青藏高原西部蛇绿岩中玻安岩(boninite)及其地质意义

简要报道了在青藏高原西部班公湖蛇绿岩带和狮泉河蛇绿岩带之间的火山岩中识别出的玻安岩。玻安岩是俯冲岩浆作用的产物,在青藏高原东部及周边地区已有玻安岩或玻安岩系岩石存在的报道。结合西部出现的玻安岩说明青藏高原地区俯冲作用普遍存在。玻安岩的形成时代为J₂-K₁,埃达克岩的形成时代为K₁,由J₂-K₁,的玻安岩至K₁的埃达克岩反映冈底斯北部岛弧带由不成熟的洋内弧向成熟岛弧转变的过程,它们是中生代冈底斯北部大陆水平生长(侧向增生)的记录。     

Geodynamic Information in Peridotite Petrology

Systematic differences are observed in the petrology and majorelement geochemistry of natural peridotite samples from thesea floor near oceanic ridges and subduction zones, the mantlesection of ophiolites, massif peridotites, and xenoliths ofcratonic mantle in kimberlite. Some of these differences reflectvariable temperature and pressure conditions of melt extraction,and these have been calibrated by a parameterization of experimentaldata on fertile mantle peridotite. Abyssal peridotites are examplesof cold residues produced at oceanic ridges. High-MgO peridotitesfrom the Ronda massif are examples of hot residues producedin a plume. Most peridotites from subduction zones and ophiolitesare too enriched in SiO₂ and too depleted in Al₂O₃ to be residues,and were produced by melt–rock reaction of a precursorprotolith. Peridotite xenoliths from the Japan, Cascades andChile–Patagonian back-arcs are possible examples of arcprecursors, and they have the characteristics of hot residues.Opx-rich cratonic mantle is similar to subduction zone peridotites,but there are important differences in FeO_T. Opx-poor xenolithsof cratonic mantle were hot residues of primary magmas with16–20% MgO, and they may have formed in either ancientplumes or hot ridges. Cratonic mantle was not produced as aresidue of Archean komatiites. KEY WORDS: peridotite; residues; fractional melting; abyssal; cratonic mantle; subduction zone; ophiolite; potential temperature; plumes; hot ridges     

云南大坪金矿区煌斑岩的地球化学特征及成因探讨

大坪金矿区闪长岩体中发育多条煌斑岩脉,并且多伴随石英脉出现。在岩石化学组成上,SiO2含量为44.86%~54.10%、K2O/Na2O在0.56~2.09之间,属钾玄质系列;岩石富集大离子亲石元素(Sr、U、Rb和Ba)和轻稀土元素(LREE)、相对亏损高场强元素(Ta、Nb和Ti),且Ta、Nb和Ti具"TNT"负异常;δEu值为0.72~1.36,负Eu异常不明显;87Sr/86Sr值范围为0.706 6~0.707 4,均值0.707 1,高于原始地幔现代值0.704 5;143Nd/144Nd值范围为0.512 4~0.512 5,均值0.512 4,低于原始地幔现代值0.512 638;εNd值范围为-2.5~-4.2,均值-3.98。Nb/Ta比值为48.96~82.58(平均62.99),远高于原始地幔值的17.5±2.0;Zr/Hf比值为20.45~47.53(平均39.57),略高于原始地幔值的36.27±2.0;Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf都远大于陆壳值11和33。表明煌斑岩源区可能来自早期俯冲洋壳或造山带根部拆沉组分脱水形成富集流体在地幔源区发生交代作用形成的富集地幔,岩浆在上升侵位过程中受到地壳物质的混染较弱,形成于碰撞后的板内构造环境。     

