermal subsidence in the upper crust）. Three stages of the basin- and mountain-forming processes in the West Kunlun-southern Tarim basin margin may be summarized： （1） the stage of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous rampingrapid uplift and rapid subsidence, when north-directed thrust propagation and south-directed intracontinental subduction, was the dominant mechanism for basin- and mountain-building processes; （2） the stage of Late Cretaceous-Paleogene deep-level detachment-slow uplift and homogeneous subsidence, when the dominant mechanism for the basin- and mountain-forming processes was detachment （subhorizontal north-directed deep-level ductile shear） and its resulting lateral propagation of deep material; and （3） the stage of Neogene-pre     

论ICT时代的地图学复兴

在ICT技术推动下,地图学的发展迎来空前的挑战,本文针对当前地图学的发展面临的问题和转变,深入分析传统地图学的限制——物理空间的传统约束,面向现代地图的形式松散化,从现实与虚拟、外表与内里、纸质与电子等8个方面论述现代地图学信息空间的数字自由,并针对数字时代和大数据的发展机遇和需求,拓展地图学框架,同化新兴元素,推动地图学复兴。     

P-T evolution of eclogites from the Agualada Unit (Ordenes Complex, northwest Iberian Massif, Spain): Implications for crustal subduction

Eclogite lenses in the Agualada Unit (western Ordenes Complex, Spain) contain the peak mineral assemblage garnet (prograde rim: Alm = 48 mol%, Prp = 30 mol%), omphacite (Jd max = 36 mol%), quartz, rutile and rare zoisite, which equilibrated at T = 700 °C and P > 12–14 kbar. Garnet shows discontinuous growth zoning, with a pyrope-poor intermediate zone (Alm = 51 mol%, Prp = 10 mol%) between a core zone where pyrope is slightly higher (Alm = 46 mol%, Prp = 16 mol%) and areas just inward from the rims where the maximum pyrope contents (Alm = 48 mol%, Prp = 30 mol%) are recorded. In atoll interiors, garnet contains inclusions of a first generation of omphacite (Jd max = 40 mol%). This omphacite is replaced in the matrix by a second generation (Jd max = 36 mol%) with higher Fe/Fe + Mg ratio. The compositions of garnet and omphacite suggest a complex syneclogitic tectonothermal evolution for the Agualada Unit, characterized by: (1) eclogite-facies metamorphism (T = 585 °C, P > 12–13 kbar), followed by (2) cooling during a slight decompression (T = 500 °C, P > 11–12 kbar), and (3) a final increase in P and T to form the garnet rim-matrix omphacite mineral assemblage. The Agualada Unit is part of a subduction complex which affected the Gondwana margin at the beginning of the Variscan cycle. The P-T evolution of the Agualada eclogites is closely related to the structural evolution of the accretionary complex and the whole orogenic wedge. The cooling event recorded by the Agualada eclogites may have resulted from the accretion of a new colder crustal slice under the unit, whereas the final progradation reflects the emplacement of the Agualada Unit directly under the mantle wedge. This evolution fits well with previously presented the retical models, both for the tectonothermal evolution of accretionary complexes and for the dynamic evolution of orogenic wedges. P-T paths such as the one for the Agualada Unit eclogites, probably reflect a prolonged structural evolution. Although evidently rarely preserved, such paths are probably the rule rather than the exception during plate convergence.     

泛滥平原沉积物的超低密度采样代表性研究(一)

运用１个样／１ｋｍ２、１个组合样／４ｋｍ２，１个样／（１００～１０００）ｋｍ２、１个样／（１０００～１００００）ｋｍ２的采样密度系统研究了泛滥平原沉积物的超低密度采样代表性。通过对Ｓｂ、Ａｓ、Ａｇ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｎ、Ｎａ２Ｏ元素的地球化学分布模式，Ｗ的地球化学特征在不同采样密度间的信息传递，证明了用１个样／（１０００～１００００）ｋｍ２的采样密度，采集的泛滥平原沉积物具有代表性     

全球超大型斑岩铜矿浅析

燕山-喜马拉雅期构造运动，引起印度板块与欧亚板块剧烈碰撞、太平洋板块向东俯冲与美洲大陆向西漂移，产生了"加厚旋涌"效应，即下地壳的加厚并深插上地幔软流圈，改变了软流圈运动方式而上涌，伴随强烈的岩浆活动和成矿物质上涌，完成了大规模成矿作用，在特提斯-喜马拉雅地区和太平洋东部边缘产出世界级超大型斑岩铜矿系列.初步提出太平洋东部边缘成矿作用明显超过特提斯-喜马拉雅地区原因.     

东秦岭燕山期大陆内部挤压—俯冲背景的A型孪生花岗岩带

按照花岗岩浆形成的不同方式、条件和过程可将花岗岩分成同熔和改造两个不同的成岩系列。以此为前提,我们发现同时代两个系列花岗岩带常平行成对分布,并与相应时期的B型俯冲或陆内俯冲带构成有规律的平行排布序列;据此提出了孪生花岗岩带的概念,并确定有A型、B型和AB型三种分带型式。本文以东秦岭燕山期孪生花岗岩带为例,系统阐述了产于陆内挤压-俯冲背景下A型孪生花岗岩带的特征、成因及其形成的构造模式,提出A型孪生花岗岩带是陆内挤压-俯冲的必然产物。