藏南冈底斯岩基日多地区花岗岩体形成时代和地球化学特征

冈底斯岩基广泛发育三叠纪-中新世的岩浆岩,是研究与新特提斯洋北向俯冲和印度-欧亚大陆碰撞相关的构造岩浆作用特征的天然实验室。日多地区花岗岩体位于藏南墨竹工卡县东侧日多乡附近,其主体为花岗岩,被花岗闪长玢岩脉侵入。锆石U-Pb地质年代学表明:主体花岗岩形成于62.7±0.5Ma,侵入其中的花岗闪长玢岩脉形成于59.5±1.5Ma,并捕获了大量的侏罗纪岩浆岩锆石(155.4±1.8Ma)。日多地区花岗岩体的全岩地球化学特征为:(1)高Si O_2、Na_2O、Al_2O_3,低Fe O~T、MgO、Ti O_2;(2)富集轻稀土(LREE),亏损重稀土(HREE)及高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、P元素;(3)具有Eu负异常,总体显示高钾钙碱性、过铝质花岗岩和岛弧型岩浆岩特征。锆石Hf同位素特征暗示其岩浆源区为基性下地壳物质。花岗闪长玢岩脉裹挟大量侏罗纪岩浆型锆石,表明冈底斯岩基拉萨以东地区可能经历了较广泛的晚侏罗世岩浆作用。     

Tracing the 850-Ma continental flood basalts from a piece of subducted continental crust in the North Qaidam UHPM belt,NW China

A Paleozoic ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic (UHPM) belt extends along the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin, North Tibetan Plateau. Eclogites in the Yuka eclogite terrane, northwest part of this UHPM belt, occur as blocks or layers of varying size intercalated with granitic and pelitic gneisses. These eclogites have protoliths geochemically similar to enriched-type mid-ocean ridge basalts (E-MORB) and oceanic island basalts (OIB). On the basis of Ti/Y ratios, they can be divided into low-Ti and high-Ti groups. The low-Ti group (LTG) eclogites exhibit relatively low TiO₂ (most <2.5 wt%) and Ti/Y (<500) but comparatively high Mg# (48–55), whereas the high-Ti group (HTG) eclogites have high TiO₂ (most >2.5 wt%) and Ti/Y (>500) but lower Mg# (46–52). Zircons from two eclogite samples gave a magmatic crystallization (protolith) age of ∼850 Ma and a UHPM age of ∼433 Ma. The occurrence, geochemical features and age data of the Yuka eclogites suggest that their protoliths are segments of continental flood basalts (CFBs) with a mantle plume origin, similar to most typical CFBs. Our observation, together with the tectonic history and regional geologic context, lend support for the large scale onset of mantle plume within the Rodinia supercontinent at ∼850 Ma. The Qaidam block is probably one of the fragments of the Rodinia supercontinent with a volcanic-rifted passive margin. The latter may have been dragged to mantle depths by its subducting leading edge of the oceanic lithosphere in the Early Paleozoic.     

东昆仑山南缘大型转换挤压构造带和斜向俯冲作用

东昆仑地体和巴颜喀拉－－松潘甘孜地体之间的会聚边界是一条位于东昆仑南缘的大型转换挤压构造带。研究表明该带的东段（阿尼玛卿段）和西段（东－西大滩段）构造特征不同,阿尼玛卿段的构造以印支期具往南西造山极性的逆冲叠覆岩片和新生代脆性左行走滑构造为特征,东－西大滩段是由220Ma形成的EW向韧性左行走滑剪切带及两则伴生的挤压褶皱断裂带组成,韧性变形持续至20Ma,之后表现为脆性左行走滑构造再活动。因此,东昆仑南缘大型会聚带是一条由东段的“收缩挤压”为主向西段的“转换挤压”逐渐过度的特殊复杂的构造带,它的形成与巴颜喀拉－－松潘甘孜地体往NE方向斜向俯冲于东昆仑地体之下有关。     

山西沁水盆地中,南部现代构造应力场与煤储层物性关系之探讨

山西沁水盆地中、南部下二叠统山西组主煤储层现代构造应力场主应力差增大、煤储层渗透率梯度呈指数形式增长,煤储层压力梯度呈对数增长,这种规律主要受控于现代构造应力场应力方向与煤储层天然裂隙优势发育方向之间的相互关系,这两组方向对于煤储层来说近于平行,对煤储层顶板则表现为近于正交,由此导致主煤储层中天然裂隙处于相对拉张状态,而其顶板天然裂隙处于挤压状态,主应力 越大,相对拉张效应就越显著。基于这种规律和     

Granitoids of the Ufalei block (South Urals): Sr-Nd isotope systematics, geodynamic position and genetic reconstructions

Petrogeochemical and isotopic-geochronological signatures in granitoids developed in structures with complex geological history represent an important feature for reconstructing paleogeodynamic settings. Granitoids are widespread in the western slope of the Urals, where the Uralian Orogen contacts via a collage of different-age blocks of the east European Platform. The Ufalei block located in the Central Urals megazone at the junction between the South and Middle Urals’ segments represents one such boundary structure with multistage geological evolution. The isotopic ages obtained by different methods for acid igneous rocks range from 1290 to 245 Ma. We determined close Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd ages (317 Ma) for granites of the Nizhnii Ufalei Massif. By their petrochemical parameters, granitoids and host granite-gneisses differ principally from each other: the former are close to subduction-related, while the latter, to continental-riftogenic varieties. The primary ratio (⁸⁷Sr/8⁶Sr)₀ = 0.70428 and ?_Nd ≈ +4 values indicate significant contribution of oceanic (island-arc?) material to the substrate, which served as a source for granites of the Nizhnii Ufalei Massif. Model Nd ages of granites vary from 641 to 550 Ma. Distinct oceanic rocks and varieties with such ages are missing from the surrounding structures. New isotopic dates obtained for ultramafic and mafic rocks from different zones of the Urals related to the Cadomian cycle imply development of unexposed Upper Riphean-Vendian “oceanic” rocks in the central part of the Ufalei block, which played a substantial role in the formation of the Nizhnii Ufalei granitoids. Such rocks could be represented, for example, by fragments of the Precambrian Timanide-type ophiolite association. The analysis of original materials combined with published data point to the heterogeneous composition and structure of the Ufalei block and a significant part of the western segment of the Central Uralian Uplift and extremely complex geological history of the region coupling the Uralian Orogen with the East European Platform in the present-day structure.     

西安灞河流域现代岩溶作用与CO_2吸收量

本文探讨了灞河流域岩溶特征、ＣＯ２估算方法和ＣＯ２吸收量。观测资料表明,灞河流 域河水中ｐＨ值在冬春季高,夏秋季低,而ＨＣＯ３含量通常与ｐＨ相反。河水和黄土地下水中 ｐＨ值、ＨＣＯ３等化学成分含量与北方南部石灰岩区岩溶水基本相同,表明该区现代岩溶作用 明显,黄土地层也在不断吸收ＣＯ２,并对全球碳循环有重要影响。雨水富含ＣＯ２,其中约有 ８２％的ＣＯ２被岩溶过程吸收,１８％左右的随河水流失。根据一个流域ＣＯ２输入量和输出量,可 以计算岩溶过程中 ＣＯ２吸收量。计算表明,灞河流域现代岩溶过程中每年吸收的 ＣＯ２约为５６３２．８ｔ。     

对雅鲁藏布江结合带形成演化的再探讨

通过1∶5万区域地质调查和收集相关资料的综合研究,本文对雅鲁藏布江结合带的形成演化作了进一步的探讨。雅鲁藏布江特提斯洋具有弧后扩张洋盆的性质,在早三叠世至中三叠世中期洋盆初步形成,中三叠世晚期至晚三叠世洋盆全面形成,从早侏罗世至晚白垩世洋盆逐步萎缩,到古新世至始新世关闭。南带的蛇绿岩主要为洋中脊扩张型(MORB型),形成于中三叠世晚期至晚三叠世。北带的蛇绿岩主要为与洋内俯冲相关的俯冲带上盘型(SSZ型),形成于早中侏罗世。带内侏罗纪至白垩纪其他岩浆岩主要为前弧玄武岩类(FAB型)。显示雅鲁藏布江特提斯洋从早侏罗世开始发生了洋内俯冲,并同步向北向冈底斯带之下主动俯冲消减和向南向喜马拉雅地块之下被动俯冲消减,持续发展到晚白垩世,在古新世至始新世俯冲碰撞消亡转化为结合带。